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Institut Teknologi Bandung

Passive systems for energy savings of buildings in tropical climate

Dr. Lídia Rincón

20/01/2018

2Institut Teknologi Bandung · 29/01/2018


Contents• Bioclimatic architecture• Passive design in hot climates• Energy simulation of an office building



Thermal comfort• Mechanisms of heat loss or transfer:

Source: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/egee102/

Conduction Convection Radiation

Passive design



Thermal comfortPrimary factors that directly affect energy flow and thermal comfort:

Air temperature

Air velocity,

Air humidity,

Mean radiant temperature of the walls, ceiling and floor,

Personal parameters of metabolism (human activity),

Clothing insulation.

Source: Hausladen, G. & Tichelmann, K., 2010.

Passive design



• Bioclimatic design principles in:• Cold climate conditions

• Avoid thermal losses (thermal insulation)• Maximize heat gains (windows, thermal inertia)

• Hot climate conditions• Limit heat gains (solar control and thermal insulation)• Promote thermal losses (ventilation)

Passive design



• Passive cooling– Overheating preventive measures: Heat avoidance

• A. For glazed openings– Orientation– Shading– Glass selection

• B. For the roof– Ventilation– Green roof

• C. For the facades– Color– Shading– Ventilation

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > A. For glazed openings > Orientation

South

RoofEast & WestNorth

SOLA

R RA

DIAT

ION

(kca

l/day

·m2

of g

lass

)

Dimensions:• South facades

optimal for solar collection. Need for solar protection during summer.

• North facades small openings.

• East and west facades solar protection as a key component.

• Roof avoid openings without solar protection.

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > A. For glazed openings > Shading

Passive design




Passive design




Organic materials in facade shading

Barcelona Biomedical Research ParkBC2 building, Melbourne, Australia. Mick Pearce. Photo Copyright City of Melbourne.

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > A. For glazed openings > Shading: living awnings

Summer Winter

Deciduous plants

Trellis Planters

Center of biomedical research,Spain.

Source: MM arquitectos.

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > A. For glazed openings > Glass selectionSolar factor and absorption, reflection, and transmission coefficients for different types of glass.

Source: Courgey & Oliva (2006)

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > B. For the roof > Ventilation

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > B. For the roof > Green roof

London Refurbishment with Basement Project and Green Roof.Architect: McBriar Architecture Ltd.

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > C. For the facades > Color

Source: Courgey & Oliva (2006)

Absorption coefficients: Absorbent material

Transparent material

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > C. For the facades > Color

Traditional house in Ibiza Vejer de la Frontera, Cádiz.

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > C. For the facades > Shading

Renovation of a building with a green facade in Golmès, Lleida.

Photo source: G. Pérez (2010).

Wired double-skin facadein Barcelona

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Heat avoidance > C. For the facades > Ventilation

Passive design



• Passive cooling– Overheating removal measures: Ventilative cooling

• Natural ventilation– Direct ventilation– Cross ventilation

• Naturally forced ventilation– Facade overheating– Roof overheating– Solar chimney– Wind extraction

• Induced ventilation– Wind tower

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Ventilative cooling > Natural ventilation > Direct ventilation

>Cross ventilation

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Ventilative cooling > Naturally forced ventilation > Facade overheating

Greenhouse and Trombe wall as ventilation techniques

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Ventilative cooling > Naturally forced ventilation > Solar chimney

Night view of school central courtyard showing the solar chimneys. Copyrights: Adria Goula Sarda, Ateliers Lion

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Ventilative cooling > Naturally forced ventilation > Wind extraction

High school in Guadalajara, Spain. Cross section. Ascending airflow and angle of the direct solar radiation in winter and summer.

Natural ventilation in British Research Station building. South facade with wind towers.

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Ventilative cooling > Induced ventilation > Wind tower

"Dowlat-abad" in Yazd.

Passive design



• Passive cooling– Direct cooling actions:

• Evaporative cooling– Parks and gardens– Air induction water bodies

• Radiant cooling– Cool roof– Wet roof– Patio

• Conductive cooling– Underground building

• Convective cooling– Night ventilation

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Direct cooling actions > Evaporative cooling > Parks and gardens > Air induction water bodies

Wind tower in a model of a house in Middle East. The air passes through a vessel with water to cool before distribution.

Passive design

Garden with fountains in Alhambra, Granada, Spain.



Patio in Cordoba.

Reflecting roof

Closed windows

White walls

ShadowEvaporative cooling

DAY

NIGHT

Water tankShort wave radiation

Cool air tank

Water tank

Night ventilation

• Passive cooling > Direct cooling actions > Radiant cooling > Patio

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Direct cooling actions > Conductive cooling > Underground building

Underground dwelling with central patio in Portland, Oregon (USA).Source: Neila, 2004.

Natural lighting

Ventilation

Passive design



• Passive cooling > Direct cooling actions > Convective cooling > Night ventilation

NIGHT

Short wave radiation

Cool air tank

Water tank

Night ventilation

Passive design



• Natural lighting for interior spaces:Passive design



• Natural lighting for interior spaces:– Light and solar ducts

• Ducts with internal reflective coat

• Natural light captured at the roof and conducted by reflection to the interior

Passive design



• Natural lighting for interior spaces:– Internal gardens or courtyards

• Amount of natural light depends on the dimensions and internal finishing of courtyards

• The deeper the darker• Light colors and smooth surfaces improve light transmission to lower

windows

Passive design



References• Arquitectura bioclimática en un entorno sostenible. F. Javier Neila González. Ed.

Munilla-Lería. • Arquitectura solar e iluminación natural. Conceptos, Métodos y Ejemplos. Guillermo

Yáñez Parareda. Ed. Munilla-Lería. • ASHRAE. Handbook of Fundamentals. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air

Conditioning Engineers.• Hausladen, G. & Tichelmann, K., 2010. Interiors Construction Manual: Integrated

Planning, Finishings and Fitting-out, Technical Services, Birkhauser Verlag. P. 28.• La conception bioclimatique des maisons confortables et économes en neuf et en

réhabilitation. Samuel Courgey, Jean-Pierre Oliva. Ed. Terre Vivante. 2006.• Integración de materiales orgánicos de origen natural en sistemas de muro cortina. AFL

03/2012. pág. 17-27, Resumen de un TFM. Pablo Garrido, (J.L. Zamora, director). • http://www.greenspec.co.uk/• http://www.detail-online.com/• https://www.e-education.psu.edu/egee102/

http://www.greenspec.co.uk/

http://www.detail-online.com/

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Passive systems for energy savings of buildings in ... · Institut Teknologi Bandung · 29/01/2018. Passive systems for energy savings of buildings in tropical climate ... – Underground