Partnership in motion

7/28/2019 Partnership in motion

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The Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP), a research program o the CGIAR, represents or

the rst time ever a single strategic and work plan or global rice research. GRiSP brings together

hundreds o scientists to embark on the most comprehensive attempt ever to harness the power

o science to solve the pressing development challenges o the 21st century. Cutting-edge

science is deployed to develop new rice varieties with high yield potential and tolerance o a

variety o stresses such as fooding, salinity, drought, soil problems, pests, weeds, and diseases.

Improved natural resource management practices will allow armers to ully realize the benetso such new varieties on a sustainable basis while protecting the environment. Future rice pro-

duction systems are designed to adapt to climate change and to mitigate the impacts o global

warming. Policies conducive to the adoption o new varieties and cropping systems will be de-

signed to acilitate the realization o development outcomes. GRiSP will train uture rice scientists

and strengthen the capacity o advisory systems to reach millions o armers. For impact at scale,

GRiSP scientists collaborate with hundreds o development partners rom the public and private

sector across the globe.

GRiSP was launched in 2010 and is coordinated by three members o the CGIAR Consorti-

umthe International Rice Research Institute (IRRI, the lead institute), Arica Rice Center (Ari-

caRice), the International Center or Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)and three other leading agri-

cultural agencies with an international mandate and with a large portolio on rice: Centre de Co-operation lnternationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Dveloppement (Cirad), Llnstitut

de Recherche pour le Dveloppement (IRD), and the Japan International Research Center or

Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS). Together, they align and bring to the table consortia, networks,

platorms, programs, and collaborative projects with over 900 partners rom the government,

nongovernment, public, private, and civil society sectors.

The responsibility or this publication rests solely with the Global Rice Science Partnership.

cc Global Rice Science Partnership 2013

This publication is copyrighted by GRiSP and is licensed or use under a Creative Commons

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License (Unported). Unless otherwise noted, users

are ree to copy, duplicate, or reproduce and distribute, display, or transmit any o the articlesand to make translations, adaptation, or other derivative works under specic conditions spelled

out at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0.

Mailing address: Dr. Bas Bouman, GRiSP program director, c/o IRRI, DAPO Box 7777,

Metro Manila, Philippines

Phone: +63 (2) 580-5600

Fax: +63 (2) 580-5699

Email: [email protected]

Web site: www.grisp.net

Suggested citation:

GRiSP (Global Rice Science Partnership). 2013. GRiSP: Partnership in motion. Los Baos

(Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. 29 p.

Cover photo: Bas Bouman, IRRI.


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i

Contents

Preface iii

1 GRiSPsynopsis:objecves,themes,andproducts 1

2 KeyGRiSPpartnershipprinciples 1

3 TheevoluonofpartnershipsalongGRiSPsimpactpathway 4

4 Keypartnertypes 6

4.1 GRiSPfoundingandcoordinangpartners 6

4.2 Naonalagriculturalresearchandextensionsystems 7

4.3 Strongnaonalresearchsystems 7

4.3.1 Brazil 7

4.3.2 Russia 7

4.3.3 India 7

4.3.4 China 8

4.3.5 Egypt 8

4.4 Advancedresearchinstutesindevelopedcountries 8

4.4.1 Japan 9

4.4.2 France 9

4.5 Civilsocietyorganizaons 10

4.6 Theprivatesector 10

4.7 CGIARcenters 11

4.8 Internaonalorganizaons 11

4.9 Farmers 12

5 Purpose-drivenpartnerships 13

5.1 Regionalconsoraandnetworksfordevelopment 15

5.1.1 IrrigatedRiceResearchConsorum 15

5.1.2 ConsorumforUnfavorableRiceEnvironments 16 5.1.3 TemperateRiceResearchConsorum 16

5.1.4 LanAmericanFundforIrrigatedRice 17

5.1.5 HybridRiceDevelopmentConsorum 17

5.1.6 Africa-wideRiceTaskForces 18

5.1.7 Africa-wideRiceSectorDevelopmentHubs 18

5.1.8 RiceResearchandTrainingCenterforCentralandWestAsia 20

GRiSP: Partnership in moon


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ii

5.2 Globalconsora,networks,andplaorms 20

5.2.1 InternaonalNetworkfortheGenecEvaluaonofRice 20

5.2.2 InternaonalNetworkforQualityRice 21

5.2.3 PhenotypingNetwork 21

5.2.4 C4RiceConsorum 21

5.2.5 InternaonalRiceFunconalGenomicsConsorumandtheOryzaSNP

Consorum 22

5.2.6 InternaonalRiceBlastNetwork 22

5.2.7 SustainableRicePlaorm 23

5.3 (Large)Time-boundprojects 23

5.3.1 Stress-TolerantRiceforAfricaandSouthAsia 23

5.3.2 CerealSystemsIniaveforSouthAsia 24

5.3.3 GreenSuperRice 25

6 SomenewGRiSPiniaves 25

7 Alignmentwithregionalandcountrypriories 25

7.1 Country-levelalignment 25

7.2 Internaonalandregionalforaanddevelopmentorganizaons 26

Acronymsandabbreviaons 28

Box1. Farmerparcipatoryresearchfordevelopment 12

Box2. Parcipatoryvarietalselecon 13

Box3. Parcipatoryimpactpathwaysanalysis 15


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iii

Preface

TheCGIARResearchProgramforRice,knownastheGlobalRiceSciencePartnership

(GRiSP),isapartnershipcoordinatedbysixresearch-for-developmentorganizaonsthat

bringtogetherover900partnersfromtheacademic,public,private,andcivilsociety

sectorswithastakeinthericedevelopmentsector.ItisnoteworthythatthePinthe

GRiSPacronymstandsforpartnershipandnotforprogram.EmbeddedwithinGRiSP

aremanysubpartnerships,suchasconsora,networks,plaorms,andme-bound

projects.SomepartnershipsaredecadesoldandnowalignedwithGRiSPsmissionand

objecves,whileotherpartnershipshavejustrecentlybeenestablishedtoserveaspecic

purposealongGRiSPsimpactpathwaytowarddevelopment.Allpartnersare,inoneway

oranother,boundtogetherbyacommonmissionofpovertyalleviaon,ricefoodsecuri-ty,andenvironmentalsustainabilityandprotecon.Somepartnersworkonaglobalscale,

whileothersworkinparcularwatersheds,villages,orsmallcommunies.Somepartners

workatthegrass-rootslevel,tryingtoimprovethelivelihoodsofsmallholderricefarm-

ersthroughhands-onparcipatoryacon,whileothersworkwithricegenesinadvanced

laboratoriesincountrieswherenoriceisevenproducedorverylileiseaten.

Howdoesonebringtogetherover900partnersfromsuchawidebackgroundina

globallycoordinatedapproachtoriceresearchfordevelopment?Whatarethepartner-

shipmechanismsandstructuresthatoperateunderGRiSP?HowdotheGRiSPcoordinat-

ingpartnersalignGRiSPsstrategyandacvieswiththoseofrice-growingnaonsand

withregionalmulnaonaldevelopmentbodies?Thisdocumentaemptstogivesomeanswerstothesequesonsandtoshedlightonthefunconingofthemanypartnership

arrangementsunderGRiSP.Itservesasastock-takingexercisefromwhichlessonscanbe

drawntoimproveGRiSPasaglobalpartnershipmechanismintheyearstocome.This

documentalsoservesasaninputtotheGCARDRoadMap,1andtheGRiSPpartnerships

describedhereinfollowuponthecommitmentsmadeattheSecondGlobalConference

onAgriculturalResearchforDevelopment(GCARD2),PuntadelEste,Uruguay,in2012.

BasBouman

Director,GRiSP

1TheGCARDRoadMap,Transformingagriculturalresearchfordevelopmentsystemsforglobal

impact,2011.GFARSecretariat,FAO,Rome,Italy.


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iv


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1GRiSP: Partnership in moon

2 KeyGRiSPpartnershipprinciples

TheGlobalRiceSciencePartnershipstrategizesand

alignsthericeresearchfordevelopment(R&D)agen-

daofsixmajorR&Dorganizaonswithaninternaon-

almandateandwithalargeporolioonrice:three

membersoftheCGIARConsorumtheInternaonal

RiceResearchInstute(IRRI,theleadinstute),Africa

RiceCenter(AfricaRice),theInternaonalCenterfor

TropicalAgriculture(CIAT) andthreeotherleading

internaonalagriculturalagencies:CentredeCoop-

eraonlnternaonaleenRechercheAgronomique

pourleDveloppement(Cirad),LlnstutdeRecher-

chepourleDveloppement(IRD),andtheJapan

InternaonalResearchCenterforAgriculturalSciences

(JIRCAS).Thesesixinstuonsarethefoundingand

coordinaonpartnersofGRiSP.Together,theyalign

andbringtothetableconsora,networks,plaorms,programs,andcollaboraveprojectswithover900

partnersfromthegovernmental,nongovernmental,

public,private,andcivilsocietysectors(Fig.2.1).On

aglobalscale,GRiSPactsasanoverarchingumbrella

andorganizingprincipleforriceresearchforde-

velopment.Allpartners,insomeway,contributeto

GRiSPsgoals,objecves,productdevelopments,

andimpactpathway,beitatalocal,naonal,inter-

naonal,orgloballevel.GRiSPfacilitatesinteracon

amongpartnersacrosstheglobenotonlythroughits

combinedresearchagendaandR&Dacviesbutalso

1 GRiSPsynopsis:objecves,themes,andproducts

TheCGIARResearchProgramforRice,knownasthe

GlobalRiceSciencePartnership(GRiSP),provides

asinglestrategicplananduniquenewpartnership

plaormforimpact-orientedriceresearchfordevel-

opment(www.cgiar.org/rice-grisp/).Itstreamlines

thericeresearchfordevelopmentacviesofCGIAR

andalignsthemwithmorethan900riceresearchand

developmentpartnersworldwideto

Increasericeproducvityandvalueforthepoor.

Fostermoresustainablerice-basedproducon.

Helpricefarmersadapttoclimatechange.

Improvetheeciencyandequityoftherice

sector.

GRiSPsmission,inaccordancewiththatofCGIAR,is

toreducepovertyandhunger,improvehumanhealthandnutrion,reducetheenvironmentalfootprint,

andenhancetheecosystemresilienceofricepro-

duconsystemsthroughhigh-qualityinternaonal

riceresearch,partnership,andleadership.Itaimsto

achievethismissionthroughfosteringhigh-quality,

impact-orientedresearchanddevelopmentacvies

inaglobalcontext.Thekeyentrypointforachieving

thismissionisthesubstanalincreaseinthepro-

ducvityandresourceeciencyofriceproducon

systems.Thiswillenablefarmerstoenteravirtuous

circle,allowingthemtoalsoinvestmoreindiversica-onandsustainablemanagementpracces.

GRiSPacviesareorganizedinsixresearchand

developmentthemes(Table1.1).Undereachtheme,

so-calledproductlinesaredenedasfamiliesof

productsordeliverablesthatprovideglobalorregion-

aloponsfornext,intermediate,andnalusersalong

theimpactpathway.ExamplesofGRiSPproductsare

newlydiscoveredgenesandQTLs,prebreedinglines,

variees,naturalresourcemanagementtechnologies,

informaonsystemsanddatabases,decisionsupport

systems,andpolicyadvice.Product-orientedinterdis-ciplinaryacviesarecarriedoutwithpartnerstode-

velopinnovaveproductsandfacilitatetheiruptake.

Productscanbeglobalorregionalintheirtargeted

usage,andarebasedonevidenceforlargeimpact

potenal. Fig. 2.1. Number and type of GRiSP partners as of September 2010; theinner circle provides a breakdown by partner roles (research vs. bound-

ary partners). The outer circle provides a classicaon by organizaonal

categories. About 48% of the GRiSP partners mainly play a role as re-

search partners, whereas 47% are mainly development partners and 5%

are other boundary partners.


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2

Table 1.1. GRiSP themes and product lines (PL).

Theme1:Harnessinggenecdiversitytochartnewproducvity,quality,andhealthhorizons

PL1.1. Ex situconservaonanddisseminaonofricegermplasm PL1.2. Characterizinggenecdiversityandcreangnovelgenepools

PL1.3. Genesandallelicdiversityconferringstresstoleranceandenhancednutrion

PL1.4. C4

rice

Theme2:Accelerangthedevelopment,delivery,andadoponofimprovedricevariees

PL2.1. Breedinginformacs,high-throughputmarkerapplicaons,andmulenvironmenttesng

PL2.2. Improveddonorsandgenes/QTLsconferringvaluabletraits

PL2.3. Ricevarieestolerantofabiocstresses

PL2.4. Improvedricevarieesforintensiveproduconsystems

PL2.5. Hybridriceforthepublicandprivatesectors

PL2.6. Healthierricevariees

Theme3:Ecologicalandsustainablemanagementofrice-basedproduconsystems PL3.1. Futuremanagementsystemsforecientricemonoculture

PL3.2. Resource-conservingtechnologiesfordiversiedfarmingsystems

PL3.3. Managementinnovaonsforpoorfarmersinrainfedandstress-proneareas

PL3.4. Increasingresiliencetoclimatechangeandreducingglobalwarmingpotenal

Theme4:Extracngmorevaluefromriceharveststhroughimprovedquality,processing,marketsystems,

andnewproducts

PL4.1. Technologiesandbusinessmodelstoimprovericepostharvestpracces,processing,and

markeng

PL4.2. Innovaveusesofricestrawandricehusks

PL4.3. High-qualityriceandinnovaverice-basedfoodproducts

Theme5:Technologyevaluaons,targeng,andpolicyoponsforenhancedImpact PL5.1. Socioeconomicandgenderanalysesfortechnologyevaluaon

PL5.2. Spaalanalysisforeecvetechnologytargeng

PL5.3. Aglobalriceinformaongateway

PL5.4. Strategicforesight,priorityseng,andimpactassessmentforriceresearch

Theme6:Supporngthegrowthoftheglobalricesector

PL6.1. Innovaoninlearningandcommunicaontoolsandextensioncapacitydevelopment

PL6.2. Eecvesystemsforlarge-scaleadoponofricetechnologiesinSouthAsia

PL6.3. Eecvesystemsforlarge-scaleadoponofricetechnologiesinSoutheastandEastAsia

PL6.4. Eecvesystemsforlarge-scaleadoponofricetechnologiesinAfrica

PL6.5. Eecvesystemsforlarge-scaleadoponofricetechnologiesinLanAmericaandthe

Caribbean


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Fig.2.2.GRiSPorganizeseldvisitsandstudytoursacrosstheconnentstoallowpartnersfromdierentorganizaonalbackgroundstointeractandexchangeideas.Here,thedeputydirectorgeneraloftheDepartmentofCropProduconoftheMinistryofAgricultureandRuralDevelopmentofVietnam(right)meetsascienstfromtheUruguayanNaonalAgriculturalResearchInstute(INIA)duringaGRiSPeldvisitinUruguay,2012.

throughworkshops,conferences,studytours,and

eldvisits(Fig.2.2).

Amongthemorethan900partnersinvolvedin

GRiSP,threemajortypesofpartnersaredisnguished,

althoughtheirrolesoendovetailandoverlap.

Research partnersplayanacveroleinresearch

andproductdevelopmentinGRiSPThemes15,

andarethusco-accountableforsuchproducts.

Researchpartnersareinuencedbydevelop-

mentpartnersandGRiSPbeneciariesinfocus-

ingtheirresearchandproductdevelopmentto

meettheneedsoffarmersandotherstakehold-

ersinthericevaluechain(sothatGRiSPsgoals

andobjecvesaremet).

Development partners maybeinvolvedinmore

adapveresearch(localadapters)and/orplaya

signicantroleinthedisseminaonandadop-

onprocess(disseminators).Typically,develop-

mentpartnersareinuencedbyGRiSPresearch

partnerstomobilizeresourcesforscalingout

GRiSPproducts,whereastheyexertinuenceon

theresearchpartnersinproductdevelopment

choicesanddirecon(seeabove).Development

partnersdonotnecessarilyreceivemuchfund-

ingfromGRiSPandneedaccesstoconsiderable

extraresources(typically10-foldthelevelof

fundingforproductdevelopment)forreach-

ingmillionsoffarmers(andotherbeneciaries)

andhavingimpactatscale.Themajorityof

partnersinGRiSPTheme6aredevelopment

partners,forwhichsuccessinoutscalingnew

informaonandtechnologieslargelydependson

theresourcestheymobilize.

Other partners maynotbedirectlyinvolvedin

developing,adapng,ordisseminangGRiSP

products,buttheyareinneedofinformaonon

GRiSPanditsoutputsforvariouspurposes.They

include,forexample,policymakers,internaonal

orregionalassociaonsororganizaons,me-

dia,developmentfunds,regionaldevelopment

banks,donors,andpolicalorganizaons.

Developmentandotherpartnersmayalsobe

referredtoasboundary partners,thatis,partners

thatarenotdirectlyaccountablefordevelopingGRiSP

products,butthatplayamajorroleindelivering

developmentoutcomesandimpactatscale.GRiSPis

theumbrellapartnershipthatintegratesresearchand

development(boundary)partnersintoonecommon

frameworkwithjointlyacceptedgoalsandobjecves.

BeneciariesofGRiSPsR&Dproductsandser-

vicesareulmatelythestakeholdersalongtherice

supplychain,fromfarmers,millers,processors,and

tradersallthewayuptoconsumers.Theycanalso

includeproducersofinputs(suchasmachineryand

postharvesttoolsandequipment)andofservices

(suchasprovidersoffarmoperaonssuchaslandlev-

eling,harvesng,etc.)andbuyersandtradersofout-

puts.Intermediatebeneciariesareactorsthatplay

aroleinlocallyenriching,adapng,andpassingon

informaon,products,andservicestoendusers,such

asadvisoryservicesandextensionagents,andlocal

knowledgepartners.Examplesofspecicbeneciaries

ofproductsfromTheme6arepolicymakers,devel-

opmentbanks,donors,andpolicalorganizaons.

Beneciariesaretypicallyinvolvedintheprocessof

productdevelopmentanddisseminaonofGRiSPand

thusareoenpartofpartnershiparrangements.

GRiSPpartnershipsarebasedontheprincipleof

equality,andGRiSPstrivestowardminimumnancial

interdependencies.Inequalpartnerships,partners

ndeachotherincommongoalsandobjecves.They

rstbringtheirownacviestothetablethatare

alignedwithGRiSPsoverallandcommonlyagreed-

uponR&Dagenda.Theseownacviesarefunded

byacombinaonofwhatcanbeseenascore

instuonalorprogramfundingandspecicgrant

projects.ForIRRI,AfricaRice,andCIAT,corefunding

derivesprimarilyfromtheCGIARWindowfunding

mechanism.Fortheseinstutes,thisCGIARWindow

fundingtypicallyvariesfromabout25%to45%of

NeilPalmer,CIAT


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4

theirtotalGRiSPbudget(thisnumbervariesoverthe

years),whereasbilateralgrantsprovidetheremain-

ing.ForCirad,IRD,andJIRCAS,corefundingderives

fromnaonalgovernmentfunds.Themorethan900

GRiSPpartnersallhavetheirownspeciccorefund-

ingarrangements(dependingonwhethertheyare

government,privatesector,NGO,etc.),andgenerally

receiveaddionalfundingthroughtheirinvolvement

inbilateralgrantprojectswithoneormoreofGRiSPs

coordinangpartners.GRiSPalsosetsasideapor-

onoftheCGIARWindowfundingtosupportGRiSP

partnersonspeciccross-cungacviessuchas

workshops,partnershipbuilding,capacitybuilding,

andjointnew-fronerresearch.Intotal,around30%

oftheGRiSPbudgetcoordinatedbythethreeCGIAR

centersowsthroughtonon-CGIARpartners.Because

ofthesheercomplexityofsuchatask,themonetary

valueofGRiSPacviescontributedbythethreenon-

CGIARcoordinaoncenters(Cirad,IRD,andJIRCAS)

andbythemorethan900otherpartnershasnot

beenmadeexplicit.

Fig. 3.1. Generalized impact pathway of GRiSP. Products of research (le-hand side) are tested, adapted, and promoted by GRiSPs research and

development partners, and taken up by the ulmate beneciaries such as farmers (but also other actors along the rice value chain) to produce in-

termediate development outcomes and ulmately impact at scale (right-hand side). Through the acons of the development partners, the number

of farmers beneng from GRiSPs products increases from several hundred early in the product development phase (e.g., those farmers parcipat-

ing in pilot projects) to millions aer products have been locally adapted and made responsive to local farmers preferences. The impact pathway is

not a linear process, and the many underlying feedback loops and interacons are omied for simplicity.

Genes, varieties,

management

technologies,

information

gateway, models,

data tools,

capacity, etc.

Products

locally

adapted and

promoted by

public, NGO,

and private

sector

Products

adopted by

farmers, value

chain actors,

policymakers,

other

stakeholders

Increased

production ofnutritious rice

Increased

resource-use

efciency

Improved foodsecurity

CGIAR-level

outcomes

Science partnerships

Theme 1 ------ Themes 2, 3, 4 -------------------------------------- Theme 5 Theme 6

GRiSP

Products ImpactIntermediate development outcomes

Farmers:

Timeline

1,000s 10,000s 100,000s Millions

Development partnerships

Improved

nutrition and

health

Reduced rural

poverty

Increased

sustainability

Stable and

affordable

price of rice

3 TheevoluonofpartnershipsalongGRiSPsimpactpathway

GRiSPisimplementedthroughavarietyofpartner-

shiparrangementsthatevolveinsizeandcomposion

acrosstheimpactpathwayfromproductdevelopment

tohavingimpactatscale(Fig.3.1).Typically,thepart-

nershipshareofpureresearchpartnersdecreases

goingfromupstreamresearchandbasicproduct

development(ontheleoftheimpactpathway)to

disseminaonanddelivery(ontherightoftheimpact

pathway),whilethepartnershipshareofdevelopment

partnersincreases.Itisimportant,however,thatboth

typesofpartners,alongwithvarioustypesofben-

eciaries,beincludedatallstagesalongtheimpact

pathway(especiallyinthedesignphaseofproduct

development)toensurerelevancetostakeholders

needs. Thedevelopmentanddeliveryofsubmergence-

tolerantricevarieesisagoodexampleofevolving

partnershipsalongtheimpactpathway(Fig.3.2).


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Year

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Partners NARES(2) NARES(8) NARES,NGOs,FO,seedco.

(22)

NARES,FO,NGO,seedco.,

NFSM,state

govs.,industry

(54)

100public-andprivate-

sector

partners

>130public-andprivate-

sector partners

Acvies Seedmul-

plicaon

Evaluaon Evaluaon,

demonstraon

Release(June),

seedmulpli-

caon

Disseminaon,adopon,

impactassessment

Seed

amount

2kg 100kg 3->15t >1,000t 10,000t 40,000t

No.of

farmers

700 5,000 >100,000 4million

Fig. 3.2. Timeline of major scienc achievements with upstream research partners in the discovery of the submergence-tolerance

gene SUB1 and in the development of submergence-tolerant rice (top); meline, acvies, seed mulplicaon, and number of farm-

ers adopng submergence-tolerant variees in India during the outscaling phase (boom) (see text for explanaon). FO = farmer

organizaon; NFSM = Naonal Food Security Mission, India.

ThisexamplealsoillustratesGRiSPsaccountabilityto

itsmainbeneciaries,thericefarmers.Fordecades,

farmersinmarginalandresource-poorareashave

beenlebehindintheprocessofruraldevelopment

becausethehigh-yieldingvarieesoftheGreen

Revoluonwerenottfortheirharshenvironments.Forexample,salinity,uncontrolledsubmergence,or

droughtsseverelyreducedtheyieldpotenalofthe

newGreenRevoluonvariees.Despitethedevelop-

mentofresponseoponssuchasimprovedwater

managementandshort-duraonvarieesthatcould

escapedroughtsoroods,farmerskeptaskingfor

stress-tolerantvarieeswithhighyieldpotenal.In

response,despitethesupposedintractabilityof

suchtraits,scienstskeptsearchingforstresstoler-

anceinthegenecmakeupofrice.Partnershipsin

theseearlydecadesincludedchieyCGcentersand

advancedresearchinstutesindevelopedcountries

thatworkedonthefronerofdevelopmentsinmo-

lecularbiologyandbiotechnology.Eventually,thesesciencepartnershipswereabletoidenfyQTLs,and

laterspecicgenes,thatconfersubmergencetoler-

ance,anddevelopedmarkersandthetoolsofmarker-

assistedselecontobreedthesegenesintopopular

mega-varieesgrowninthetargetdomain.Atthat

stage,thepartnershipcomposionshiedtoinclude

morenaonalbreedinginstuonsinthetarget

environments(inthiscase,easternIndiaandBangla-

Farmerssubmergence-tolerantlandracescollected;FR13A

Genebankscreened;FR13Aidened

Semidwarf&submergencetol.combined

Firsthigh-yieldingdwarfvariees

1950 1978 1990 2000 2010

1995:Sub1mappedtochr.9

Finemapping&markerdevelopmentstarted2002:SwarnacrossedwithIR49830-7(Sub1)

2006:Sub1-A geneconferringsubmergencetolerance

2008:Sub1-A modeofacon:inhibitsresponsetoGA

2010:TwoSub1varieesreleasedinBangladesh

2009:Swarna-Sub1releasedinIndia,Indonesia;IR64-

Sub1inIndonesia,Philippines

2006:Swarna-Sub1developedbymarker-assistedbackcrossing


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6

desh)todevelopandtestlocalvariees.Farmerswere

involvedthroughparcipatoryvarietalselecon(PVS)

intheirownelds.Withthedevelopmentoflocally

adapted,submergence-tolerantvariees(so-called

scubaorunderwaterrice),thepartnershipstarted

toincludemorenaonalseeddistribuonsystems,

privateseedcompanies,NGOs,farmerorganizaons,

andcommunityseedbanksystems.Thesetypesof

partnersarecrucialindeliveringtheseedsofthese

newvarieestothemillionsoffarmerswhoneed

them,and,wheresuchpartnersdidnotexist,GRiSP

embarkedonfacilitangtheircreaon,forexample,

throughbusinessmodeldevelopment.Themain

partnershipmechanismsfordeliveryatscalewere/are

theConsorumforUnfavorableRiceEnvironments

(secon5.1.2),theSTRASAproject(secon5.3.1),and

theCSISAproject(secon5.3.2).

Inconclusion,whereasthebasicbackground

researchstartedwithpredominantlysciencepartner-

shipssomemeinthemid-1970s,nowsome3.5mil-

lionfarmersIneasternIndiaandBangladeshbenet

fromnewlydevelopedsubmergence-tolerantrice

varieesthroughpredominantlydevelopmentpart-

nerships(Fig.3.3).UnderGRiSP,partnershiparrange-

mentswererecentlyextendedintoAfricatoinclude

(orsetup)localbreedingandseeddistribuon

partnerstodevelopanddisseminateAfricansubmer-

gence-tolerantvariees.Breedersandscienstsare

nowalsodevelopingthenextgeneraonofstress-tol-

erantvarieesinwhichgenesthatconfertoleranceto

dierentstressesarecombinedintothesamevariety.

Anexampleofthisso-calledtwo-in-oneisthepyra-

midingofgenesfortoleranceofsubmergenceandof

salinitytodevelopvarieessuitableforareasthatget

inundatedwithsalinewater(e.g.,incoastalzones).

4 Keypartnertypes

4.1 GRiSP founding and coordinangpartners

GRiSPismanagedandcoordinatedbyitsfounding

partners,IRRI,AfricaRice,CIAT,Cirad,IRD,andJIRCAS,

throughtheirequalparcipaoninGRiSPsProgram

PlanningandManagementTeam(eachpartnerhas

onerepresentaveatthelevelofdeputydirectorgeneralforresearchoratthelevelofdirectoror

researchprogramleadership).Secons4.4.1and4.4.2

provideadescriponofthespecicpartnershiprole

ofCirad,IRD,andJIRCAS.Otherpartnerscontribute

toplanningandimplementaonprocessesthrough

variousmechanisms,suchasparcipaononGRiSPs

oversightcommieeandonthemanysteeringand

Fig. 3.3. Submergence-tolerant variety Swarna-Sub1 (le) growing in a farmers eld in Uar Pradesh, India, alongside a local variety (right) aer

12 days of inundaon.

AbdelIsmail

,IRRI


13/40


Fig. 4.1. An Embrapa rice breeder in Uruguayana, Brazil, demonstrates

new rice breeding lines. GRiSP facilitates the exchange of germplasm

across connents.

advisorycommieesofthevariousprojects,consor-

a,andnetworksthatareembeddedwithinGRiSP

(seesecon5).

4.2 Naonal agricultural research andextension systems

Thenaonalagriculturalresearchandextension

systems(NARES)havebeenthekeypartnersofIRRI,AfricaRice,andCIATfordecades,primarilythrough

collaboraveprojects,networksandconsora,and

scienceandextensioncapacitybuilding.NARES

partnersrangefromthosethatemergefromnaonal

conicts(suchasLiberia)andthusrequiremajorassis-

tancetothosewithstrongnaonalriceR&Dcapabili-

esinAfrica(e.g.,Egypt),Asia(e.g.,China,India),and

LanAmerica(e.g.,Brazil).NARESarekeypartnersin

GRiSPasitsacviesareconductedtoalargeextent

throughtheiracveinvolvementinresearchprior-

itysengandimplementaonofR&Dacviesontheground.MostpartnershipswithNARESandother

sectorsareimplementedthroughGRiSP-embedded

regionalnetworks,projects,andconsora,which,

throughtheirsteeringcommieescomposedofa

widerangeofpartners,alsoplayanimportantrolein

sengpriories,overseeingGRiSPresearch,andlink-

ingitwithnaonalsystemsandinvestments.

4.3 Strong naonal research systemsThenaonalresearchsystemsintheso-calledBRIC

countries(Brazil,Russia,India,andChina)arevastandhavemaderapidadvancesinrecentyears.InAfrica,

EgypthasexcellentriceR&Dcapacitythathasresult-

edinthehighestaveragericeyieldintheworld,and

thisexperienceneedstobetappedinirrigatedrice-

basedsystemsinsub-SaharanAfrica.Hence,these

countriesplayanincreasinglystrategicroleinGRiSP.

4.3.1 Brazil

KeypartnersforGRiSPinBrazilaretheEmpresa

BrasileiradePesquisaAgropecuria(Embrapathe

BrazilianAgriculturalResearchCorporaon)andtheInstutoRioGrandensedoArroz(IRGA),andvarious

selecteduniversies.CollaboraonwithEmbrapafo-

cusesonfunconalgenomics(Theme1);breedingof

stress-tolerantvariees(Theme2;Fig.4.1);improving

uplandsystems,includingaerobicricegrowninrota-

onwithothercrops(Theme3);valuechainsoluons

(Theme4);andinformaonplaorms(Theme5).

GRiSPstrivestoextendthecooperaonwithEmbrapa

intheAfrica-BrazilAgriculturalInnovaonsMar-

ketplace.IRGAspecializesinintensive,mechanized

irrigatedriceproduconundertemperatecondi-ons.CollaboraonwithIRGAfocusesongermplasm

andstaexchange,varietaldevelopment(including

hybridrice),managementconceptsandsoluonsfor

ecologicalintensicaon(Theme3),andoutscaling

ofagronomicbestmanagementpracces,including

extensionstrategiesandlearningalliances(Theme6).

4.3.2 Russia

RiceareainRussiaisrelavelysmall.Partnerships

withGRiSPconcentrateongermplasmimprovement

fortemperatericesystemsandtrainingofyoungRus-sianscienstsatIRRI.Russia,throughtheAll-Russian

RiceResearchInstute,alsoplaysaleadingroleinthe

TemperateRiceResearchConsorum(secon5.1.3),

andisanewdonortothisconsorum.

4.3.3 India

Indiaisoneofthemostimportantpartnercountries

forGRiSP.Atpresent,some170partnershipsexist

betweenIRRIandIndianinstuonsandorganiza-

ons.Theseincludeover40researchinstuons

belongingtotheICAR(IndianCouncilforAgriculturalResearch)system(e.g.,DRR,CRRI,CSSRI,IARI),uni-

versies,andothers.Ontheotherhand,some130

acvepartnershipsonadapnganddisseminang

newtechnologiesandinformaoninvolveothergov-

ernmentenessuchastheNaonalFoodSecurity

Mission,theNaonalSeedCorporaon,manystate

agriculturalandotheruniversies,thedepartmentsof

agricultureof11Indianstates,about25district-level

extensioncenters(KrishiVigyanKendras;KVK),25

BasBouman,

IRRI


14/40

8

grass-roots-levelNGOsandfarmersassociaons,and

nearly40smallandlargeprivatecompaniesinvolved

inseeds,machinery,andotherinputs.Manyofthese

arelocaldevelopmentpartnersparcipanginrecent

regionaliniavessuchasSTRASA(secon5.3.1)and

CSISA(secon5.3.2),withemphasisonnewdelivery

systems.GRiSPthusplaysasignicantcatalycrole

forenablingnewmulsectorpartnershipsinIndia,

supporngotherandusuallymuchlargergovernment

investmentsinthedevelopmentofthericesector.

ICARwillactasanodalpointforGRiSPresearchacvi-

esinIndiaandhasidenedGRiSPproductlines

(PLs)1.2,1.3,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,and

5.1asareasofmajorinterestforresearchcollabora-

on.ThroughIRRI,GRiSPwillholdregularreviewand

planningmeengswithICARandotherkeyresearch

partnersinIndiatopriorizeresearch,ensureac-

veparcipaonofIndianscienstsinspecicGRiSP

products,andimprovefundingandsupportmecha-

nismsforcollaboraon(secon7.1).Moreover,ICAR

isalsointerestedinparcipanginternaonally,for

example,throughstaexchangeandsecondingscien-

stsandotherprofessionalstatoAfricaandother

regions,forwhichGRiSPmayprovideanappropriate

newumbrella.Sciencecapacity,includingsandwich

scholarships,internships,andshortcourses,isalsoa

majorcomponentofGRiSPIndiacollaboraon.

4.3.4 China

Chinahastheworldslargestriceresearchcapacityandisincreasinglyengagedinricesystemsdevelop-

mentworkoutsideChina.Nearly40Chineseresearch

instuons,universies,andotherenescollabo-

ratewithGRISP,parcularlyinareassuchasgenedis-

coveryformolecularricebreeding(PL1.2and1.3);C4

rice(PL1.4);thedevelopmentofstress-tolerantvari-

eesandhybridswithhighyieldpotenal(PL2.4and

2.5);water,nutrient,andpestmanagementconcepts

andtechnologiesforecologicalintensicaonand

diversicaon(PL3.1and3.2);ecologicalengineer-

ingforbiologicalcontrolofpests(PL3.1);andclimate

change(PL3.4).Chinawillalsocontributesignicant

newinfrastructuretoglobalgenotypingandpheno-

typingeorts,notablythroughtheChineseAcademy

ofAgriculturalSciences(CAAS),theBeijingGenomics

Instute(BGI),andtherecently(2012)established

CAAS-ShenzenInstuteofBreedingandInnovaon

(CSIRI).TheChinesemolecularricebreedingnetwork

willleadthedevelopmentofnewGreenSuperRice

varieesandmakethoseavailabletopartnersinAsia

andAfrica(PL1.3,2.12.5;secon5.3.3).Chinaalso

playsasignicantroleincapacitybuilding,including

sandwichscholarshipsforChineseandforeignstu-

dents(betweenChineseuniversies/instuonsand

IRRI,AfricaRice,andCIAT).Onesuchprogram,sup-

portedbytheChineseScholarshipCouncil,alreadyex-

istswithIRRI.Moreover,theNaonalNaturalScience

FoundaonofChinawillissueannualcompeve

callsforresearchproposalsfocusingonselectedGRiSP

products.Eachyear,twonew3-yeargrantswillbe

awardedtojointresearchteamsofChineseandIRRI

orotherGRiSPsciensts.

4.3.5 Egypt

Egyptisexpectedtoplayaleadroleinhybridricede-

velopmentinAfrica(PL2.5)andincapacitybuildingat

theRiceTechnologyTrainingCenterforricesciensts

andextensionsta(PL6.1and6.4).Egyptwillalsobeinvolvedindevelopingnewirrigatedrice-basedsys-

temsrespondingtowaterscarcityandclimatechange

(PL3.1and3.4).

4.4 Advanced research instutes indeveloped countries

Partnersfromthissectoraremainlyinvolvedasdirect

researchpartnersinGRiSP,parcularlyinthemes15.

GRiSPcurrentlyhascollaboraveresearchacvi-

eswithover130suchinstuonsinEurope,NorthAmerica,Asia,andAustralia.Theirmainroleliesin

conducngbasicresearchthatisbeyondtheca-

paciesandcomparaveadvantagesofotherGRiSP

partners(see,forexample,theC4RiceConsorum,

secon5.2.4).Mobilizingtheseinstuonswithin

GRiSPisofgreatimportancetodeliveronancipated

science-basedinnovaons.Mostofthepartnerships

withtheseinstutesarethroughbilateralgrantproj-

ectsandarespecictocertainGRiSPproducts,but

somearealsoinvolvedinupstreamresearchnetworks

thatincludeadvancedresearchinstutesfrombothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries.Asexamples,

below,wedescribethestrategicrolesofJapanand

FranceinGRiSP,whichbothhaveaninternaonally

orientedriceR&Dsystem.FranceandJapanhave

contributedgreatlytothedevelopmentofGRiSPand

playacoordinangrolethroughCirad,IRD,andJIRCAS

(secons4.4.1and4.4.2).


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4.4.1 Japan

JapanisastrategicpartnerforGRiSPbecauseithas

oneofthelargestriceresearchanddevelopmentsys-

temsintheworld,withalonghistoryofoutstanding

achievements.NumerousJapanesericeresearchers

workinternaonally,includinginprojectswithIRRI,

AfricaRice,andCIATaswellasinlong-termbilateral

ricesectorinvestmentsinmanycountriesofAsiaand

Africa.

JIRCAS,anincorporatedadministraveagencyun-

dertheMinistryofAgriculture,Forestry,andFisheries

(MAFF)ofJapan,isafoundingandcoordinangpart-

nerofGRiSPandactsasagatewayforGRiSPtothe

Japanesericeresearchcommunity.JIRCASactsasthe

secretariatoftheGRiSPCoordinangCommieeinJa-

pan.ThemissionofJIRCASistoimprovetechnologies

foragriculture,forestry,andsheriesindeveloping

regions.Itconductsanumberofjointresearchproj-

ectsonanequalfoongwithcollaboravepartnersin

25countriesofAsia,Africa,andLanAmerica.Among

themorethan100JIRCASresearchers,23workonim-

portantriceresearchissuessuchasmolecularbiology,

breeding,agronomy,modeling,watermanagement,

foodscience,andsocioeconomics(asof2010).The

improvementofriceproduconinAfricaalsohashigh

priorityforJIRCASasitplaysamajorroleinCARD(Co-

alionforAfricanRiceDevelopment),togetherwith

IRRIandAfricaRice.Exisngandnewmechanismswill

beemployedtoenhancecollaboraonwiththewider

Japanesericeresearchcommunityandthusconnect

itsstrengthsinadvancedresearchtoproductsbeing

developedinGRiSPforpoorricefarmersworldwide.

Thisincludes(1)parcipaoninjointGRiSPacvies/

projects,(2)advancedresearchfundedandconducted

primarilyinJapanbutwithalinktoGRiSP,and(3)

researchcollaboraonthroughtheexchangeofsta

andgraduatestudents.GRiSPcooperateswithabout

15Japaneseresearchanddevelopmentorganizaons,

instuons,anduniversies.Keyareasforresearch

collaboraonwithJIRCAS,variousotherresearchin-

stutesbelongingtothenaonalagriculturalresearch

system(e.g.,NIAS,NIAES,NARO-NICS),andJapanese

universiesarefunconalgenomics(PL1.21.4);

molecularricebreedingforabiocandbiocstress

tolerance(PL2.22.4);temperatericesystems,includ-

ingtheTemperateRiceResearchConsorum(PL2.4);

climatechange(adaptaonandmigaon,PL3.4);

newproductsfromrice(PL4.2and4.3);andsocioeco-

nomicresearch(PL5.1and5.3).

4.4.2 France

InFrance,CiradandtheIRDarefoundingandcoor-

dinangpartnersofGRiSPandactasthegatewayto

thelargerFrenchnaonalagriculturalresearchand

extensioncommunity.Ciradworkswithdeveloping

countriesandregionalandinternaonalorganizaons

totackleinternaonalagriculturalanddevelopment

concerns.Itsoperaons,fromeldtolaboratoryand

fromalocaltoglobalscale,arebasedondevelopment

needs.Its800scienstshavejointoperaonswith

morethan90countries.Ciradprovidesthenaonal

andglobalscienccommunieswithextensive

researchandtrainingfaciliesinMontpellierandin

severalplaormsoverseas.Riceisthersttargetcrop

(commodity)forsome60Ciradsciensts,ofwhom25

areoutpostedinAfrica,Asia,andLanAmerica.Asa

memberofAgreenium,Ciradisalsothegatewayfor

mobilizingotherFrenchagriculture-relatedresearch

andhighereducaoninstuonsforthebenetof

ricescience.InGRiSP,Ciradanditspartnersmainly

focusonricebreedingandtheassociated-omic

sciences(Themes1and2);uniedframeworksfor

analysisoftheenvironmentalimpactofriceproduc-

onsystemsandtheiradaptaontoclimatechange

(Theme3);sustainablewaterandlandmanagement,

conservaon-agriculture-basedricecroppingsystems,

andmodelingtoolsatvariousscales(Theme3);grain

qualityissues,andinnovaveuseofriceco-products,

includinggreenchemistry(Theme4);andinfor-

maonsystemsandanalysisofpublicpoliciesand

dynamicsofricecommoditychains(Theme5).

IRDisapublicscienceandtechnologyresearchin-

stute,reporngtotheFrenchministriesinchargeof

researchanddevelopmentcooperaon.Itisstrongly

involvedinthenaonalresearchsystem,including

universiesandotheradvancedresearchinstutes

(INRA,CNRS,INSERM).Workingthroughoutthetrop-

ics,IRDconductsthreemissions(research,training,

andconsultancy)inclosecooperaonwithitsnumer-

ouspartnercountriestocontributetotheeconomic,

social,andculturaldevelopmentofthecountriesof

theSouth.IRDhasoutpostedstaatCIATandhasim-

portantfaciliesandequipmentindedicatedresearch

centersinFranceandinFrenchoverseasterritories,

andalsoin22intertropicalcountries.IRDhasalong

researchexperienceinriceinthedomainsofgenec

resourcepreservaonandevaluaonmainlyinAfrica

andincollaboraonwithCGIARcenters.InGRiSP,

IRDscontribuonfocusesonThemes1and2,parcu-


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10

larlythedevelopmentofinterspecichybridizaon

andprebreedingforgenediscovery,genomeanalysis

ofAfricanricespeciesO. glaberrima,andcloningof

genesofinterest,withemphasisonpathogenresis-

tancegenes.

4.5 Civil society organizaons

Civilsociety,includingnongovernmentorganizaons(NGOs),farmersassociaons,farmerclubs,and

manyothers,iswidelyinvolvedatthedownstream

endofriceproduconandvaluechainsandisan

essenalpartnerfordisseminaon.Italsoplaysan

importantroleinprovidingfeedbacktoresearchers

andpolicymakersonsengtherightresearchand

investmentprioriesinordertomeetthedemands

ofpoorwomenandmenfarmers.GRiSPcurrentlyhas

acvepartnershipswithwellover100CSOsinmore

than20countries,mainlyasdevelopmentpartners

inThemes2,3,4,and6.SomeinternaonalNGOs,suchastheWorldWildlifeFundandCatholicRelief

Services,arealsoinvolvedinmoreupstreamaspects

ofricedevelopmentandenvironmentalconcerns.

Generallyspeaking,CSOshaveacomparaveadvan-

tageinoperangatthegrass-rootslevelandarethus

wellplacedtoensurefullparcipaonoffarmersand

otherstakeholdersinGRiSPacvies.Theirparcipa-

oniscrucialtoachieveimpact.Suchorganizaons

alsocomplementcapacitybuildingforavoiceatthe

grassroots.ROPPA(theNetworkofFarmersand

AgriculturalProducersOrganizaonsofWestAfrica)hasobserverstatusatAfricaRicesCouncilofMinisters

andNaonalExpertCommieemeengs.

GRiSPseekstoexpanditspartnershipswiththe

CSOsector,includingglobal,regional,naonal,and

localNGOs,farmersassociaons,andothergroups

represenngtheagricultural,social,andenvironmen-

talsector.InallGRiSPregions,GRiSPseekstoengage

acvelywithleadingCSOsinimplemennggrass-

roots-leveldevelopmentwork,ascapturedinTheme

6.GRiSPwillseekmoreinteraconwiththeCSO

sectoroneecvemechanismsforprioritysengand

collaboraon.

4.6 The private sectorTheexpansionofthericeseedsectorisleadingto

anincreaseddiversicaonofriceR&Dsystems.The

privatesectorismakingsubstanalinvestmentsin

specicriceR&Dareassuchasgenediscoveryand

molecularbreedingforhybridricedevelopment,crop

protecon,newmachinery,andriceprocessing/new

productsfromrice.Itisthusgenerangintellectual

property(IP)thatcouldalsobeofadvantagetothe

publicsector.Moreover,privatecompaniesaredevel-

opingandoperangincreasinglysophiscatedcrop

advisorysystemsanddeliverychannelsthroughwhich

itmayalsobepossibletodisseminatepublic-sector

know-how.Forexample,anumberoflargeinterna-

onalcompaniesinthebusinessofsellingseeds,ag-

rochemicals,orfarmmachinerydisseminateGRiSPs

alternatewenganddryingtechnologytofarmers

throughtheirownadvisorynetworkstohelpthem

saveirrigaonwater(Fig.4.2).Hence,newformalre-

searchpartnershipsandcontractualrelaonshipsare

emergingamongthepublicandprivatesector.GRiSP

partnerscurrentlyincludeover110privatecompanies

ororganizaonsrepresenngdierentareasofthe

privatesector.Morethan60%ofthosearesmallto

mediumcompaniesoperangnaonallyorlocally,

collaborangwithinGRiSPonadapnganddissemi-

nangnewtechnologiesorinformaontofarmers

andothers.ThesepartnershipscutacrossallGRiSP

themes,fromupstreamgenediscoveryresearchin

Theme1topartneringwithnumeroussmalllocal

companiesandentrepreneursondelivery(Theme6).

Keymodelsforpublic-andprivate-sectorcollabora-

onwithinGRiSPfollow:

Jointbilateralresearchimplementedthrough

SciencKnow-howandExchangePrograms

(SKEP),focusingonresearchareasthatarepart

oftheGRiSPmissionandareofmutualinterest,

IPsharing,scienst-to-scienstinteracon,and

capacitybuildingforyoungsciensts.SuchSKEPs

donotinvolvecommercializaonagreements,

thatis,theoutcomesofthisworkareavailable

tobothpares.ExamplesincludeSKEPsbetween

IRRIandDuPont(Pioneer),BayerCropScience,

Syngenta,andDevgen.

Mullateral,public-andprivate-sectorconsora

withinnovave,self-sustainedbusinessmodels

forsuchpartnershipsandmanagingintellectual

propertyintheinterestofallparcipantsandto

thebenetofpoorricefarmersandconsumers.

AnexampleforthisistheinternaonalHybrid

RiceDevelopmentConsorum(secon5.1.5),

whichconsistsof32seedcompaniesand32

public-sectorinstuons(asoftheendof2012).

Licensingofintellectualpropertyfromthepri-

vatesectortothepublicsectorandviceversa.


17/40


Thisisanemergingareaanditrequiresclear

guidelines,includingforproductstewardship.

GRiSP,inaccordancewiththeIPpoliciesofthe

parcipangcentersandinstuons,supports

thedevelopmentoftransparentmechanisms

forsharingofIPtothebenetofpoorfarmers

andconsumers.Thiswillalsoincludeguidelines

forjointlicensingofIP,incaseswhereseveralpartnersmayhavecontributedtoadiscoveryor

developmentofaproduct.

Localdeliverypartnershipsthatcapitalizeon

experseandnetworksfordeliveringproducts

andserviceseecvelyandecientlytofarm-

ers.Byworkingwithprivate-sectorpartnersona

nonexclusivebasis,anotherchannelfordeliver-

ingpublicresearchsoluonsisenabled.Insuch

cases,GRiSPresearchpartnersprovideinial

technicalsupportandassistancewithcapacity

buildingfordeliveringnewtechnologies,where-

asprivatecompanies,likeotherpartners,use

theirownresourcestodeliverthesetechnolo-

giestofarmersandalsoprovidefeedbackfor

furtherimprovement.InSouthAsia,forexample,

GRiSPcollaboratescloselythroughtheCSISA

andSTRASAiniaves(secons5.3.1and5.3.2)

withnumerousprivatecompaniesinvolvedin

newagribusinessforprovidingfarmservices

andknowledgeseedsandotherinputs,farm

machinery,customizedservices(cropestablish-

ment,harvesng),marketinformaon,facilita-

onofnance,contractfarming,andother

commercialservices.

4.7 CGIAR centersBesidesIRRI,AfricaRice,andCIAT,severalotherCGIAR

centerscollaborateinGRiSP,forexample:

IFPRIparcipatesinresearchonfoodsupply-

demandmodeling,adoponstudies,cerealsys-

temsinSouthAsia,aspectsrelatedtonutrion

andnutrionallyenhancedcrops,valuechains,

andpolicyconcerns(Themes2,3,4,and5). CIMMYT,ILRI,andIFPRIparcipateinresearch

onimprovingcereal-basedsystemsinSouthAsia

(CSISA,secon5.3.2),includingdiversicaon

(maize,pulses)andcrop-livestockinteracons

(Themes3and6).

WorldFishandIWMIcollaboratewithGRiSP

inprojectsoncoastalzonesandotheraquac

systemsthatinvolvericeandshthroughthe

CGIARResearchProgramsWater,Land,and

EcosystemsandAquacAgriculturalSystems.

4.8 Internaonal organizaonsGRiSPincludescollaboraonwithinternaonalor-

ganizaonsandcenterssuchasFAO,theCentre for

AgriculturalBioscienceInternaonal(CABI),theInter-

naonalCenterforDevelopment-orientedResearchin

Agriculture(ICRA),andtheCoherenceinInformaon

forAgriculturalResearchforDevelopment(CIARD)

movement.CollaboraonwithFAOfocusesonrice

informaonsystems(Theme5),knowledgemanage-

mentfordisseminaonandinnovaveICTapproaches

(Theme6),andlarge-scaledisseminaonofnew

seedsandmanagementtechnologiesinAsiaandAf-

rica(Theme6).CollaboraonwiththeCIARDfocuses

onvirtualextensionandcommunicaonnetworks.

CollaboraonwithCABIfocusesonuniqueglobal

ICTproductsandcapacitybuildingforplanthealth

(Themes3,5,and6).GRiSPcontributesricecontent

Fig. 4.2. A private-sector manufacturer of farm machinery adverses a

transplanng machine (le panel) and disseminates informaon on the

alternate weng and drying technology using eld-water tubes (right

panel) to help farmers save water during an exhibion at Thailands First

Internaonal Rice Science Conference, Bangkok.

BasBouman,

IRRI


18/40

12

Box 1. Farmer parcipatory research for development

AnexampleofsuccessfulfarmerparcipatoryresearchfordevelopmentisprovidedbyGRiSPsacviesinSulawesi,

Indonesia,inacombinedACIAR-fundedprojectandtheIrrigatedRiceResearchConsorum.First,abaselinesurvey

wasconductedintargetvillagestodocumenttheknowledgelevelandsourcesofinformaononcropmanagement

opons,currentfarmingpracces,yieldlevels,andincomegeneratedfromriceproducon.Next,farmerplanning

workshopswereconductedtodiscusstheeldproblemsandagronomicconstraintsgatheredduringthesurveys,and

toidenfy,discuss,andpriorizepossiblesoluons.Alternavetechnologiesforbenchmarkingandtesnginfarmers

eldswereselectedthatincludedsavingwaterusingalternatewenganddrying,integratedpestmanagementto

controlstemborerandotherinsectpests,storingofriceseedsusingtheIRRISuperBag,directseedingofriceusing

adrumseedercoupledwithappropriateweedmanagement,ecologicallybasedrodentmanagement,andtwoap-proachestoferlizermanagement.Attheendofeachcroppingseason,farmersparcipatedinameengwiththesci-

enststodiscusstheresultsoftheeldtrialsandtodecideonthenextseasonsacvies.Neweldtrialswereadded

dependingontheoutcomeofthesemeengs.Duringthesecondcroppingseason,season-longtrainingoffarmers

onintegratedcropmanagementforhigh-yielding

andprotablericeproduconwasimplemented

followingthefarmereldschoolapproach.Aer

evaluangtheadaptedcropmanagementoponsin

theeldtrialsfortwocroppingseasons,thefarmers

decidedthesewerereadyforintegraoninlarger

demonstraonplotsinthethirdcroppingseason.

Aerthat,thenalprojectmeengwasconductedtosummarizetheoutcomesandtoplanforscal-

ingupandscalingoutacviestootherregionsin

Indonesia.

Source:FinalreportIncreasingProducvityinSouthandSouth-

eastSulawesiACIAR-fundedprojectSMAR2007/216,2011,

ACIAR,Canberra,Australia.

toCABIsPlantwiseiniaveandplanthealthclinics.

PartnershipwithICRAfocusesoncapacitybuilding

forpersonsworkinginmulstakeholderplaormsfor

technologydevelopmentordisseminaon(Theme6).

4.9 FarmersRicefarmers(womenandmen)arethemostimpor-

tantulmatebeneciariesofGRiSP(alongwithotherstakeholdersinthericevaluechainsuchasmillers,

processors,traders,andriceconsumersatlarge).

GRiSPcollaborateswithfarmerorganizaonsinsev-

eralofitsprojectssuchasSTRASAandCSISA(secons

5.3.1and5.3.2),andworksdirectlywithfarmersin

manyofitsdevelopment-orientedacvies(Box1).

Atthebeginningofnewprojectacvies,farmers

areinvolvedinneedsandopportunityassessments.

Indevelopingnewricevariees,farmersandfarming

communiesareinvolvedthroughparcipatoryvari-

etalselecon(PVS,inwhichwomenandmenfarmers

expresstheirpreferencefornewlinesontheirown

terms;Box2).Farmerparcipatoryresearchispart

andparcelofmostacviesaimedatdevelopingsuit-

able,pro-poor,andgender-sensivecropandnatural

resourcemanagementtechnologies(e.g.,nutrient

management,watermanagement,pestcontrol,etc.,

inTheme3).Farmingcommuniesareinvolvedin

developingorfacilitangcommunity-basedacvies,

suchasseedbanks,community-basedrodentcontrol

systems,andcommunity-basedwatermanagement.

InmanycountriesinAsia(e.g.,Bangladesh)and

Africa,womenarespecicallyinvolvedinpostharvest

acviessuchasstoring,cooking,processing(par-

Farmers in Sulawesi discussing constraints and possible soluons with

project agronomists.

GrantSingleton,

IRRI


19/40


boilinginNigeria),andselling,andGRiSPacvies

focusondevelopingtechnologyoponsthatsuittheir

needs(Themes4and6).

5Purpose-drivenpartnerships

GRiSPembedsalargenumberofpurpose-driven

partnerships,suchasconsora,plaorms,networks,

andme-boundprogramsand(grant)projects.

Manyofthesepartnershipspredatethefoundingof

GRiSPwhilesomewereestablishedrecentlyasnewGRiSPiniaves.Currently,GRiSPhasmorethan200

me-boundbilateralgrantprojectsthateachinvolve

anumberofpartnerswithwell-denedrolesand

responsibilies.Alltheseprojectsandpartnership

Box 2. Parcipatory varietal selecon

Inconvenonalvarietytesngprograms,

breederschoosethericelinesorgeno-

typesthatwilleventuallybeforwarded

tonaonalriceseleconprogramsfor

releasetofarmers.Mostifnotallstepsinthetesngprocessarecarriedoutat

theresearchstaonandbreedersdecide

whichtraitsareimportant.Inthesystem

ofparcipatoryvarietalselecon(PVS),

however,farmersareinvolvedinthe

seleconofnewplantmaterialsdevel-

opedfromplantbreedingprograms.

Suchmaterialsusuallyincludereleased

culvars,varieesinadvancedstages

oftesng,andadvancedbreedinglines.

InPVS,farmersaregivennear-nishedornishedproductstotestintheir

eldsandthentheygivefeedbackto

thebreeders.PVStrialsareconducted

on-farmandunderthecompletemanagementoffarmers,andhenceprovideinformaonabouttheperformance

ofnewvarieesundertherealcondionsthatfarmersface.PVStrialsincludeformalstepsinwhichfarmersexpress

theiropinionsandpreferencesaboutthevarieesunderevaluaon.Farmersopinionsaresoughtonbothproduc-

onandend-usetraits,usingtoolsthatcanemphasizethetraitsimportanttothem.

Source:ParisTR,ManzanillaD,TatlonghariG,LabiosR,CuenoA,VillanuevaD.2011.Guidetoparcipatoryvarietalseleconforsubmergence-tolerantrice.LosBaos(Philippines):InternaonalRiceResearchInstute.111p.

arrangementsarealignedwith,andcontributeto,the

productdevelopmentandoutcomesofGRiSP.Nested

withinGRiSP,however,eachofthesehasitsownset

ofspecicobjecves,operaonalframework,and-

nancial(orfunding)arrangements.Somepartnerships

engageinrelavelyupstreamscienceandarelocated

ontheveryle-handsideoftheimpactpathway(Fig.

5.1),othersaremainlydevelopment-orientedandare

locatedontheright-handsideoftheimpactpathway,

whileyetothersareamixtureofbothandarelocated

inthemiddle.Inthissecon,GRiSPsmainembeddedpartnershipsaredescribedtoillustratethediversityin

purposeandarrangementsofpartnershipsinGRiSP.

Thislistisbynomeansexhausvebutismeanttogive

aavorofthediversityofarrangements.

Female rice farmers in Africa engaged in parcipatory varietal selecon evaluate new

rice germplasm on their own terms.

Ram

aRaman,

AfricaRice


20/40

14

Fig. 5.1. Indicave posion of selected GRiSP networks, consora, plaorms, and large projects on the overall impact

pathway.

Genes, varieties,

management

technologies,

information

gateway, models,

data tools,

capacity, etc.

Products

locally

adapted and

promoted by

public, NGO,

and private

sector

Products

adopted by

farmers, value

chain actors,

policymakers,

other

stakeholders

Increased pro-

duction of

nutritious rice

Increased

resource-use

efciency

Improved food

security

CGIAR-level

outcomes

Science partnerships

Theme 1 ------ Themes 2, 3, 4 -------------------------------------- Theme 5 Theme 6

GRiSP


Farmers: 1,000s 10,000s 100,000s Millions

Development partnerships

Improved

nutrition and

health

Reduced rural

poverty

Increased

sustainability

Stable and

affordable

price of rice


Irrigated Rice Research Consortium

Consortium for Unfavorable Rice Environments

Stress-Tolerant Rice for Africa and South Asia

Africa-wide task forces and development hubs

Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice

Hybrid Rice Research and Development Consortium

International Network for the Genetic Evaluation of Rice

C4

Rice Consortium

International Rice Functional Genomics Consortium

OryzaSNP

International Network for Quality Rice

Phenotyping Network

Sustainable Rice Platform

Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia

Temperate Rice Research Consortium


21/40


5.1 Regional consora and networks for

development

5.1.1 Irrigated Rice Research Consorum

Establishedin1997,theIrrigatedRiceResearchCon-

sorum(IRRC)providesaframeworkforpartnership

betweenIRRI,NARES,andtheprivatesectorinAsian

countries(www.irri.org/irrc).TheIRRCstrivestoen-surethatAsianricefarmersinirrigatedenvironments

benetfromtechnologiesarisingfromresearch.It

developspartnershipstoidenfythenaturalresource

managementneedsofricefarmers,andsoluonsto

theirproblems,andtofacilitatethedevelopment,ad-

aptaon,andadoponofsuitabletechnologies.The

IRRCsvisionistoprovideaplaormoftechnologies

toaregionalcommunityofusersinAsiatoimprove

livelihoodsandincreasericeproduconneededto

maintainfoodsecurity.Itaimstoscaleoutsuccessful

technologyoponsinpartnershipwithNARESand

otherstakeholders,strengthencapacityofNARES

partners,andfosterinnovaveresearchonnatural

resourcemanagementofirrigatedrice-basedcropping

systems.

Between2009and2012,theIRRCoperated

throughsixthemacworkgroups:Producvityand

Sustainability,Water-Saving,LaborProducvity,Post-

harvest,CropHealth,andClimateChange.ThePost-

harvestworkgrouphasbeenusingtheparcipatory

impactpathwayanalysis(PIPA)approachtoidenfy

andmobilizepartnersforoutscalingandupscalingof

itsresearchresults(Box3).Thesteeringcommieeof

theIRRCiscomposedofNARESrepresentavesfrom

Box 3. Parcipatory impact pathways analysis

Aparcularlypowerfulmethodtoidenfyandmobilizepartnersforresearch-for-developmentacviesisembedded

intheso-calledPIPA(parcipatoryimpactpathwaysanalysis)process(hp://boru.pbworks.com/w/page/13774903/

FrontPage):A projects impact pathway describes how the project will develop its research outputs and who outside

the project needs to use them to achieve developmental outcomes and impact. Part of the process of developing im-

pact pathways involves project sta and stakeholders working together to map how knowledge and research products

must scale out and scale up to achieve the projects development goals. PIPA begins with a parcipatory workshop

where stakeholders make explicit their assumpons of how their project will achieve an impact. Parcipants construct

problem trees, carry out a visioning exercise, and draw network maps to help them clarify their impact pathways.

Thenetworkmappingexerciseconsistsofidenfyingcurrentprojectpartners,butalsothosewhowouldneedtobe

broughtintotheprojecttoplayvitalrolesinup-andoutscalingprocesses.Themappingprocesscanalsospecifythe

roleseachpartnerisexpectedtoplay,andidenfymeansofengagement.

Postharvest PIPA Workshop. A group of value-chain stakeholders drawing a map of the postharvest network and discussing roles and responsi -

bilies of each partner (le), and their nal product (right) showing project partners and those actors that need to be inuenced to achieve the

long-term project goals.

Postharvestunit

,IRR

I


22/40

16

Asianmembercountriesanddonorrepresentaves

(Fig.5.2).Itprovidesdireconandguidancetothe

consorumandisitsmainpolicy-makingbody.

Bytheendof2012,theIRRCcomprisedmore

than30partnerinstuonsinninecountries:Bangla-

desh,Cambodia,China,Indonesia,LaoPDR,Myanmar,

thePhilippines,Thailand,andVietnam.However,the

mainbilateralfundingfortheIRRCstoppedattheend

of2012,anditwillbereorganizedasapartnership

plaormunderGRiSPtofacilitateknowledgeex-

changeandcross-projectandcross-countrylearning.

5.1.2 Consorum for Unfavorable Rice Environments

TheConsorumforUnfavorableRiceEnvironments

(CURE)isaregionalplaormforpartnershipsamong

instuonsledbyIRRIandNARESfromSouthand

SoutheastAsia(www.irri.org;clickonPartnershipsto

ndCURE).CUREfocusesonricefarmingsystemsin

whichlowandunstableyieldsarecommonplaceandextensivepovertyandfoodinsecurityprevail.Itisa

plaormwithinwhichNARESandIRRIresearchers

partnertogetherwithfarmersandextensionwork-

erstotacklekeyproblemsatsitesrepresentaveof

thediverseecosystems.Itsstrategyinvolveson-site

farmerparcipatoryresearchlinkingscienstsfrom

NARES,internaonalresearchcenters,andadvanced

researchinstutesusingamuldisciplinaryapproach

fortechnologygeneraon,validaon,anddissemina-

on.

Fig. 5.2.Annual workshop and meeng of the steering commiee of the Irrigated Rice Research Consorum (IRRC), Vienane, Laos, 2012.

CUREalsocloselycollaborateswithlocalgovern-

mentunitsandnongovernmentorganizaonsto

disseminatetechnologiesoverawiderarea.CURE-

facilitatedresearchisconductedwithinmuldisci-

plinaryworkinggroups.Thesegroupsmeetregularly

toreviewandplanresearchacvies,idenfyand

testsuitabletechnologies,prepareprojectpropos-

als,monitorresearchacvies,andreportprogress.

OversightforCUREisprovidedbyasteeringcommit-

teewithseniormembersfromNARESpartnersfrom

theparcipangcountries.

Attheendof2012,themembershipofCURE

comprised26instuonsin10countries:Bangladesh,

Cambodia,India,Indonesia,LaoPDR,Myanmar,Ne-

pal,thePhilippines,Thailand,andVietnam.

5.1.3 Temperate Rice Research Consorum

TheTemperateRiceResearchConsorum(TRRC)aims

toovercomeproduconconstraintsintemperaterice-growingareasthroughcollecveresearcheorts

(www.irri.org;clickonPartnershipstondtheTRRC).

Theconstraintsaddressedincludebothbiocandabi-

ocstresses,yieldpotenal,grainqualityandnutri-

on,andwaterandnutrientmanagement.TheTRRC

wasfoundedtocollaborateonresearch,training,and

technologygeneraonacviesdesignedtomeetmu-

tuallyagreeduponobjecves.Itspecicallyaimsto

Provideaninternaonalplaormandmecha-

nismthatsupportsresearchandstrengthensthe

JoelJaniya,

IRRI


23/40


partnershiptopromotetheapplicaonofsuit-

abletechnologiesandinformaontoimprove

sustainablericeproducon.

Serveasaplaormforidenfyingandprioriz-

ingconcernsoftemperatericeresearchintem-

perateenvironmentsandhigh-altudeareasin

thetropicsthatgenerateinternaonal/regional

publicgoodsforimprovingrurallivelihood.

ProvidelogiscalsupportandcoordinateNARES-

IRRI-ARIstrategicresearchcollaboraon.

Promoteresourcesharingandinformaonex-

changeamongpartners.

TRRC-facilitatedresearchisconductedwithinfour

themacworkinggroupsthatmeetannuallytoreview

andplanresearchacvies,idenfyandtestsuitable

technologies,monitorresearchacvies,andshare

progress.

Attheendof2012,themembershipoftheTRRC

comprised18naonalandinternaonalinstuons

from16countries:Australia,Bhutan,Chile,China,

Egypt,Japan,Kazakhstan,Korea,Nepal,thePhilip-

pines,Russia,Spain,Tanzania,theUnitedStates,

Uruguay,andUzbekistan.TheTRRCisguidedby

policiesestablishedbythesteeringcommiee,which

approvestheTRRCsoperaonalpolicies,workplans,

andbudgets,andmonitorstheimpactoftheTRRC.

Thesteeringcommieeconsistsofhigh-leveladmin-

istrators/scienstsofNARES,IRRIsdeputydirector

generalforresearch,andrepresentavesofmajor

sponsoringorganizaons.

5.1.4 Lan American Fund for Irrigated Rice

TheLanAmericanFundforIrrigatedRice(Fondo

LanoamericanoparaArrozdeRiego;FLAR)was

establishedin1995bytheconcertedeortsofvarious

riceproducersassociaonsfromBrazil,Colombia,

Venezuela,andCIAT(www.ar.org).InFLAR,rice

producersassociaons,millingandseedcompanies,

andnaonalpublicresearchprogramscometogether

withtheobjecveofprovidinginnovaveandtech-

nologicalsoluonstotheneedsofricefarmersand

thericeindustry,andtoimprovetheproduconof

irrigatedriceinLanAmerica.Itsmainobjecveisto

increaseirrigatedriceproduconinasustainableway,

consideringparametersofequality,genecdiversity,

economicalandtechnicaleciency,protability,and

lowerunitcosts.FLARworksnotonlyonricebreeding

andgermplasmexchangebutalsoonthedevelop-

mentofotherintegralpartsofthesystem,including

butnotlimitedtocropmanagementtechnologies,

postharvest,alternaveuses,andgrainquality.

FLARinvolvesallthoseenesthatsharethe

missionoftheFund.Eachnewmembercountryis

representedbyoneinstuonofthericesector.This

instuonisresponsibleforensuringtheparcipaon

ofotherenesworkingtopromotericeresearch,

technologytransfer,riceproducon,andmarkeng.

Besidestherepresentavesofthericeinstuons,

thosericeresearchorganizaonsthatshareFLARs

missionandrelatedacviestosupportricedevelop-

mentarewelcometojoinFLAR.

Attheendof2012,FLARcomprised27instu-

onsfromboththeprivateandpublicsector,from

Argenna,Bolivia,Brazil,Colombia,Chile,CostaRica,

theDominicanRepublic,Ecuador,Guatemala,Guyana,

Honduras,Mexico,Nicaragua,Panama,Peru,Uruguay,

Venezuela,andCIAT.

5.1.5 Hybrid Rice Development Consorum

Worldwide,about13%ofallricegrownishybrid

ricevarieesinwhichseedsoftherstgeneraon

ofcrosseshavehigheryieldpotenalcommercially

marketedtofarmers.Sincetheinialreleaseofhybrid

riceinthemid-1970sinChina,IRRIanditsnaonal

partnersinAsiahaveledresearch,development,and

useofhybridricetechnologyinthetropicsforal-

most30years.Manylargemulnaonalandsmaller

naonalseedcompaniesarenowengagedinhybrid

ricebreedingandcommercializaon.Thus,thepublicsectorshouldnowfocusonfosteringpublic-private

partnershipsinwhichpublicinstuonsconcentrate

moreonprebreeding,basicresearchonkeytraits,

informaon,andcapacitybuilding,whereascommer-

cializaonismainlydonebysmallandlargeprivate

enterprises,whichneedtohaveequalaccesstonew

traits,hybridparentallines,pilothybridvariees,

informaon,andothertechnologiesdevelopedbythe

publicsector.

Forthisreason,theinternaonalHybridRiceDe-

velopmentConsorum(HRDC)wasestablishedbyIRRI

in2008asanewmodelforpublic-privatepartnerships

(www.irri.org;clickonPartnershipstondtheHRDC).

Itscurrentmembership(December2012)standsat

32private-sectorand32public-sectorinstuons.

Private-sectormembersoftheHRDCprovidethede-

mand-drivenfeedbackforIRRIshybridriceresearch,

butalsothenancialsupportneededforsustainingit,

incollaboraonwithIRRIsnaonalpartners.Theyre-


24/40

18

ceivetheproductsofthisresearchthroughfee-based,

nonexclusivelicensingmechanisms,whereasthe

publicsectorconnuestohavefreeaccess.Thishas

allowedIRRItodoubleitshybridricebreedingcapac-

ity.HRDCmemberscanalsoparcipateassponsors

ofspecicprojectsandseekbilateralcollaboraon

withIRRIthroughSciencKnow-howandExchange

Programs(SKEPs),whichfocusonjointresearchand

capacitybuilding.GRiSPwillextendsuchpartnerships

withtheaimofprovidingfarmerswithmoreandbet-

terhybrids,qualityseed,andknowledgeandservices

providedbyboththeprivateandpublicsector.Inthis

way,GRiSPwillalsocontributetotheemerginghybrid

ricesectorinAfricaandLanAmerica.

InLanAmerica,hybridricehasthepotenal

toincreaseproducvitybutitneedstomeethigh

grainqualitystandards,haveahighyieldpotenal,

andbeadaptedtocondionsofdirectseeding(both

seedandgrainproducon).Forthispurpose,the

HybridRiceConsorumforLanAmerica(HIAAL)

wascreatedin2012byCIATand13FLAR(secon

5.1.4)members.EachFLARmemberrepresentsone

country.Someofthemarepublicinstuonssuchas

IRGAfromBrazil,INIAfromUruguay,INIAfromChile,

andINTAfromArgenna;othersareseedcompanies

suchasCopraS.A.andPilagS.A.fromArgenna,

HaciendaElPotrerofromPeru,SenumisafromCosta

Rica,SecosaandConagrofromPanama,andGenarroz

fromtheDominicanRepublic;andothersarefarm-

ersorganizaonssuchasFedearrozfromColombia,

ACAfromUruguay,FundarrozfromVenezuela,ANAR

fromNicaragua,andtheConsejoMexicanodelArroz

fromMexico.IntheHIAAL,CIATisresponsibleforthe

inialdevelopmentofparentallinesandexperimental

hybrids,andthepartnersareresponsiblefortesng,

release,seedproducon,andcommercializaon.To

encouragetheuseofelitelocallyadaptedproprietary

lines,aroyalessystemwasestablishedthatrecogniz-

esthecontribuonfromeachparentinahybrid.Each

memberoftheconsorumpaysanannualfeeaccord-

ingtothesizeofthericesectoritrepresents.From

thispayment,amemberreceivesanannualnursery

withexperimentalhybrids,F1seedsfortheinial

stagesoftesng,parentalseedsforlocalproducon

ofF1seedsinthecaseofnear-to-releasehybrids,and

trainingonhybridbreedingandseedproducon.

5.1.6 Africa-wide Rice Task Forces

InAfrica,NARESarekeypartnersinresearchpriority

sengandimplementaonofresearchfordevelop-

mentacvies.Collaboraonisreinforcedthrough

theestablishmentoftaskforces,respondingtocertain

priorityareas.Taskforcesaimtobuildcricalresearch

massregionallyandnaonallyandadoptasystemac

collaboraveapproachtoriceresearchfordevelop-

ment.Forexample,theAfrica-wideRiceBreedingTask

Forcefocusesonthetwoaspectsofspeedingupthe

processofevaluaonforpotenalnewvarieesand

rebuildingAfricascapacityinricebreeding(Fig.5.3).

Italsoanswersthecallforamulenvironmenttest-

ingnetworkforAfricathatisanintegralpartofGRiSP.

AfricaRicefacilitatesthesetaskforces.

Thefollowingtaskforceshavebeenorwillbe

established:

RiceBreedingTaskForce(Themes1and2).

RiceAgronomyTaskForce(Theme3).

RiceProcessingandValueAddionTaskForce

(Theme4).

RiceMechanizaonTaskForce(Theme3).

RicePolicyTaskForce(Theme5).

GenderinRiceResearchandDevelopmentTask

Force(Theme5,cross-cung).

5.1.7 Africa-wide Rice Sector Development Hubs

InAfrica,GRiSPsresearchoutputs(products)willbe

integratedinRiceSectorDevelopmentHubs(good

pracceareas)toachievedevelopmentoutcomesandimpact(Fig.5.4).RiceSectorDevelopmentHubs

involvelargegroupsoffarmers(1,0005,000)and

othervalue-chainactors,suchasricemillers,input

dealers,andricemarketers.Thesehubsaretesng

groundsfornewricetechnologiesandfornewins-

tuonalarrangements(contracng)betweenvalue-

chainactors.Partnerspursueaproofofconcept

approachtoricevalue-chaindevelopment,produc-

vityimprovement,andsustainablemanagementof

naturalresourcesinrice-basedsystems.Theobjecve

istoproducericeorrice-basedproductsthatrespondtoconsumerpreferencesinurbanandruralmarkets

inquanesthatareofinteresttoricetraders,who

wouldusuallyimportsuchproducts.Hubsrepresent

keyriceecosystemsanddierentmarketopportuni-

esacrosssub-SaharanAfricaandwillbelinkedto

majornaonalorregionalricedevelopmenteortsto

facilitatebroaderuptakeofriceknowledgeandtech-


25/40


Fig. 5.3. Africa-wide Rice Breeding Task Force, as of November 2012.

Fig. 5.4. Rice Sector Development Hubs in Africa, according to rice ecosystem: lowland rice, upland rice, and mixed lowland and

upland rice. Hubs as of November 2012.


26/40

20

nologies.Careistakenthatwomenandyoutharenot

marginalized,but,onthecontrary,strengthenedin

theprocessofricevalue-chaindevelopment.Atleast

30RiceSectorDevelopmentHubswillbeestablished

acrossAfricaby2020.

Civilsocietyorganizaons(CSOs)suchasRseau

desorganisaonspaysannes&deproducteursde

lAfriquedelOuest(ROPPA)andEastAfricaFarmers

Federaon(EAFF),andmajorNGOssuchasCatholic

ReliefServices,SasakawaGlobal2000(SG2000),and

Songhaiwillbeinvolvedintechnologyadaptaon

andwide-scalediusioninandbeyondtheRiceSec-

torDevelopmentHubs,andwillprovidefeedbackto

researchersandpolicymakersontechnologyperfor-

manceandresearchandinvestmentpriories.CSOs

haveacomparaveadvantageinoperangatthe

grass-rootslevelandarethuswellplacedtoensure

fullparcipaonoffarmersandothervalue-chain

stakeholders.

Collaboraonwiththeprivatesectormayinvolve

contribuonstostrategicandappliedresearch,orto

proofofconceptworkintheRiceSectorDevelop-

mentHubs.Thiswillincludecompaniesinvolvedin

farminputs(seeds,farmmachinery),creditprovision,

processing,andmarkeng.Privatecompanieswill

alsoserveastechnologydiusionchannels.Thiswill

requirenewformalresearchpartnershipsandcon-

tractualrelaonshipsbetweenthepublicandprivate

sector,anddueconsideraonofissuesrelatedto

intellectualpropertyrights.

5.1.8 Regional Rice Research and Training Center for

West and Central Asia

RiceisanimportantfoodcropintheWestandCentral

Asiaregionanddemandforriceisrisingfast.Since

1980,riceconsumponnearlytripledto9milliontons

in2009,whereastotalriceproduconthatyearinthe

areastoodataround5milliontonsonly.IRRIprojects

thatriceconsumponinthisregionwillincreaseto

12milliontonsby2020and16.6milliontonsby2035.

Hence,thisregionisamongthefastestgrowingworld-

wideintermsofricedemand.

TheRegionalRiceResearchandTrainingCenter

forWestandCentralAsia(RRRTC-WCA)wasestab-

lishedinSeptember2010attheRiceResearchIns-

tuteofIran(RRII)toserveasaregionalhubforrice

scienceanddevelopment.TheRRRTCalsoincludes

satellitenetworklocaonsforriceresearchinpart-

nershipwithotherkeycountriesintheregion.The

geographicfocusisontherice-producingcountriesof

WestandCentralAsia:Afghanistan,Iran,Iraq,Kazakh-

stan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Turkey,Turkmenistan,and

Uzbekistan.Mostofthemarealsomembercountries

oftheEconomicCooperaonOrganizaon(ECO;

www.ecosecretariat.org),whichhasitssecretariat

inTehran.Themissionoftheregionalcenterandits

networkofresearchacviesistoconductadvanced

riceresearchandprovidetrainingtoricesciensts

andpraconersfromthetargetcountries,withan

emphasisonnewproducontechnologiesthatwillbe

requiredtoadaptriceproduconsystemsinthere-

giontoclimacextremesandclimatechange.There-

gionalcenterisexpectedtobecomeagloballyimpor-

tantfacilityforcropimprovement,cropandresource

managementresearch,climatechangeresearch,and

trainingwithinthelargerGRiSPcontext.

TheRRRTCstructureconsists ofaTechnical

ManagementCommiee(TMC),acoordinator,and

anoce.TheTMCwillbecomposedoffullyautho-

rizedrepresentavesofallmembercountriesinthe

regionandarepresentavefromIRRI.TheTMCwill

beresponsibleforoverallmanagementoftheCenters

researchandtrainingagenda.

5.2 Global consora, networks, and plat-forms

Onaglobalscale,variousnetworksconnecthundreds

ofscienstsfrommanyinstuonsandcountries,mostlyengagedinmoreupstreamresearchand

productdevelopment,thoughsomealsoincludea

moredownstreamdevelopmentcomponent.Many

ofthempredateGRiSPbuthavebeenincorporated

intoGRiSPsstructureastheydirectlycontributeto

productdevelopmentand/ortoproductdelivery.A

briefdescriponofthemostimportantconsora,

networks,andplaormsfollows.

5.2.1 Internaonal Network for the Genec Evalua-

on of RiceTheInternaonalNetworkfortheGenecEvaluaon

ofRice(INGER)isaglobalmodelfortheexchange,

evaluaon,release,anduseofgenecresources

undertheInternaonalTreatyonPlantGenec

ResourcesforFoodandAgriculture(hp://seeds.irri.

org/inger).Establishedin1975,INGERisaconsorum

ofNARESofrice-growingcountriesandinternaonal

agriculturalresearchcenters,includingGRiSPscoordi-


27/40


nangCGIARcentersIRRI,AfricaRice,andCIAT.Since

itsincepon,INGERiscreditedforthereleaseof667

varieesin62countries,resulngineconomicben-

etsesmatedatUS$1.41.6billion.Specicobjec-

vesofINGERareto

Maketheworldselitebreedingandgenec

resourcesavailabletoallricescienstsfordirect

useorincrosseswithinbreedingprograms.

Providericescienstswiththeopportunityto

assesstheperformanceoftheirownadvanced

breedinglinesoverawiderangeofclimac,

cultural,soil,disease,andpestcondions.

Idenfygenecresourceswithresistanceto

majorbiocstressesandtoleranceofabioc

stresses.

Monitorandevaluatethegenecvariaonof

pathogensandinsectpests.

Serveasacenterforinformaonexchangeon

howvarietalcharacteriscsinteractwithdiverse

rice-growingenvironments.

Overtheyears,INGERhasbecomearegular

componentandaconstantreliablesourceofelite

breedingmaterialfornaonalandinternaonalrice

improvementprograms.Onaverage,aboutathou-

sandgenecallydiversematerialsareevaluatedyearly

underdierentriceecosystems,andunderdierent

biocandabiocstresses.Morethan600experiment

staonsin80countriesparcipateintheseannual

evaluaons.

5.2.2 Internaonal Network for Quality Rice

TheInternaonalNetworkforQualityRice(INQR)

aimstobringnewsciencetotraitsofquality,to

standardizethemeasureofeachtrait,andtoidenfy

newtraitsofphysical,sensory,andnutrionalqual-

ity(www.irri.org/inqr).ItsmembersincludeNARES

andadvancedresearchInstutesthatworkonrice

throughresearch,qualityevaluaon,breeding,orthe

manufacturingofequipment(privatesector).Assuch,

theINQRconnectsNARESresearcherswithmanyad-

vancedresearchinstutesandtheprivatesector.

Attheendof2012,theINQRcomprised110

membersoperanginallmajorrice-producingcoun-

triesoftheworld.

5.2.3 Phenotyping Network

Futuremolecularricebreedingwilldrawfromvast

publiclibrariesofgenesandallelesforsecond-and

third-generaonmarker-assistedbackcrossing(MAS)

toproducenewricevarieeswithimprovedtraits.

Thoughgenotyping(thedescriponofaplantsge-

nome)ismakingrapidadvances,rapidandlarge-scale

phenotyping(thedescriponofthephysicalappear-

anceorbiochemicalcharacteriscsofplants)iscur-

rentlythebolenecktothediscoveryofusefulgenes

andalleles.Nosingleinstuoncanmusterallthe

environmentsthatriceisgloballyexposedto,norall

thetechnicalcapacityandresourcesneededtophe-

notypethediversegermplasmthatmolecularbreed-

ingwilldrawfromorproduce.Hence,thePhenotyp-

ingNetworkwasestablishedunderGRiSPinMarch

2010,withtheaimtodiscoverandcharacterizenew

genesandallelesinthegenomeofculvatedricethat

willpotenallycontributetoimprovingyieldpotenal

andadaptaontoenvironmentalconstraints,includ-

ingthoserelatedtochangingclimate.Toachievethis

goal,agreed-onpanelsofgenotypesrepresenngthe

exisnggenecdiversityarephenotypedintheeld

andincontrolledenvironmentsformulpletraitsof

interest,throughamulpartnerconsorumcommit-

tedtosharingresourcesandresults.

Attheendof2012,theNetworksmemberswere

IRRI,CIAT,AfricaRice,Cirad,IRD,Embrapa,CAAS,Phil-

Rice,CornellUniversity,andSyngenta.

5.2.4 C4

Rice Consorum

TheC4RiceConsorumhasthespecicobjecveto

developricethatoperateswithaC4photosynthe-

sisprocessinsteadofitscurrentC3process(hp://c4rice.irri.org).Thissuperchargingofthericeplant

isexpectedtoincreaseyieldby2550%andhence

makeahugecontribuontoincreasedriceproduc-

onandimprovethelivesofbillionsofpoorpeoplein

thedevelopingworld.TheC4consorumisagroupof

muldisciplinaryscienstsfromadvancedinstuons

aroundtheworld,organizedinthefollowinggroups:

Bioinformacs:Theaimofthisgroupisto

provideawebportalfortheC4consorumto

allowfreeexchangeofinformaonbetweenthe

researchgroups,toactasarepositoryforinfor-

maongeneratedbytheconsorum,toprovide

adatabaseofC4resourcesforusebytheconsor-

um,andtodevelopinterrogaontoolsforrapid

analysisofbioinformacsdata.Thisgroupisalso

responsibleforbioinformacsandsystemsbiol-

ogyanalysisofpubliclyavailabledataanddata

generatedwithintheproject.


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GenecScreening:Thisgroupaimstoidenfy

genesassociatedwithC4photosynthecproper-

esbyscreeningmutagenizedsorghumplants

andlookingforrevertantstoaC3phenotype

andtoexaminegeneacvaon-taggedlinesof

riceforgain-of-funconC4properes.Various

phenotypingexperimentsarebeingused,includ-

inganatomical,biochemical,andphysiological

assaysthatcanberapidlyappliedtoalarge

numberofplants.

MolecularEngineering:Theaimofthisgroupis

togenerateresourcesthatallowcomponentsof

theC4pathwaytobeintegratedintorice.This

involvesidenfyingpromotersthatgenerate

mesophyll-orbundlesheath-specicaccumu-

laonofproteins,invesgangwhethersmall

RNAsareinvolvedincell-specicaccumulaon

ofphotosynthesisproteinsinC4leaves,building

uptheknowncomponentsoftheC4pathwayin

rice,andmanipulangexpressionofatranscrip-

onfactorknowntobeinvolvedincontrolling

photosynthesisgeneexpression.

MolecularPhysiology:Thisgroupaimstochar-

acterizeatamolecular,biochemical,andphysio-

logicallevelthepreciseeectsofmutaon,gene

acvaon,andgeneinserononthephotosyn-

thecfunconofsorghumandriceplants.

Attheendof2012,theC4RiceConsorum

included17advancedresearchinstutesfromnine

countries.

5.2.5 Internaonal Rice Funconal Genomics Consor-

um and the OryzaSNP Consorum

TheInternaonalRiceFunconalGenomicsCon-

sorum(IRFGC)wasformedin2003followingthe

publicaonofdrasequencesoftworicesubtypes

bytheInternaonalRiceGenomeSequencingProj-

ect(hp://irfgc.irri.org).Theconsorumfacilitates

researchinpostsequencingfunconalgenomicsand

establishesanintegratedonlinenetworkofricefunc-

onalgenomicsdatabases.Theconsorumincludes

memberinstutesinChinaandIndia,aswellasIRRI

andCIAT.

In2006,theIRFGCiniatedtheOryzaSNPCon-

sorumtoprovidethericeresearchcommunitywith

extensiveinformaonongenecvariaonpresent

withinandbetweendiversericeculvarsandland-

races,aswellasthegenecresourcestoexploitthat

informaon(www.oryzasnp.org,www.news.colostate.

edu/Release/1175).WithOryzaSNP,theInstutefor

GenomicResearch,PerlegenSciences,Inc.,andIRRI

joinforcestounlockthegenecsecretsofrice,which

couldhelpimprovericecropsandalleviatehunger

andmalnutrionformillionsofpeople.Theconsor-

umwillfocusonthegenecbasisunderlyingimpor-

tantagriculturaltraitssuchasthenutrionalvalue

anddiseaseresistanceof21diverselines,orvariet-

ies,ofricebyidenfyingandcomparingdierences

inDNAsequences.Theconsorumhasgenerateda

largefraconofthesinglenucleodepolymorphisms

(SNPs)presentinculvatedricethroughwhole-

genomecomparisonsof20ricegenomes,including

culvars,germplasmlines,andlandraces.TheSNP

dataareenrelypublicandcanbeusedtoidenfy

acolleconofSNPsforundertakingwhole-genome

scans.

5.2.6 Internaonal Rice Blast NetworkRiceblast(causedbyMagnaporthe oryzae)isoneof

themostdestrucvericediseasesworldwide.Over

theyears,anewsetofdierenalvarieeswith

monogeniclinesthatinclude23resistancegenes

hasbeendevelopedandreleasedincollaboraon

betweenIRRIandJIRCAS.Since2006,theJIRCAS-led

BlastResearchNetworkforStableRiceProduconhas

usedtheselinestotrytoenhancethesustainability

ofriceproduconbymonitoringresistanceagainst

blastdiseaseusingauniversaldierenalsystem.

Adierenalsystemisabasictoolforunderstand-inghost-pathogeninteracons,whichconsistsofrice

varieescarryingasinglegeneforblastresistanceand

blastisolatesdieringincorrespondingavirulence/

virulencegenes.TheBlastNetworkworkstowardthe

Diversicaonofstudiesonblastpathogens

andresistanceinricevariees.

Developmentofnewdierenalvariees.

Seleconofstandarddierenalblastiso-

lates.

Designofacommonevaluaonsystemfor

pathogenicityofblastisolates.

Developmentofanewdesignaonsystemfor

blastraces.

Idencaonofnovelresistancegenes.

Attheendof2010,theBlastResearchNetwork

consistedofnineresearchcentersandoneuniversity

fromsixcountries,China,Vietnam,LaoPDR,Bangla-

desh,thePhilippines,andIndonesia,inaddionto

fourinstutes,IRRI,AfricaRice,theNaonalInstute


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ofAgrobiologicalSciences(NIAS),andJIRCAS.This

networkcollaborateswiththeTemperateRiceRe-

searchConsorum(TRRC)(secon5.1.3).

5.2.7 Sustainable Rice Plaorm

TheSustainableRicePlaorm(SRP),launchedin2011,

isaglobalmulstakeholderplaorm,co-convenedby

theUnitedNaonsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)andIRRItopromoteresourceeciencyandsustain-

abletradeows,produconandconsumponopera-

ons,andsupplychainsintheglobalricesector(Fig.

5.5).TheSRPaimsto

Developandpromoteasetofgloballyrelevant

principles and best pracces (oraglobal stan-

dard)forsustainablericeproducon(including

postharvestpracces).

Developandpromotequanablesustainability

targetsthatsuitavarietyofagricultural,social,

andenvironmentalcondionsandthatareat-tainableatthefarmandlandscape/watershed

level.

Developandpromoteasetofdecision-support

systems(atoolbox)fortheassessmentofrice

produconpraccesagainstanarrayofbiophysi-

cal,socioeconomic,andenvironmentalperfor-

manceindicators.

Developandpromotetheadoponofthedevel-

opedprinciplesandbestpracces(oraglobal

standard)forsustainablericeproduconand

thesustainabilitytargetsbyriceproducersandparcipantsinthewholericevaluechain.

TheSRPaddressesitsobjecvesthrougha

processoflearningamongitsparcipantsanddier-

entstakeholders.Thestandardincombinaonwith

thetools andpraccesisintendedtogiveguidance

toproducersandotherparcipantsinthericevalue

chainwillingtoadoptit.Inordertopromoteuptake,

theSRPaimsatevolvingintoavoluntarymarket

transformaoniniaveaswellasintoadriverforthe

creaonofdierentincenvestructuresinthepublic

orprivatearena.Movingforward,theSRPwillbe

fullyalignedwithnaonal,regional,andinternaonal

programsinthericesector.Organizaonscanadhere

totheplaormbycommingthemselvesformallyto

contribute,eithernanciallyorinkind.Attheendof

2012,memberswerevegovernmentsandgovern-

mentalbodies,10researchinstutes/NGOs,andsix

internaonalandthreeAsia-basedcompanies(trade,

foodprocessors/manufacturers,inputsuppliers,and

retail).

5.3 (Large) Time-bound projectsGRiSPincludesmorethan200bilateralgrantprojects.

Here,abriefdescriponisgivenofthreelarge(in

termsofnancialsize,volumeofwork,andnumber

ofpartners)researchfordevelopmentprojects.

5.3.1 Stress-Tolerant Ric

Documents

Partnership in motion