Passive Voice ( Waktu sekarang / Present )Passive Voice adalah kalimat Passif, yang menjelaskan Subyek yang menderita atau dikenai pekerjaan.

Bandingkan Kalimat Passif dengan kalimat aktif Kalimat Aktif : I speak English today. (S+ Verb I+ O/ C). Artinya : Saya berbahasa Inggris. Kalimat Passif : English is spoken by me. (S+ TO BE (am, is, are)+ Verb III+ O/C). Artinya : Bahasa Inggris dibicarakan oleh Saya. The Cake is eaten by her. (S+ TO BE (am, is, are)+ Verb III+ O/ C) Artinya : Kue dimakan oleh nya / dia wanita. PASSIVE VOICE DIGABUNGKAN DENGAN PAST TENSE : Ingat kalau Past Tense diartikan sudah sebagai ciri khasnya. You was helped by him yesterday. Artinya : Kamu sudah ditolong olehnya/ dia laki-laki kemarin. (Past Passive Voice karena menggunkan TO BE lampau). She was loved by her Family. Artinya : Dia sudah dicintai oleh keluarganya. (S+ TO BE (was/ were)+ Verb III+ O/ C). PASSIVE VOICE DIGABUNG DENGAN PERFECT TENSE : Ingat Perfect Tense diartikan telah sebagai ciri khasnya. You have been gone by your Friend. Artinya : Kamu telah ditinggalkan oleh temanmu. (S+ TO BE (Have/ Has)+ been + Verb III + O/ C). She has been cried by her Parents. Artinya : Dia telah ditangisi oleh Kedua orang tuanya. (S+ TO BE (Has/ have) + been + VERB III + O/ C.

Active and Passive Voice Present Perfect TenseActive sentences in the present perfect tense have the following structure: Subject + has/have + past participle form of the verb + object Passive sentences in the present perfect tense have the following structure: Object of the active sentence + has/have + been + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence Changing an assertive sentence into the passive Active: I have written a story. Passive: A story has been written by me. Active: They have built a house. Passive: A house has been built by them. Active: He has broken my window. Passive: My window has been broken by him. Active: I have placed an order for a digital camera. Passive: An order for a digital camera has been placed by me. Active: She has done her work. Passive: Her work has been done by her. Changing a negative sentence into the passive Active: I have not received a telegram. Passive: A telegram has not been received by me. Active: She has not written a story. Passive: A story has not been written by her. Active: She has not cheated anybody. Passive: Nobody has been cheated by her. Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive Passive forms of these sentences will begin with has or have. When the active sentence begins with a question word (e.g. when, where, which, why etc.), the passive sentence will also begin with a question word. When the active sentence begins with who or whose the passive sentence will begin with by whom or by whose. When the active sentence begins with whom, the passive sentence will begin with who. Active: Have you kept the secret? Passive: Has the secret been kept by you? Active: Who has done this? Passive: By whom has this been done? Active: Why have you told a lie? Passive: Why has a lie been told by you? Active: Who has torn my book? Passive: By whom has my book been torn? Active: Have you written the letter? Passive: Has the letter been written by you? Active: Has the policeman caught the thief? Passive: Has the thief been caught by the policeman?

Active: Has the postal department released a new stamp? Passive: Has a new stamp been released by the postal department?

1. Use of the passive voice As explained in the preceding chapter, the Active Voice of a verb is used when the subject of the verb refers to the person or thing performing the action described by the verb. In contrast, the Passive Voice of a verb is used when the subject of the verb refers to the person or thing receiving the action described by the verb. Only a verb which can take an object can be put into the Passive Voice. The Passive Voice is more commonly used in English than it is in other European languages such as German or French. As well as being used in everyday English, the Passive Voice is used extensively in official documents and scientific papers. In the following examples, the verbs in the Passive Voice are underlined. e.g. The ball was struck by the boy. Gold has been found by the explorers. In these examples, the verbs was struck and has been found are in the Passive Voice. The subjects ball and gold refer to things receiving the actions described by the verbs. 2. Formation of the indicative mood of the passive voice For every tense in the Active Voice, there is a corresponding tense in the Passive Voice. In the Passive Voice, the verb to be acts as an auxiliary. The Passive Voice tenses of an English verb are formed from the corresponding conjugations of to be, followed by the past participle of the verb. a. The simple present indicative For instance, the Simple Present Indicative of to be, and the Simple Present Indicative of the Passive Voice of the verb to show are conjugated as follows:

Simple Present Indicative of To Be I am you are he is she is it is we are they are

Simple Present Indicative of Passive Voice of To Show I am shown you are shown he is shown she is shown it is shown we are shown they are shown

b. The other indicative tenses Similarly, the other Indicative tenses of the Passive Voice of the verb to show are conjugated as indicated in the following table. The corresponding tenses of the verbto be are included for purposes of comparison. The verb To Be compared with the Passive Voice of the verb To ShowPresent Continuous I am being you are being he is being she is being it is being we are being they are being Present Perfect I have been you have been he has been she has been it has been we have been they have been Present Perfect Continuous have been being you have been being he has been being she has been being it has been being we have been being they have been being Simple Past I was Present Continuous I am being shown you are being shown he is being shown she is being shown it is being shown we are being shown they are being shown Present Perfect I have been shown you have been shown he has been shown she has been shown it has been shown we have been shown they have been shown Present Perfect Continuous I have been being shown you have been being shown he has been being shown she has been being shown it has been being shown we have been being shown they have been being shown Simple Past I was shown

you were he was she was it was we were they were Past Continuous I was being you were being he was being she was being it was being we were being they were being Past Perfect I had been you had been he had been she had been it had been we had been they had been Past Perfect Continuous I had been being you had been being he had been being she had been being it had been being we had been being they had been being Simple Future I will (shall) be you will be he will be she will be it will be we will (shall) be they will be Future Continuous I will (shall) be being you will be being he will be being she will be being

you were shown he was shown she was shown it was shown we were shown they were shown Past Continuous I was being shown you were being shown he was being shown she was being shown it was being shown we were being shown they were being shown Past Perfect I had been shown you had been shown he had been shown she had been shown it had been shown we had been shown they had been shown Past Perfect Continuous I had been being shown you had been being shown he had been being shown she had been being shown it had been being shown we had been being shown they had been being shown Simple Future I will (shall) be shown you will be shown he will be shown she will be shown it will be shown we will (shall) be shown they will be shown Future Continuous I will (shall) be being shown you will be being shown he will be being shown she will be being shown

it will be being we will (shall) be being they will be being Future Perfect I will (shall) have been you will have been he will have been she will have been it will have been we will (shall) have been they will have been Future Perfect Continuous I will (shall) have been being you will have been being he will have been being she will have been being It will have been being we will (shall) have been being they will have been being

it will be being shown we will (shall) be being shown they will be being shown Future Perfect I will (shall) have been shown you will have been shown he will have been shown she will have been shown it will have been shown we will (shall) have been shown they will have been shown Future Perfect Continuous I will (shall) have been being shown you will have been being shown he will have been being shown she will have been being shown it will have been being shown we will (shall) have been being shown they will have been being shown

c. Summary of the formation of the indicative tenses of the passive voice The following table summarizes the formation of the Indicative tenses of the Passive Voice.Tense Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous** Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous** Simple Future Future Continuous** Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous**

The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Passive VoiceAuxiliary am/is/are am/is/are being have/has been have/has been being was/were was/were being had been had been being will (shall) be* will (shall) be being will (shall) have been will (shall) have been being

Verb Form past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle

* The other modal auxiliaries form conjugations in the same way as shown for will and shall.

** The Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous tenses of the Passive Voice are cumbersome, and are rarely used. Only the more commonly used tenses of the Passive Voice will be discussed below. 3. Questions and negative statements As is the case for other English conjugations, verbs in the Passive Voice form questions and negative statements using the first auxiliary. a. Questions To form a question, the first auxiliary is placed before the subject. For example:Affirmative Statement You were shown the sights. She is being shown the sights. He will have been shown the sights. We should be shown the sights. Question Were you shown the sights? Is she being shown the sights? Will he have been shown the sights? Should we be shown the sights?

See Exercise 1. b. Negative statements To form a negative statement, the word not is placed after the first auxiliary. For example: Negative Statements You were not shown the sights. She is not being shown the sights. He will not have been shown the sights. We should not be shown the sights. See Exercise 2. c. Negative questions To form a negative question, the first auxiliary is placed before the subject, and the word not is placed after the subject. However, when contractions are used, the contracted form of not follows immediately after the auxiliary. Contractions are often used in spoken English. For example: Without Contractions Were you not shown the sights? Is she not being shown the sights?

Will he not have been shown the sights? Should we not be shown the sights? With Contractions Weren't you shown the sights? Isn't she being shown the sights? Won't he have been shown the sights? Shouldn't we be shown the sights? See Exercise 3. 4. Changing the voice of a verb When the verb of a sentence is changed from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice and the other words in the sentence are left unaltered, a change in meaning results. In the following examples, the verbs are underlined. e.g. Active Voice: He is driving to the airport. Passive Voice: He is being driven to the airport. The person referred to by the subject of the first sentence is behaving actively; the person is doing the driving. The person referred to by the subject of the second sentence is behaving passively; someone else is doing the driving. Using the first person singular of the verb to show as an example, the following table compares the most commonly used tenses of the Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice with the corresponding tenses of the Active Voice.Tense Simple Present Negative Statement: Present Continuous Present Perfect Simple Past Negative Statement: Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple Future Future Perfect Simple, with would Perfect, with would Active Voice I show I do not show I am showing I have shown I showed I did not show I was showing I had shown I will show I will have shown I would show I would have shown Passive Voice I am shown I am not shown I am being shown I have been shown I was shown I was not shown I was being shown I had been shown I will be shown I will have been shown I would be shown I would have been shown

See Exercises 4 and 5. 5. Changing the voice of a verb while preserving the meaning of a sentence In order to preserve the meaning of a sentence when the Voice of the verb is changed, it is necessary to alter the order of the words in the sentence. a. Changing the verb from the active voice to the passive voice When a verb which takes an object is changed from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice, in order to preserve the meaning of the sentence, the former object becomes the subject of the verb, and the former subject may be preceded by the preposition by, and placed after the verb. In the following examples, the verbs are underlined, and the direct objects of the verbs are printed in bold type. For instance, in the sentence: The wind is rippling the water. the verb is rippling has the subject wind and takes the object water. When the verb is put into the Passive Voice and the meaning of the sentence is preserved, the former object, water, becomes the subject of the verb, and the former subject, wind, becomes the object of the preposition by, as follows: The water is being rippled by the wind. Other examples are: Active: The squirrel ate the nut. Passive: The nut was eaten by the squirrel. Active: The child will open the parcel. Passive: The parcel will be opened by the child. In the first pair of examples, the verb ate, in the Active Voice, is changed to was eaten, in the Passive Voice. In order to preserve the meaning, nut, the object of the verb in the Active Voice, becomes the subject of the verb in the Passive Voice, and is placed before the verb; and squirrel, the subject of the verb in the Active Voice, becomes the object of the preposition by, and is placed after the verb. Similarly, in the second pair of examples, parcel, the object of the verb in the Active Voice, becomes the subject of the verb in the Passive Voice and is placed before the verb; and child, the subject of the verb in the Active Voice, becomes the object of the preposition by, and is placed after the verb.

See Exercise 6. It should be noted that, when changing the Voice of a verb in a sentence while preserving the meaning of the sentence, it is necessary to make sure that the verb agrees with its new subject. e.g. Active: The boys are mowing the lawn. Passive: The lawn is being mowed by the boys. In the first sentence, the subject boys is plural; therefore a plural auxiliary are is used. In the second sentence, the subject lawn is singular; therefore a singular auxiliary is is used. The agreement of verbs with noun subjects is discussed in the next chapter. b. Changing the verb from the passive voice to the active voice When a verb is changed from the Passive Voice to the Active Voice, in order to preserve the meaning of the sentence, the former subject becomes the object of the verb, and, if the sentence includes a phrase beginning with the preposition by, the former object of the preposition becomes the subject of the verb. e.g. Passive: The clover is being eaten by the cow. Active: The cow is eating the clover. In this pair of examples, the verb is being eaten, in the Passive Voice, is changed to is eating, in the Active Voice. In order to preserve the meaning of the sentence, clover, the subject of the verb in the Passive Voice, becomes the object of the verb in the Active Voice, and is placed after the verb; and cow, the object of the preposition by, becomes the subject of the verb in the Active Voice, and is placed before the verb. Other examples are: Passive: The wine was ordered by the dealer. Active: The dealer ordered the wine. Passive: The deer could have been killed by the poacher. Active: The poacher could have killed the deer. See Exercise 7. c. Changing the voice of a verb which takes both a direct object and an indirect object When a verb in the Active Voice takes both a direct object and an indirect object, either object can become the subject of the verb when the verb is put into the Passive Voice, and the meaning of the sentence is preserved. The object which does not become the subject remains as an object. When a verb in the Passive Voice takes an indirect object, the indirect object is usually preceded by a preposition. e.g. Active: The guide will show you the museum.

Passive: You will be shown the museum by the guide. Passive: The museum will be shown to you by the guide. In the first sentence, the verb will show, in the Active Voice, takes the direct object museum, and the indirect object you. In the second and third sentences, the verb will be shown is in the Passive Voice, and the meaning has been preserved by altering the word order and using the preposition by. In the second sentence, the former indirect object, you, is the subject of the verb, and the former direct object, museum, remains the direct object. In the third sentence, the former direct object, museum, is the subject of the verb, and the former indirect object, you, is preceded by the preposition to. A similar example is: Active: The policeman gave you a medal. Passive: You were given a medal by the policeman. Passive: A medal was given to you by the policeman. In the first sentence, the verb gave, in the Active Voice, takes the direct object medal and the indirect object you. In the second and third sentences, the verb was given is in the Passive Voice. In the second sentence, the former indirect object, you, is the subject of the verb, and the former direct object, medal, remains the direct object. In the third sentence, the former direct object, medal, is the subject of the verb, and the former indirect object, you, is preceded by the preposition to. 6. The subjunctive mood of the passive voice The Passive Voice tenses discussed so far have all been in the Indicative Mood. However, verbs in the Passive Voice can also be put into the Subjunctive Mood. It has been seen that all of the tenses in the Passive Voice are formed using auxiliaries. As has already been explained, the Subjunctive Mood of tenses using auxiliaries is formed by putting the first auxiliary into the Subjunctive Mood. Using the verb to show as an example, the following table illustrates the formation of the tenses of the Subjunctive Mood of the Passive Voice. The Subjunctive Mood of the Passive Voice of the verb To ShowSimple Present I be shown you be shown he be shown she be shown Simple Past I were shown you were shown he were shown she were shown

it be shown we be shown they be shown Present Continuous I be being shown you be being shown he be being shown she be being shown it be being shown we be being shown they be being shown Present Perfect I have been shown you have been shown he have been shown she have been shown it have been shown we have been shown they have been shown Present Perfect Continuous I have been being shown you have been being shown he have been being shown she have been being shown it have been being shown we have been being shown they have been being shown

it were shown we were shown they were shown Past Continuous I were being shown you were being shown he were being shown she were being shown it were being shown we were being shown they were being shown Past Perfect I had been shown you had been shown he had been shown she had been shown it had been shown we had been shown they had been shown Past Perfect Continuous I had been being shown you had been being shown he had been being shown she had been being shown it had been being shown we had been being shown they had been being shown

The following table summarizes the formation of the Subjunctive tenses of the Passive Voice. The Formation of the Subjunctive Mood of the Passive VoiceTense Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Auxiliary be be being have been have been being were were being had been had been being Verb Form past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle past participle

a. Use of the simple present subjunctive Like the Simple Present Subjunctive of the Active Voice, the Simple Present Subjunctive of the Passive Voice is often used in subordinate clauses beginning withthat in sentences which contain formal commands, or requests. As can be seen from the preceding table, the Simple Present Subjunctive of The Passive Voice is formed from the invariable auxiliary be, followed by the past participle of the verb. The following sentences are examples of the use of the Simple Present Subjunctive of the Passive Voice. e.g. I request that he be invited to speak. We asked that our suggestions be considered. They will insist that their colleague be admitted to the association. See Exercise 8. b. Use of the past forms of the subjunctive Like the past forms of the Subjunctive of the Active Voice, the past forms of the Subjunctive of the Passive Voice are used in wishes, and in statements containing false or improbable conditions. e.g. I wish he were allowed to come. It would have been better if they had been invited. In the first example, the Simple Past Subjunctive of the Passive Voice, were allowed, is used in expressing a wish. In the second example, the Past Perfect Subjunctive of the Passive Voice, had been invited, is used in expressing the false condition they had been invited.

In English, verbs may be active or passive. In sentences with active verbs, the subject performs ("does") the action. In sentences with passive verbs, the subject receives the action. (That is, someone or something other than the actual subject grammatically performs the action.) Passive verbs always have at least two parts: a form of BE and a past participle. In the simple present and simple past tenses, only these two parts are used: Simple Present English is used as an international language. These Hints are written on a Mac. "Dave's ESL Cafe on the Web" is maintained by Dave Sperling. Simple Past "Dave's ESL Cafe" was started in 1995. The first Hint of the Day was written about three years ago.

Dave and his wife were married in Thailand. _______________________________________________ Other Forms of the Passive The form of the passive in tenses other than simple present and simple past combines the required form for the tenses with the required form for passive: Present Progressive (BE + -ing verb for present progressive, BE + past participle for passive): This Hint is being prepared on a Macintosh. New WWW sites are being created every day. ______________________________ Past Progressive (was / were + -ing verb for present progressive, BE + past participle for passive): Dinner was being served when I entered the cafeteria. The last tickets were being sold when we arrived at the box office. ______________________________ Present Perfect (has / have + past participle for present perfect, BE + past participle for passive): "Dave's ESL Cafe" has been visited by many people. Many sections have been added to the original "Dave's ESL Cafe." ______________________________

Present Perfect Progressive* (has / have + past participle for present perfect, BE + -ing verb for progressive, BE + past participle for passive): Questions have been being sent to the ESL Cafe's Help Center since its first days on the WWW. His car has been being repaired for more than a week. When will it be ready? ______________________________ Past Perfect (had + past participle for present perfect, BE + past participle for passive): The last tickets had already been sold when we arrived at the box office. Attendance had already been taken before I arrived in class. ______________________________ Past Perfect Progressive* (had + past participle for present perfect, BE + -ing verb for progressive, BE + past participle for passive): Those questions had been being discussed before the president arrived and changed the agenda. Dishes had been being washed by hand before the restaurant got a machine to do that job. ______________________________ Future Perfect (will + past participle for present perfect, BE + past participle for passive):

We're going to be late! Dinner will already have been served by the time that we get there! All of the work will have been finished by late tomorrow. ______________________________ Future Perfect Progressive* (will + past participle for present perfect, BE + -ing verb for progressive, BE + past participle for passive): In March, 2002, these Hints will have been being written for more than four years. We're going to be late! Dinner will have been being served long before we arrive at the restaurant! ______________________________ Present / Future Modal + Passive (modal + BE + past participle): The meeting may be canceled if there are scheduling conflicts Applications will be accepted until 5:00 PM on Friday. ______________________________ Past Modal + Passive (modal + have + past participle, BE + past participle): Your question could have been answered by several different people. Why didn't you ask? His car might have been stolen or it might have been towed by th police. ______________________________

Present / Future Passive Infinitive (to + simple verb for infinitive, BE + past participle for passive): He wants to be elected president. We expect the work to be completed in about an hour. ______________________________ Past Passive Infinitive (to + have + past participle for past infinitive, BE + past participle for passive): He planned to have been elected president by the time he was 40 years old. We expected the work to have been completed yesterday, but it wasn't. _________________________________________ * Special Note: Passives for the progressive forms of perfect tenses are not very common and are actually rather awkward. They should be used sparingly and carefully.

THE PASSIVE VOICE

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Select from the follow ing

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Passive and Active VoicesVerbs are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved the new policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized grammar checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask you to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong with the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode, do so (see exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since passive verb constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual work.

We find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by selfprotective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who use the passive voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were designed to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the ads as opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to children," in which "we" accepts responsibility. At a White House press briefing we might hear that "The President was advised that certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than "The Head of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her agency was auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive construction avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further caution about the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive constructions in the same sentence: "The executive committee approved the new policy, and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised" should be recast as "The executive committee approvedthe new policy and revised the calendar for next year's meeting." Take the quiz (below) as an exercise in recognizing and changing passive verbs. The passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations: When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours. When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours.

The passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse." We use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what becomes the subject in subsequent sentences.The executive committee approved an entirely new policy for dealing with academic suspension and withdrawal. The policyhad been written by a subcommittee on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work before suspension can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW" . ...

The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it is appropriate that policy move from being the object in the first sentence to being the subject of the second sentence. The passive voice allows for this transition.

Passive Verb FormationThe passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design."

Auxiliary Tense Subject SingularPresent Present perfect Past The car/cars The car/cars The car/cars The car/cars The car/cars The car/cars The car/cars The car/cars is

Pluralare

Past Participledesigned.

has been

have been

designed.

was

were

designed.

Past perfect

had been

had been

designed.

Future

will be will have been is being

will be will have been are being

designed.

Future perfect Present progressive Past progressive

designed.

designed.

was being

were being

designed.

A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say "The tin can was crushed by the gorilla." But a perfectly good sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was crushed." Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is recast in the passive, the indirect object can take on the role of subject in the passive sentence:

Activ e Passi ve Passi ve

Professor Villa gave Jorge an A. An A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa. Jorge was given an A.

Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive constructions. Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive structures. To have is the most important of these verbs. We can say "He has a new car," but we cannot say "A new car is had by him." We can say "Josefina lacked finesse," but we cannot say "Finesse was lacked." Here is a brief list of such verbs*:resembl look e like mean lack contai n suit equa agree l with hold comprise fit become

Verbals in Passive StructuresVerbals or verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive). Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor. Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother. Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right.

The same is true of passive gerunds.Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill. Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss. Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by my boss.

With passive participles, part of the passive construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial phrase. [Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways.

Active and Passive VoiceMay 27th, 2009 | Author: Swara Bhaskara

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya. Contoh :

1.

Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa: Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice

2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we menjadi object pronoun us.

3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.4. Ditambahkannya be is di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah). 5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata by. future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan being di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h o di bawah. Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are. Contoh: Active : He meets them everyday. Passive : They are met by him everyday. Active : She waters this plant every two days. Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere Contoh: Active : He met them yesterday Passive : They were met by him yesterday Active : She watered this plant this morning Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi has been atau have been Contoh: Active : He has met them Passive : They have been met by him Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes. Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been Contoh: Active : He had met them before I came. Passive : They had been met by him before I came. Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah be Contoh: Active : He will meet them tomorrow. Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow. Active : She will water this plant this afternoon. Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon. Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi will have been Contoh:

Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow. Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow. Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon. Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi would have been. Contoh: Active : He would have met them. Passive : They would have been met by him. Active : She would have watered this plant. Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.

h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being. Contoh: Active : He is meeting them now. Passive : They are being met by him now. Active : She is watering this plant now. Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being. Contoh: Active : He was meeting them. Passive : They were being met by him. Active : She was watering this plant. Passive : This plant was being watered by her.

j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being. Contoh: Active : He has been meeting them. Passive : They have been being met by him. Active : She has been watering this plant. Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.

k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah had been + being. Contoh: Active : He had been meeting them. Passive : They had been being met by him.

Active : She had been watering this plant. Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.

l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being. Contoh: Active : He will be meeting them. Passive : They will be being met by him. Active : She will be watering this plant. Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah would be + being. Contoh: Active : He would be meeting them. Passive : They would be being met by him. Active : She would be watering this plant. Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being. Contoh: Active : He will have been meeting them. Passive : They will have been being met by him. Active : She will have been watering this plant. Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being. Contoh: Active : He would be meeting them. Passive : They would be being met by him. Active : She would be watering this plant. Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

Contoh-contoh yang lain:

1. Kokos nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedangberdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).

2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesiadikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).

3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami olehadikku beberapa menit yang lalu).

4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanyatelah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).

5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolahmenengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).