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Partnership for Change Drug Free Communities
Year Two Evaluation February 14, 2017
Presented by: Linda M. Bosma, PhD Bosma Consulting, LLC
Drug Free Communities (DFC) grant
• Federal grant
• Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP)
• Requires environmental prevention efforts
• Achieve community level change—change is focused on populations, not individuals
• Emphasis on policy
• Grounded in prevention science—strategies must be evidence based
DFC Goals
1. Establish and maintain a strong coalition of diverse stakeholders from the community that leads efforts
2. Reduce rates of youth substance use in the community
Require Evaluation
• All DFC grantees are required to collect and report data on the core measures and evaluate their progress
• They are also required to do extensive reporting on their activity
• Do additional evaluation within their communities to assess the development of their coalition and achievement of goals that will contribute to reducing rates of substance use in their communities.
DFC: Core Measures
• Required for Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, and Prescription Drugs:
– Use in the past 30 days (current)
– Perception of risk/harm from use
– Perception of parental disapproval of use
– Perception of peer disapproval of use
PFC Evaluation Questions
1. To what extent are rates of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and prescription drug use by youth being reduced?
2. To what extent does PFC have the capacity to address alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and prescription drug use by youth in the communities it serves?
3. To what extent is PFC addressing the access and availability of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and prescription drugs to underage persons in the communities it serves?
4. To what extent is the community aware of the problem of youth alcohol use and the efforts of PFC to address those problems?
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 10.2% 6.9% 9.2% 7.9%
9th 14.1% 9.2% 14.7% 11.2%
11th 25.1% 18.4% 27.7% 24.6%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
PFC Past 30 Day Use-Alcohol
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 3.2% 2.7% 4.0% 3.7%
9th 6.1% 2.9% 7.0% 5.8%
11th 9.6% 7.5% 12.0% 12.7%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
PFC Past 30 Day Use-Tobacco
Past 30 Day Use: E-cigs 2016
PFC MN
8th 8th grade 5.4% 3.0%
9th 9th grade 9.8% 4.0%
11th 11th grade 16.9% 8.0%
E-Cigarettes Past 30 Day Use
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 8.4% 5.5% 5.2% 4.6%
9th 11.4% 6.5% 9.4% 6.8%
11th 18.7% 15.8% 16.6% 15.7%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
PFC Past 30 Day Use-Marijuana
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 4.6% 4.9% 3.7% 4.0%
9th 7.3% 4.3% 5.6% 4.4%
11th 7.4% 6.2% 7.0% 6.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
PFC Past 30 Day Use-Rx Drugs
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 77.6% 66.3% 72.1% 70.4%
9th 79.8% 72.0% 75.5% 72.8%
11th 79.4% 78.0% 74.7% 72.7%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Perceived Risk of Harm-Alcohol
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 78.3% 72.0% 79.0% 77.6%
9th 82.9% 76.8% 83.0% 78.6%
11th 85.4% 81.0% 85.0% 80.3%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Perceived Risk of Harm-Tobacco
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 67.3% 57.1% 70.9% 65.1%
9th 63.6% 55.1% 66.8% 59.8%
11th 53.3% 46.7% 55.6% 46.6%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Perceived Risk of Harm-Marijuana
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 82.1% 70.8% 82.0% 78.4%
9th 83.6% 75.8% 84.4% 79.6%
11th 86.4% 78.5% 85.4% 81.2%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Perceived Risk of Harm-Rx Drugs
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 92.3% 87.5% 93.2% 91.2%
9th 93.2% 90.4% 91.6% 91.2%
11th 90.8% 88.0% 88.6% 87.2%
80.0%
82.0%
84.0%
86.0%
88.0%
90.0%
92.0%
94.0%
96.0%
98.0%
100.0%
Perceived Parent Disapproval-Alcohol
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 94.1% 89.0% 95.0% 93.2%
9th 94.7% 92.8% 93.0% 93.6%
11th 93.8% 92.0% 92.0% 91.4%
82.0%
84.0%
86.0%
88.0%
90.0%
92.0%
94.0%
96.0%
98.0%
100.0%
Perceived Parent Disapproval-Tobacco
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 92.9% 86.7% 94.3% 91.1%
9th 92.1% 88.9% 92.0% 90.2%
11th 91.1% 85.7% 89.5% 95.6%
75.0%
80.0%
85.0%
90.0%
95.0%
100.0%
Perceived Parent Disapproval-Marijuana
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 94.0% 88.6% 95.3% 93.4%
9th 95.0% 92.1% 94.9% 94.2%
11th 94.8% 92.3% 95.0% 93.6%
82.0%
84.0%
86.0%
88.0%
90.0%
92.0%
94.0%
96.0%
98.0%
100.0%
Perceived Parent Disapproval-Rx Drugs
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 80.0% 81.5% 84.1% 85.4%
9th 73.4% 79.6% 75.2% 79.9%
11th 64.1% 70.4% 63.3% 67.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Perceive Peer Disapproval-Alcohol
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 83.9% 83.3% 87.0% 87.1%
9th 78.6% 84.7% 79.0% 84.1%
11th 72.8% 79.4% 69.0% 75.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Perceive Peer Disapproval-Tobacco
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 76.9% 75.6% 83.7% 82.7%
9th 64.0% 69.7% 70.4% 74.9%
11th 53.0% 52.0% 57.6% 56.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Perceive Peer Disapproval-Marijuana
2013 2016 2013 2016
PFC - Minnesota
8th 85.7% 84.0% 89.0% 88.9%
9th 81.3% 83.1% 84.8% 86.8%
11th 78.8% 77.4% 78.9% 80.2%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Perceive Peer Disapproval-Rx Drugs
Coalition Functioning Survey
• 23 Respondents (65% identify as “member”)
• Healthy mix of new and long-term members:
– 26% new,
– 22% 1-2 years,
– 22% 2-5 years,
– 30% 5+ years
• 74%--part of job; 26% as community member
• 52% say attend most meetings
Sector Percent Number
Health Care 35% 8
Other organization (non-governmental) that works on substance use/abuse issues
22% 5
Parent 22% 5
Schools/Education 17% 4
Law Enforcement/Judiciary 13% 3
Youth serving organization/agency 9% 2
Youth (you are a youth) 9% 2
Governmental agency that works on substance use/abuse issues
4% 1
Elected official/Government 4% 1
Other 4% 1
Faith based organization 0% 0
Media 0% 0
Business Community 0% 0
Civic Organization 0% 0
Findings
• Feel meetings are productive
• Participation is strong
• Confident that PFC can make a difference
• Knowledgeable and supportive of environmental prevention strategies
• Strong support for PFC initiatives—very important to address
Areas of Improvement
• Few identified
• Some concern PFC membership needs greater diversity/representation of communities it serves—both race/ethnicity and sectors
Law Enforcement Efforts
• Compliance checks • Furnishing alcohol to a minor arrests • Underage consumption citations • Driving Under the Influence (DUI) • Not-A-Drop DUI enforcement • Social Host Ordinance • Place of Last Drink (POLD) • Retail Alcohol Vendor Education and Enforcement
(RAVE) • Responsible Beverage Server Training (RBS)
BrooklynCenter
BrooklynPark
CrystalGoldenValley
MapleGrove
New Hope Osseo PlymouthRobbins-
daleTotal
On-Sale 100% 96% 75% 83% 86% 100% 94% 93%
Off-Sale 100% 94% 83% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95%
Combined Rate 100% 96% 77% 88% 87% 100% 95% 93%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%P
erc
en
t o
f C
he
cks
Pas
sed
Alcohol Compliance Checks Pass Rate by City (Jan to Dec, 2015)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20132014- Mar
152015 (all)
Total 84.0% 89.9% 92.7% 87.2% 94.7% 93.3% 94.0% 93.0%
78.0%
80.0%
82.0%
84.0%
86.0%
88.0%
90.0%
92.0%
94.0%
96.0%
Alcohol Compliance Check Pass Rate, PFC Region, 2008-2015
BrooklynCenter
BrooklynPark
CrystalGoldenValley
MapleGrove
NewHope
Osseo PlymouthRobbins-
daleTotal
Compliance 100% 97% 100% 100% 88% 90% 83% 96%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Tobacco Compliance Rate, 2015
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014- Mar 15 2015 (all)
Total 49 32 74 36 21 24 18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80N
um
be
r o
f A
rre
sts
Furnishing of Alcohol to a Minor Arrests, PFC Region, 2009-2015
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014-15 2015 (all)
Total 0 0 1 3 1 11 6 13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14N
um
be
r o
f C
itat
ion
s
Social Host Ordinance Citations 2008 to 2015
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014- Mar 15 2015 (all)
Total 762 498 623 547 305 365 219
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900N
um
be
r o
f C
itat
ion
s
Underage Consumption Citations, PFC Region, 2009-2015
2009 2010 2011 2012 20132014- Mar
152015 (all)
Age 18-20 45 48 38 57 50 51 29
Age 21-25 210 208 199 336 220 257 275
Age 26-40 456 370 430 681 545 572 576
Age 40 plus 264 226 293 449 325 316 337
Total 1333 1217 1384 1526 1148 1196 1217
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800N
um
be
r o
f A
rre
sts
Arrests for Driving Under the Influence, PFC Region, 2009-2015, by age
2009 2010 2011 2012 20132014- Mar
152015 (all)
Total 75 45 55 48 24 15 24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Nu
mb
er
of
Cit
atio
ns
Citations for Underage Drink & Drive (Not-A-Drop), PFC Region, 2009-2015
Total Arrests by City January to December 2015
City
Brooklyn Center
Brooklyn Park
Crystal Golden Valley
Maple Grove
New Hope
Osseo Ply-mouth
Robbins-dale
Total
Drug Abuse Violations 149 414 205 93 196 155 4 212 110 1538
DUI (A & OD) 57 194 441 178 261 140 19 125 154 1569
Liquor Law Violations 10 21 23 1 45 6 0 78 3 187
Total Arrests/Dept (any) 1717 3153 678 263 1331 581 na 1345 964 10032
RBS Training Provided in 2015
City
Brooklyn Center
Brooklyn Park
Crystal Golden Valley
Maple Grove
New Hope
Osseo Plymouth Robbins-dale
Total
Mandatory? YES 1
# of sessions 12 DK 2 14
# RBST staff 1 1 DK 2
# attendees 1081 11 21 1113
Summary
• Reductions in past 30 day use
• Lower perceived harm & perception of parent or peer disapproval
• Marijuana least likely to be seen as harmful, or that parents or peers would disapprove
• Strong law enforcement efforts and partnerships continue to prioritize substance use prevention/intervention
• Coalition is capable and engaged
Next Steps
• Update POLD date
• One-on-ones are in progress
• Potentially some individual reports by school
• Report Card
• Exploring other data needs to support sustainability planning
