3.3 Parts of the Cell Key CONCEPTS:1. What are the cells structures and what are their functions?Language/Vocabulary:*Draw analogies between the cell and a city*Create our own analogies in a project

Nucleus• Only found in eukaryotic cells

• Control center or “brain” of cell

• Contains genetic information

• What molecule does the nucleus contain?

Nuclear Structures• The nuclear envelope

(membrane) surrounds

the nucleus

• What is the function of

the nuclear membrane?

- Allows messages from

nucleus to organelles to

pass through.

• The nucleolus is an

organelle inside the

nucleus

• Its function is to make

ribosomes for the cell

Cytoplasm• Area in between the nucleus

and cell membrane

• Made of a jelly-like substance

called cytosol

• Found in prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells

• What is the function of

cytoplasm?

– Holds the

organelles in place.

Draw a diagram of cell below

showing: cell membrane,

nucleus and cytoplasm.

Ribosomes

• Small round organelles

• Found in prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells

• What is the function of

ribosomes?

Ribosomes make

proteins!

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Network of membranes that surround the

nucleus

Two kinds:

1. Rough ER – has ribosomes on it

2. Smooth ER - no ribosomes

attached

The ER

transports proteins and lipids around

the cell

What types of cells have ERs?

EUKARYOTES

Golgi Apparatus• Group of flattened membranes

• Processe, packages, and ships

out (exports) cell products

Ex. Proteins

• AKA Golgi bodies

• What types of cells have a Golgi

apparatus?

• Eukaryotes

Lysosomes

• Small round organelles

• Mostly found in animal

cells

• Lysosomes are:

digestive organelles

• Breakdown molecules

for parts

• Eliminate:

waste products

• What organ system would

they be related to in

humans?

Mitochondria

• Large oval organelle

• Provide:

energy for the cell

• Used in cellular respiration

• Convert organic molecules to

energy molecules

Glucose Energy

• What does organic mean?

- contains the element carbon

Cilia• Cilia are short hair-like

projections on cells

• What is the function of

cilia?

• CELL MOVEMENT

• What kinds of cells have

cilia?

• Protists

(paramecium) and

animal cells

Flagella

• Flagella are long whip-

like tails on cells

• What is the function of

flagella?

• What kinds of cells

have flagella?

CELL MOVEMENT

Chloroplasts

• Large green organelles

that conduct the process

of:

photosynthesis

Produce sugar using light

energy.

• Glucose:

________________

• What kinds of cells have

chloroplasts?

• PLANTS!

Vacuole

Large organelle in plant cells

– Store WATER and waste products

– Help give plant cells their shape

• Animal cells may also have one or

two smaller vacuoles

• Can also store POISON in plants.

Cell Wall• Rigid structure that surrounds

the outside of cells

• Protects the cell

• Gives cells shape

• What types of cells have cell

walls?

Cell Membrane

• Semi-permeable structure that

surrounds the cell

• What does semi-permeable

mean?

• Allows some materials to pass

through

• Function:

Controls what enters and exits

the cell

• Found in all cells

• AKA : the plasma membrane

Cell MembraneMade of a bilayer of

phospholipids

• Phospholipids have

hydrophobic (fearing) tail

and hydrophilic (loving)

head

The cell membrane also has

proteins in it to help move

molecules in and out of

the cell