PassoverPassover Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

PassoverPassoverPassoverPassover

Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

The PassoverThe PassoverThe PassoverThe Passover

© 2012 Church of God, a Worldwide Association© 2012 Church of God, a Worldwide Association© 2012 Church of God, a Worldwide Association© 2012 Church of God, a Worldwide Association

CHURCH CHURCH of of GODGODA WORLDWIDE ASSOCIATION, INCA WORLDWIDE ASSOCIATION, INC..


FUNDAMENTAL FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFSBELIEFS




Statement from Fundamental Beliefs…Statement from Fundamental Beliefs…Statement from Fundamental Beliefs…Statement from Fundamental Beliefs…

““The Passover is to be observed in the evening, at the The Passover is to be observed in the evening, at the beginning of the 14beginning of the 14thth of Nisan (Abib) in accordance with the of Nisan (Abib) in accordance with the Hebrew calendar as preserved by the Jews. The New Hebrew calendar as preserved by the Jews. The New Covenant Passover symbols instituted by Jesus Christ on the Covenant Passover symbols instituted by Jesus Christ on the night before He died – foot-washing, unleavened bread and night before He died – foot-washing, unleavened bread and wine – are part of this service. Christians follow Jesus wine – are part of this service. Christians follow Jesus Christ’s instruction and example by observing the Passover Christ’s instruction and example by observing the Passover annually as a memorial of His death.”annually as a memorial of His death.”

““The Passover is to be observed in the evening, at the The Passover is to be observed in the evening, at the beginning of the 14beginning of the 14thth of Nisan (Abib) in accordance with the of Nisan (Abib) in accordance with the Hebrew calendar as preserved by the Jews. The New Hebrew calendar as preserved by the Jews. The New Covenant Passover symbols instituted by Jesus Christ on the Covenant Passover symbols instituted by Jesus Christ on the night before He died – foot-washing, unleavened bread and night before He died – foot-washing, unleavened bread and wine – are part of this service. Christians follow Jesus wine – are part of this service. Christians follow Jesus Christ’s instruction and example by observing the Passover Christ’s instruction and example by observing the Passover annually as a memorial of His death.”annually as a memorial of His death.”



Fundamental Belief Statement Fundamental Belief Statement says a lot…says a lot…Fundamental Belief Statement Fundamental Belief Statement says a lot…says a lot…

• There is only one evening to the 14There is only one evening to the 14thth..• There is only one evening to the 14There is only one evening to the 14thth..• We do not observe the Passover in the afternoon We do not observe the Passover in the afternoon

or the morning.or the morning.• We do not observe the Passover in the afternoon We do not observe the Passover in the afternoon

or the morning.or the morning.

• We use the Hebrew calendar as preserved by the We use the Hebrew calendar as preserved by the Jews.Jews.

• We use the Hebrew calendar as preserved by the We use the Hebrew calendar as preserved by the Jews.Jews.

• We do not observe Passover on the 15We do not observe Passover on the 15thth as do the as do the Jews.Jews.

• We do not observe Passover on the 15We do not observe Passover on the 15thth as do the as do the Jews.Jews.

• We observe the NT Passover, therefore, we use the We observe the NT Passover, therefore, we use the symbols that Christ insituted.symbols that Christ insituted.

• We observe the NT Passover, therefore, we use the We observe the NT Passover, therefore, we use the symbols that Christ insituted.symbols that Christ insituted.

• Passover commemorates the death of our Savior Passover commemorates the death of our Savior and not the departure of Israel from Egypt.and not the departure of Israel from Egypt.

• Passover commemorates the death of our Savior Passover commemorates the death of our Savior and not the departure of Israel from Egypt.and not the departure of Israel from Egypt.



Questions to Answer…Questions to Answer…Questions to Answer…Questions to Answer…

What is the Passover? Or, better stated…What is the Passover? Or, better stated…What is the Passover? Or, better stated…What is the Passover? Or, better stated…

Who is our Passover?Who is our Passover?Who is our Passover?Who is our Passover?

1 Corinthians 5:7 “… for indeed, Christ, our 1 Corinthians 5:7 “… for indeed, Christ, our Passover was sacrificed for us.”Passover was sacrificed for us.”1 Corinthians 5:7 “… for indeed, Christ, our 1 Corinthians 5:7 “… for indeed, Christ, our Passover was sacrificed for us.”Passover was sacrificed for us.”

John 1:36 “And looking at Jesus as He walked, John 1:36 “And looking at Jesus as He walked, he said, ‘Behold the lamb of God!’”he said, ‘Behold the lamb of God!’”John 1:36 “And looking at Jesus as He walked, John 1:36 “And looking at Jesus as He walked, he said, ‘Behold the lamb of God!’”he said, ‘Behold the lamb of God!’”

Christ is our Passover. He is the Lamb of Christ is our Passover. He is the Lamb of God. He replaces the lamb from the OT.God. He replaces the lamb from the OT.Christ is our Passover. He is the Lamb of Christ is our Passover. He is the Lamb of God. He replaces the lamb from the OT.God. He replaces the lamb from the OT.



Outline of Class…Outline of Class…Outline of Class…Outline of Class…

1.1. Proof that we should observe the Passover Proof that we should observe the Passover today.today.

2.2. Christ and His final Passover. The symbols Christ and His final Passover. The symbols He instituted.He instituted.

3.3. Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12. Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12. What are the controversies?What are the controversies?

4.4. Conclusion: We must follow Christ and not Conclusion: We must follow Christ and not Jewish history.Jewish history.



3.3. Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12. Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12. What are the controversies?What are the controversies?




1.1. Proof we should observe the Proof we should observe the Passover today…Passover today…

1.1. Proof we should observe the Proof we should observe the Passover today…Passover today…

Passover was commanded in the Old Testament. It Passover was commanded in the Old Testament. It is listed with the annual festivals.is listed with the annual festivals.Passover was commanded in the Old Testament. It Passover was commanded in the Old Testament. It is listed with the annual festivals.is listed with the annual festivals.

Leviticus 23:2, 5 Leviticus 23:2, 5 “Speak to the children of “Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: ‘The feasts of the Israel and say to them: ‘The feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim to be holy LORD, which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, these are My feasts. On the convocations, these are My feasts. On the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight is fourteenth day of the first month at twilight is the LORD’S Passover.”the LORD’S Passover.”

Leviticus 23:2, 5 Leviticus 23:2, 5 “Speak to the children of “Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: ‘The feasts of the Israel and say to them: ‘The feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim to be holy LORD, which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, these are My feasts. On the convocations, these are My feasts. On the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight is fourteenth day of the first month at twilight is the LORD’S Passover.”the LORD’S Passover.”



1.1. Proof we should observe the Proof we should observe the Passover today (continued)…Passover today (continued)…


Jesus Christ kept the Passover all His life as a Jesus Christ kept the Passover all His life as a family activity:family activity:Jesus Christ kept the Passover all His life as a Jesus Christ kept the Passover all His life as a family activity:family activity:

As a child in As a child in Luke 2:41-42 Luke 2:41-42 “His parents went “His parents went to Jerusalem every year at the Feast of the to Jerusalem every year at the Feast of the Passover. And when He was twelve…”Passover. And when He was twelve…”

As a child in As a child in Luke 2:41-42 Luke 2:41-42 “His parents went “His parents went to Jerusalem every year at the Feast of the to Jerusalem every year at the Feast of the Passover. And when He was twelve…”Passover. And when He was twelve…”

And as an adult in And as an adult in John 2:13 John 2:13 “Now the “Now the Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.”Jesus went up to Jerusalem.”

And as an adult in And as an adult in John 2:13 John 2:13 “Now the “Now the Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.”Jesus went up to Jerusalem.”





The Apostle Paul kept the Passover…The Apostle Paul kept the Passover…The Apostle Paul kept the Passover…The Apostle Paul kept the Passover…

1 Corinthians 11:23-26 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 “For I received from the Lord “For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you; that the Lord Jesus that which I also delivered to you; that the Lord Jesus on the same night in which He was betrayed took on the same night in which He was betrayed took bread; and when He had given thanks, He broke it and bread; and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, ‘Take, eat… In the same manner He also took the said, ‘Take, eat… In the same manner He also took the cup after supper, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant cup after supper, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.’ For as often as you eat this remembrance of Me.’ For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death till He come.”death till He come.”

1 Corinthians 11:23-26 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 “For I received from the Lord “For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you; that the Lord Jesus that which I also delivered to you; that the Lord Jesus on the same night in which He was betrayed took on the same night in which He was betrayed took bread; and when He had given thanks, He broke it and bread; and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, ‘Take, eat… In the same manner He also took the said, ‘Take, eat… In the same manner He also took the cup after supper, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant cup after supper, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.’ For as often as you eat this remembrance of Me.’ For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death till He come.”death till He come.”





The Apostle Paul commands the Passover…The Apostle Paul commands the Passover…The Apostle Paul commands the Passover…The Apostle Paul commands the Passover…

1 Corinthians 11:27-28 1 Corinthians 11:27-28 “Therefore whoever eats “Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the Lord in an this bread or drinks this cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. But let a man examine blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself and so let him eat of the bread and himself and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup.”drink of the cup.”

1 Corinthians 11:27-28 1 Corinthians 11:27-28 “Therefore whoever eats “Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the Lord in an this bread or drinks this cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. But let a man examine blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself and so let him eat of the bread and himself and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup.”drink of the cup.”





Christ commanded us to observe the Passover Christ commanded us to observe the Passover as He did on the night before He died…as He did on the night before He died…Christ commanded us to observe the Passover Christ commanded us to observe the Passover as He did on the night before He died…as He did on the night before He died…

John 13:14-15 John 13:14-15 “If I then, your Lord and Teacher, “If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet. For I have given you an one another’s feet. For I have given you an example, that you should do as I have done.”example, that you should do as I have done.”

John 13:14-15 John 13:14-15 “If I then, your Lord and Teacher, “If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet. For I have given you an one another’s feet. For I have given you an example, that you should do as I have done.”example, that you should do as I have done.”





• The Old Testament is clear. The Passover The Old Testament is clear. The Passover was commanded forever.was commanded forever.

• The Old Testament is clear. The Passover The Old Testament is clear. The Passover was commanded forever.was commanded forever.

• Christ set us an example and observed the Christ set us an example and observed the Passover all His life.Passover all His life.

• Christ set us an example and observed the Christ set us an example and observed the Passover all His life.Passover all His life.

• The Apostle Paul set us an example and also The Apostle Paul set us an example and also commanded observance of the Passover.commanded observance of the Passover.

• The Apostle Paul set us an example and also The Apostle Paul set us an example and also commanded observance of the Passover.commanded observance of the Passover.

• Jesus Christ commanded that we follow Jesus Christ commanded that we follow His example on Passover night.His example on Passover night.

• Jesus Christ commanded that we follow Jesus Christ commanded that we follow His example on Passover night.His example on Passover night.



2.2. Christ and His Final Passover. Christ and His Final Passover. The Symbols He Instituted…The Symbols He Instituted…


We are told in nine places in the Gospels that We are told in nine places in the Gospels that Christ kept the Passover with His disciples the Christ kept the Passover with His disciples the night before He died.night before He died.

We are told in nine places in the Gospels that We are told in nine places in the Gospels that Christ kept the Passover with His disciples the Christ kept the Passover with His disciples the night before He died.night before He died.

• Matthew 26:17, 18, 19Matthew 26:17, 18, 19• Matthew 26:17, 18, 19Matthew 26:17, 18, 19

• Mark 14:12, 14, 16Mark 14:12, 14, 16• Mark 14:12, 14, 16Mark 14:12, 14, 16

• Luke 22:8, 11, 15Luke 22:8, 11, 15• Luke 22:8, 11, 15Luke 22:8, 11, 15





• Matthew 26:17 Matthew 26:17 “Where do You want us to “Where do You want us to prepare for You to eat the Passover?”prepare for You to eat the Passover?”

• Matthew 26:17 Matthew 26:17 “Where do You want us to “Where do You want us to prepare for You to eat the Passover?”prepare for You to eat the Passover?”

• Matthew 26:18 Matthew 26:18 “I will keep the Passover at “I will keep the Passover at your house with My disciples.”your house with My disciples.”

• Matthew 26:18 Matthew 26:18 “I will keep the Passover at “I will keep the Passover at your house with My disciples.”your house with My disciples.”

• Matthew 26:19 Matthew 26:19 “…and they prepared the “…and they prepared the Passover.”Passover.”

• Matthew 26:19 Matthew 26:19 “…and they prepared the “…and they prepared the Passover.”Passover.”





• Mark 14:12 Mark 14:12 “Where do You want us to go and “Where do You want us to go and prepare, that You may eat the Passover?”prepare, that You may eat the Passover?”

• Mark 14:12 Mark 14:12 “Where do You want us to go and “Where do You want us to go and prepare, that You may eat the Passover?”prepare, that You may eat the Passover?”

• Mark 14:14 Mark 14:14 “Where is the guestroom in “Where is the guestroom in which I may eat the Passover with My which I may eat the Passover with My disciples?”disciples?”

• Mark 14:14 Mark 14:14 “Where is the guestroom in “Where is the guestroom in which I may eat the Passover with My which I may eat the Passover with My disciples?”disciples?”

• Mark 14:16 Mark 14:16 “… and they prepared the “… and they prepared the Passover.”Passover.”

• Mark 14:16 Mark 14:16 “… and they prepared the “… and they prepared the Passover.”Passover.”





• Luke 22:8 Luke 22:8 “Go and prepare the Passover for “Go and prepare the Passover for us that we may eat.”us that we may eat.”

• Luke 22:8 Luke 22:8 “Go and prepare the Passover for “Go and prepare the Passover for us that we may eat.”us that we may eat.”

• Luke 22:11 Luke 22:11 “Where is the guestroom where I “Where is the guestroom where I may eat the Passover with My disciples?”may eat the Passover with My disciples?”

• Luke 22:11 Luke 22:11 “Where is the guestroom where I “Where is the guestroom where I may eat the Passover with My disciples?”may eat the Passover with My disciples?”

• Luke 22:15 Luke 22:15 “With fervent desire I have “With fervent desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.”suffer.”

• Luke 22:15 Luke 22:15 “With fervent desire I have “With fervent desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.”suffer.”





Five primary texts that describe these events…Five primary texts that describe these events…Five primary texts that describe these events…Five primary texts that describe these events…

• Matthew 26Matthew 26

• Mark 14Mark 14

• Luke 22Luke 22

• John 13John 13

• 1 Corinthians 111 Corinthians 11

• Matthew 26Matthew 26

• Mark 14Mark 14

• Luke 22Luke 22

• John 13John 13

• 1 Corinthians 111 Corinthians 11



Comparison Chart of the Five TextsComparison Chart of the Five TextsComparison Chart of the Five TextsComparison Chart of the Five Texts

Same Same night.night.

Same Same night.night.

Meal is Meal is eaten.eaten.


Disciples Disciples prepare.prepare.






1 Cor. 1 Cor. 11:23-3411:23-341 Cor. 1 Cor.

11:23-3411:23-34John John

13:1-1713:1-17John John

13:1-1713:1-17Luke Luke

22:14-2322:14-23Luke Luke

22:14-2322:14-23Mark Mark

14:22-2614:22-26Mark Mark

14:22-2614:22-26Matthew Matthew 26:26-3026:26-30

Matthew Matthew 26:26-3026:26-30



Symbol of Symbol of the wine.the wine.

Symbol of Symbol of the wine.the wine.

Symbol of Symbol of bread.bread.


Hymn is Hymn is sung.sung.






Symbol of Symbol of wine.wine.










Judas to Judas to betray.betray.

Judas to Judas to betray.betray.

Foot Foot washing.washing.

Foot Foot washing.washing.

Humility Humility explained.explained.

Humility Humility explained.explained.

Christ is Christ is betrayed.betrayed.

Christ is Christ is betrayed.betrayed.





Examine Examine yourself.yourself.

Examine Examine yourself.yourself.



Facts About Christ’s Last PassoverFacts About Christ’s Last PassoverFacts About Christ’s Last PassoverFacts About Christ’s Last Passover

• Christ and the disciples observed the Passover and Christ and the disciples observed the Passover and not a “pre-Passover” meal or an “early” Passover.not a “pre-Passover” meal or an “early” Passover.

• Christ and the disciples observed the Passover and Christ and the disciples observed the Passover and not a “pre-Passover” meal or an “early” Passover.not a “pre-Passover” meal or an “early” Passover.

• They observed the Passover in the evening They observed the Passover in the evening (Matthew 26:20). This would have been at sunset or (Matthew 26:20). This would have been at sunset or when it was dark (Mark 1:32). Greek word is when it was dark (Mark 1:32). Greek word is opsiosopsios..

• They observed the Passover in the evening They observed the Passover in the evening (Matthew 26:20). This would have been at sunset or (Matthew 26:20). This would have been at sunset or when it was dark (Mark 1:32). Greek word is when it was dark (Mark 1:32). Greek word is opsiosopsios..

• Christ was crucified on the day before the annual Christ was crucified on the day before the annual Holy Day (John 19:31). The Holy Day is the 15Holy Day (John 19:31). The Holy Day is the 15thth (Leviticus 23:6); therefore Christ was crucified on the (Leviticus 23:6); therefore Christ was crucified on the afternoon of the 14afternoon of the 14thth. He and His disciples observed . He and His disciples observed the Passover the night before.the Passover the night before.

• Christ was crucified on the day before the annual Christ was crucified on the day before the annual Holy Day (John 19:31). The Holy Day is the 15Holy Day (John 19:31). The Holy Day is the 15thth (Leviticus 23:6); therefore Christ was crucified on the (Leviticus 23:6); therefore Christ was crucified on the afternoon of the 14afternoon of the 14thth. He and His disciples observed . He and His disciples observed the Passover the night before.the Passover the night before.



Facts About Christ’s Last PassoverFacts About Christ’s Last PassoverFacts About Christ’s Last PassoverFacts About Christ’s Last Passover

• Paul claims that Christ partook of the bread and the Paul claims that Christ partook of the bread and the wine on the “same night” He was betrayed. This wine on the “same night” He was betrayed. This could only be the 14could only be the 14thth since Christ was dead before since Christ was dead before the 15the 15thth..

• Paul claims that Christ partook of the bread and the Paul claims that Christ partook of the bread and the wine on the “same night” He was betrayed. This wine on the “same night” He was betrayed. This could only be the 14could only be the 14thth since Christ was dead before since Christ was dead before the 15the 15thth..

• Why is no lamb mentioned at the meal? Passover is Why is no lamb mentioned at the meal? Passover is referenced 29 times in the NT and there is never a referenced 29 times in the NT and there is never a mention of a lamb. To “prepare” the Passover means mention of a lamb. To “prepare” the Passover means to prepare the lamb (Exodus 12:11).to prepare the lamb (Exodus 12:11).

• Why is no lamb mentioned at the meal? Passover is Why is no lamb mentioned at the meal? Passover is referenced 29 times in the NT and there is never a referenced 29 times in the NT and there is never a mention of a lamb. To “prepare” the Passover means mention of a lamb. To “prepare” the Passover means to prepare the lamb (Exodus 12:11).to prepare the lamb (Exodus 12:11).

• We are to follow the example of Jesus Christ and not We are to follow the example of Jesus Christ and not the Jews (1 Peter 2:21).the Jews (1 Peter 2:21).

• We are to follow the example of Jesus Christ and not We are to follow the example of Jesus Christ and not the Jews (1 Peter 2:21).the Jews (1 Peter 2:21).



Summary of Christ’s Final Passover Summary of Christ’s Final Passover Day…Day…Summary of Christ’s Final Passover Summary of Christ’s Final Passover Day…Day…

• Christ is taken to Pilate and then Christ is taken to Pilate and then to Herod.to Herod.

• Christ is returned to Pilate.Christ is returned to Pilate.

• Christ is crucified about 9:00 AMChrist is crucified about 9:00 AM

• Darkness covers the area from Darkness covers the area from noon to 3:00 PM. An earthquake noon to 3:00 PM. An earthquake takes place at the temple. takes place at the temple. People are resurrected.People are resurrected.

• Christ dies about 3:00 PM.Christ dies about 3:00 PM.

• He is buried just before sunset He is buried just before sunset as the High Day begins.as the High Day begins.

• Christ is taken to Pilate and then Christ is taken to Pilate and then to Herod.to Herod.

• Christ is returned to Pilate.Christ is returned to Pilate.

• Christ is crucified about 9:00 AMChrist is crucified about 9:00 AM

• Darkness covers the area from Darkness covers the area from noon to 3:00 PM. An earthquake noon to 3:00 PM. An earthquake takes place at the temple. takes place at the temple. People are resurrected.People are resurrected.

• Christ dies about 3:00 PM.Christ dies about 3:00 PM.

• He is buried just before sunset He is buried just before sunset as the High Day begins.as the High Day begins.

• Christ and disciples gather for Christ and disciples gather for thethe Passover.Passover.

• Christ washes their feet.Christ washes their feet.

• Judas leavesJudas leaves

• Christ introduces the bread and Christ introduces the bread and the wine.the wine.

• A hymn is sung; they depart.A hymn is sung; they depart.

• Christ prays in the Garden.Christ prays in the Garden.

• Christ is arrested and taken to Christ is arrested and taken to Caiphas.Caiphas.

• Christ and disciples gather for Christ and disciples gather for thethe Passover.Passover.

• Christ washes their feet.Christ washes their feet.

• Judas leavesJudas leaves

• Christ introduces the bread and Christ introduces the bread and the wine.the wine.

• A hymn is sung; they depart.A hymn is sung; they depart.

• Christ prays in the Garden.Christ prays in the Garden.

• Christ is arrested and taken to Christ is arrested and taken to Caiphas.Caiphas.

Day of the 14Day of the 14thth Day of the 14Day of the 14thth Evening of 14Evening of 14thth Evening of 14Evening of 14thth



3.3. Analysis of the Passover of Exodus Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12…12…


Exodus 12:1-28 Intsructions GivenExodus 12:1-28 Intsructions GivenExodus 12:1-28 Intsructions GivenExodus 12:1-28 Intsructions Given

The Passover of Exodus 12 The Passover of Exodus 12 revolved around the exodus revolved around the exodus from Egypt. The lamb is from Egypt. The lamb is called the Passover.called the Passover.

The Passover of Exodus 12 The Passover of Exodus 12 revolved around the exodus revolved around the exodus from Egypt. The lamb is from Egypt. The lamb is called the Passover.called the Passover.

The Passover of the NT The Passover of the NT revolves around Jesus revolves around Jesus Christ. He is the Lamb of Christ. He is the Lamb of God.God.

The Passover of the NT The Passover of the NT revolves around Jesus revolves around Jesus Christ. He is the Lamb of Christ. He is the Lamb of God.God.



Lamb is slainLamb is slainLamb is slainLamb is slainBlood put on doorsBlood put on doorsBlood put on doorsBlood put on doors Unleavened breadUnleavened breadUnleavened breadUnleavened bread











Specific Instructions Given to the Israelites…Specific Instructions Given to the Israelites…Specific Instructions Given to the Israelites…Specific Instructions Given to the Israelites…

• Exodus 12:3Exodus 12:3. A lamb without blemish is selected . A lamb without blemish is selected on the tenth day of the first month.on the tenth day of the first month.

• Exodus 12:3Exodus 12:3. A lamb without blemish is selected . A lamb without blemish is selected on the tenth day of the first month.on the tenth day of the first month.

• Exodus 12:6Exodus 12:6. Lamb is kept . Lamb is kept untiluntil the fourteenth. It the fourteenth. It is slain is slain “between the two evenings”“between the two evenings” on the on the fourteenth.fourteenth.

• Exodus 12:6Exodus 12:6. Lamb is kept . Lamb is kept untiluntil the fourteenth. It the fourteenth. It is slain is slain “between the two evenings”“between the two evenings” on the on the fourteenth.fourteenth.

• Exodus 12:7Exodus 12:7. Some of the blood is put on the two . Some of the blood is put on the two doorposts. When God comes around midnight, He doorposts. When God comes around midnight, He will “will “pass overpass over” the homes that have the blood.” the homes that have the blood.

• Exodus 12:7Exodus 12:7. Some of the blood is put on the two . Some of the blood is put on the two doorposts. When God comes around midnight, He doorposts. When God comes around midnight, He will “will “pass overpass over” the homes that have the blood.” the homes that have the blood.

• Exodus 12:8Exodus 12:8. The lamb is to be roasted and . The lamb is to be roasted and eaten with unleavened bread.eaten with unleavened bread.

• Exodus 12:8Exodus 12:8. The lamb is to be roasted and . The lamb is to be roasted and eaten with unleavened bread.eaten with unleavened bread.





Specific Instructions Given to the Israelites…Specific Instructions Given to the Israelites…Specific Instructions Given to the Israelites…Specific Instructions Given to the Israelites…

• Exodus 12:10Exodus 12:10. None of it is to remain until . None of it is to remain until morning. Any remaining is to be burned with fire.morning. Any remaining is to be burned with fire.

• Exodus 12:10Exodus 12:10. None of it is to remain until . None of it is to remain until morning. Any remaining is to be burned with fire.morning. Any remaining is to be burned with fire.

• Exodus 12:11Exodus 12:11. It was to be eaten in “. It was to be eaten in “hastehaste” with ” with the Israelites prepared for a journey.the Israelites prepared for a journey.

• Exodus 12:11Exodus 12:11. It was to be eaten in “. It was to be eaten in “hastehaste” with ” with the Israelites prepared for a journey.the Israelites prepared for a journey.

• Exodus 12:22Exodus 12:22. No one is to go out of his house until . No one is to go out of his house until ““morningmorning.”.”

• Exodus 12:22Exodus 12:22. No one is to go out of his house until . No one is to go out of his house until ““morningmorning.”.”

• Exodus 12:15Exodus 12:15. Seven days of unleavened bread . Seven days of unleavened bread follow the Passover. (Josephus says there are 8 follow the Passover. (Josephus says there are 8 days of unleavened, including the Passover).days of unleavened, including the Passover).

• Exodus 12:15Exodus 12:15. Seven days of unleavened bread . Seven days of unleavened bread follow the Passover. (Josephus says there are 8 follow the Passover. (Josephus says there are 8 days of unleavened, including the Passover).days of unleavened, including the Passover).





What actually happened…What actually happened…What actually happened…What actually happened…

• Exodus 12:29 Exodus 12:29 The “The “LORDLORD” struck all the ” struck all the firstborn in Egypt at “firstborn in Egypt at “midnightmidnight.”.”

• Exodus 12:29 Exodus 12:29 The “The “LORDLORD” struck all the ” struck all the firstborn in Egypt at “firstborn in Egypt at “midnightmidnight.”.”

• Exodus 12:31 Exodus 12:31 Pharaoh sends a message to Pharaoh sends a message to Moses and Aaron “Moses and Aaron “by nightby night,” but after midnight.,” but after midnight.

• Exodus 12:31 Exodus 12:31 Pharaoh sends a message to Pharaoh sends a message to Moses and Aaron “Moses and Aaron “by nightby night,” but after midnight.,” but after midnight.

• Exodus 12:35-36 Exodus 12:35-36 The Israelites spoil the Egyptians The Israelites spoil the Egyptians for a second time.for a second time.

• Exodus 12:35-36 Exodus 12:35-36 The Israelites spoil the Egyptians The Israelites spoil the Egyptians for a second time.for a second time.

• Exodus 12:42 Exodus 12:42 Israelites leave Egypt by night.Israelites leave Egypt by night.• Exodus 12:42 Exodus 12:42 Israelites leave Egypt by night.Israelites leave Egypt by night.

• Numbers 33:3; Deuteronomy 16:6 Numbers 33:3; Deuteronomy 16:6 Israelites left Israelites left Egypt on the 15Egypt on the 15thth. Egyptians are burying their dead.. Egyptians are burying their dead.

• Numbers 33:3; Deuteronomy 16:6 Numbers 33:3; Deuteronomy 16:6 Israelites left Israelites left Egypt on the 15Egypt on the 15thth. Egyptians are burying their dead.. Egyptians are burying their dead.





Three Hebrew words for “evening”…Three Hebrew words for “evening”…Three Hebrew words for “evening”…Three Hebrew words for “evening”…

• ‘‘erev erev (Genesis 1:5). General term which refers (Genesis 1:5). General term which refers to the dark portion of a day.to the dark portion of a day.

• ‘‘erev erev (Genesis 1:5). General term which refers (Genesis 1:5). General term which refers to the dark portion of a day.to the dark portion of a day.

• ba’erevba’erev (Exodus 12:18). A more specific term (Exodus 12:18). A more specific term that means sunset. It can delineate the that means sunset. It can delineate the beginning of a new day or the end of a day.beginning of a new day or the end of a day.

• ba’erevba’erev (Exodus 12:18). A more specific term (Exodus 12:18). A more specific term that means sunset. It can delineate the that means sunset. It can delineate the beginning of a new day or the end of a day.beginning of a new day or the end of a day.

• bein ha-’arbayim bein ha-’arbayim (Exodus 12:6). Controversial (Exodus 12:6). Controversial term that is translated “twilight” in NKJV. It term that is translated “twilight” in NKJV. It means literally “between the two evenings.”means literally “between the two evenings.”

• bein ha-’arbayim bein ha-’arbayim (Exodus 12:6). Controversial (Exodus 12:6). Controversial term that is translated “twilight” in NKJV. It term that is translated “twilight” in NKJV. It means literally “between the two evenings.”means literally “between the two evenings.”





Hebrew word for morning…Hebrew word for morning…Hebrew word for morning…Hebrew word for morning…

boqerboqer “morning, daybreak, dawn [and even before “morning, daybreak, dawn [and even before light, Ruth 3:14], so called from the breaking forth light, Ruth 3:14], so called from the breaking forth of light” (Gesenius).of light” (Gesenius).Always used for the light portion of a day, never Always used for the light portion of a day, never the middle of the night. Even in Ruth we can see the middle of the night. Even in Ruth we can see from the context that this was around the time of from the context that this was around the time of sunrise, not the middle of the night.sunrise, not the middle of the night.In Exodus 12:22 the term “morning” means sunrise In Exodus 12:22 the term “morning” means sunrise or afterwards, the opposite of night.or afterwards, the opposite of night.

boqerboqer “morning, daybreak, dawn [and even before “morning, daybreak, dawn [and even before light, Ruth 3:14], so called from the breaking forth light, Ruth 3:14], so called from the breaking forth of light” (Gesenius).of light” (Gesenius).Always used for the light portion of a day, never Always used for the light portion of a day, never the middle of the night. Even in Ruth we can see the middle of the night. Even in Ruth we can see from the context that this was around the time of from the context that this was around the time of sunrise, not the middle of the night.sunrise, not the middle of the night.In Exodus 12:22 the term “morning” means sunrise In Exodus 12:22 the term “morning” means sunrise or afterwards, the opposite of night.or afterwards, the opposite of night.





Symbolism from Passover of Exodus 12…Symbolism from Passover of Exodus 12…Symbolism from Passover of Exodus 12…Symbolism from Passover of Exodus 12…

• Killing of the firstborn and spreading the blood Killing of the firstborn and spreading the blood symbolizes the death of Christ and His shed blood.symbolizes the death of Christ and His shed blood.

• Killing of the firstborn and spreading the blood Killing of the firstborn and spreading the blood symbolizes the death of Christ and His shed blood.symbolizes the death of Christ and His shed blood.

• Eating the unleavened bread on Passover Eating the unleavened bread on Passover symbolizes the sinless life/body of Christ.symbolizes the sinless life/body of Christ.

• Eating the unleavened bread on Passover Eating the unleavened bread on Passover symbolizes the sinless life/body of Christ.symbolizes the sinless life/body of Christ.

• The lamb without blemish represents the sinless The lamb without blemish represents the sinless life/body of Christ.life/body of Christ.

• The lamb without blemish represents the sinless The lamb without blemish represents the sinless life/body of Christ.life/body of Christ.

• Leaving Egypt pictures our spiritual departure from Leaving Egypt pictures our spiritual departure from this sinful world.this sinful world.

• Leaving Egypt pictures our spiritual departure from Leaving Egypt pictures our spiritual departure from this sinful world.this sinful world.





Summary…Summary…Summary…Summary…

• The Passover of Exodus 12 was an historical The Passover of Exodus 12 was an historical event. It has never been duplicated.event. It has never been duplicated.

• The Passover of Exodus 12 was an historical The Passover of Exodus 12 was an historical event. It has never been duplicated.event. It has never been duplicated.

• These are controversies surrounding these events These are controversies surrounding these events that cannot be completely resolved.that cannot be completely resolved.

• These are controversies surrounding these events These are controversies surrounding these events that cannot be completely resolved.that cannot be completely resolved.

• We do not repeat the Passover of Exodus 12, but We do not repeat the Passover of Exodus 12, but rather we observe the New Testament Passover rather we observe the New Testament Passover with its unique symbols. It is our belief that it is with its unique symbols. It is our belief that it is observed on the same day, and at the same time – observed on the same day, and at the same time – the evening of the 14the evening of the 14thth..

• We do not repeat the Passover of Exodus 12, but We do not repeat the Passover of Exodus 12, but rather we observe the New Testament Passover rather we observe the New Testament Passover with its unique symbols. It is our belief that it is with its unique symbols. It is our belief that it is observed on the same day, and at the same time – observed on the same day, and at the same time – the evening of the 14the evening of the 14thth..



The new symbols of The new symbols of the Passover are the Passover are “bread and wine.” The “bread and wine.” The bread is unleavened bread is unleavened and the drink is wine, and the drink is wine, not grape juice.not grape juice.

The new symbols of The new symbols of the Passover are the Passover are “bread and wine.” The “bread and wine.” The bread is unleavened bread is unleavened and the drink is wine, and the drink is wine, not grape juice.not grape juice.





4.4. Conclusion: We Must Follow Christ Conclusion: We Must Follow Christ and not Jewish History…and not Jewish History…


• Why do the Jews celebrate the Passover on the Why do the Jews celebrate the Passover on the 1515thth? They claim that this is the correct date from ? They claim that this is the correct date from history.history.

• Why do the Jews celebrate the Passover on the Why do the Jews celebrate the Passover on the 1515thth? They claim that this is the correct date from ? They claim that this is the correct date from history.history.

• Why did Christ keep the Passover a day earlier Why did Christ keep the Passover a day earlier than some Jews of His day?than some Jews of His day?

• Why did Christ keep the Passover a day earlier Why did Christ keep the Passover a day earlier than some Jews of His day?than some Jews of His day?

• The claim is made that Jewish history is clear – The claim is made that Jewish history is clear – they have always celebrated Passover on the 15they have always celebrated Passover on the 15thth. . Only the lamb was slain on the 14 Only the lamb was slain on the 14thth..

• The claim is made that Jewish history is clear – The claim is made that Jewish history is clear – they have always celebrated Passover on the 15they have always celebrated Passover on the 15thth. . Only the lamb was slain on the 14 Only the lamb was slain on the 14thth..





Even if all the claims are true, we still must follow Even if all the claims are true, we still must follow Christ and not the Jews.Christ and not the Jews.Even if all the claims are true, we still must follow Even if all the claims are true, we still must follow Christ and not the Jews.Christ and not the Jews.

Mark 7:8-9, 13 Mark 7:8-9, 13 “For laying aside the commandment “For laying aside the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men… All too well of God, you hold the tradition of men… All too well you reject the commandment of God, that you may you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition… making the word of God of keep your tradition… making the word of God of no effect through your tradition which you have no effect through your tradition which you have handed down. And many such things you do.”handed down. And many such things you do.”

Mark 7:8-9, 13 Mark 7:8-9, 13 “For laying aside the commandment “For laying aside the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men… All too well of God, you hold the tradition of men… All too well you reject the commandment of God, that you may you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition… making the word of God of keep your tradition… making the word of God of no effect through your tradition which you have no effect through your tradition which you have handed down. And many such things you do.”handed down. And many such things you do.”





Christ condemned the religious leaders of His day, Christ condemned the religious leaders of His day, especially the Pharisees. This is the group that has especially the Pharisees. This is the group that has provided the historical data for the Jews from this period. provided the historical data for the Jews from this period. They are the ancestors of the authors of the Talmud. They are the ancestors of the authors of the Talmud.

Christ condemned the religious leaders of His day, Christ condemned the religious leaders of His day, especially the Pharisees. This is the group that has especially the Pharisees. This is the group that has provided the historical data for the Jews from this period. provided the historical data for the Jews from this period. They are the ancestors of the authors of the Talmud. They are the ancestors of the authors of the Talmud.

Matthew 23:23-24 Matthew 23:23-24 “Woe to you, scribes and “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! Blind guides, who strain Pharisees, hypocrites! Blind guides, who strain out a gnat and swallow a camel.”out a gnat and swallow a camel.”

Matthew 23:23-24 Matthew 23:23-24 “Woe to you, scribes and “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! Blind guides, who strain Pharisees, hypocrites! Blind guides, who strain out a gnat and swallow a camel.”out a gnat and swallow a camel.”





Philo was an Alexandrian Jew and a contemporary Philo was an Alexandrian Jew and a contemporary with Christ. He gives a different view of the Passover.with Christ. He gives a different view of the Passover.Philo was an Alexandrian Jew and a contemporary Philo was an Alexandrian Jew and a contemporary with Christ. He gives a different view of the Passover.with Christ. He gives a different view of the Passover.

““Pascha, on which the whole nation sacrifices, Pascha, on which the whole nation sacrifices, each individual among them, not waiting for the each individual among them, not waiting for the priests, since on this occasion the law has given priests, since on this occasion the law has given for one special day in every year, a priesthood to for one special day in every year, a priesthood to the whole nation, so that each individual slays the whole nation, so that each individual slays his own victim on this day.”his own victim on this day.”

““Pascha, on which the whole nation sacrifices, Pascha, on which the whole nation sacrifices, each individual among them, not waiting for the each individual among them, not waiting for the priests, since on this occasion the law has given priests, since on this occasion the law has given for one special day in every year, a priesthood to for one special day in every year, a priesthood to the whole nation, so that each individual slays the whole nation, so that each individual slays his own victim on this day.”his own victim on this day.”

Philo shows that there was no command for the priests Philo shows that there was no command for the priests to kill the Passover lamb. This would explain how the to kill the Passover lamb. This would explain how the disciples were able to “prepare the Passover.”disciples were able to “prepare the Passover.”

Philo shows that there was no command for the priests Philo shows that there was no command for the priests to kill the Passover lamb. This would explain how the to kill the Passover lamb. This would explain how the disciples were able to “prepare the Passover.”disciples were able to “prepare the Passover.”





From the book From the book The Jewish Festivals, A Guide to Their The Jewish Festivals, A Guide to Their History and ObservanceHistory and Observance by Hayyim Schaussby Hayyim Schauss..From the book From the book The Jewish Festivals, A Guide to Their The Jewish Festivals, A Guide to Their History and ObservanceHistory and Observance by Hayyim Schaussby Hayyim Schauss..

““We must thus bear in mind that Pesach and the We must thus bear in mind that Pesach and the Feast of Unleavened Bread were originally two Feast of Unleavened Bread were originally two distinct festivals, observed at the same time [of the distinct festivals, observed at the same time [of the year]. Both were spring festivals, but the Feast of year]. Both were spring festivals, but the Feast of Unleavened Bread was observed by the entire Unleavened Bread was observed by the entire community gathered in a holy place, which Pesach community gathered in a holy place, which Pesach was celebrated in the home as a family festival.”was celebrated in the home as a family festival.”

““We must thus bear in mind that Pesach and the We must thus bear in mind that Pesach and the Feast of Unleavened Bread were originally two Feast of Unleavened Bread were originally two distinct festivals, observed at the same time [of the distinct festivals, observed at the same time [of the year]. Both were spring festivals, but the Feast of year]. Both were spring festivals, but the Feast of Unleavened Bread was observed by the entire Unleavened Bread was observed by the entire community gathered in a holy place, which Pesach community gathered in a holy place, which Pesach was celebrated in the home as a family festival.”was celebrated in the home as a family festival.”

Rabbi Schauss shows that historically a family Passover Rabbi Schauss shows that historically a family Passover was not forbidden and that it was rather common among was not forbidden and that it was rather common among the Jews for many centuries.the Jews for many centuries.

Rabbi Schauss shows that historically a family Passover Rabbi Schauss shows that historically a family Passover was not forbidden and that it was rather common among was not forbidden and that it was rather common among the Jews for many centuries.the Jews for many centuries.





History shows that during the time of Christ the Jews History shows that during the time of Christ the Jews could not agree among themselves on the observance could not agree among themselves on the observance of some of the Festivals, most notable being Passover of some of the Festivals, most notable being Passover and Pentecost. Some historians claim that the and Pentecost. Some historians claim that the Pharisees and Sadducees used different calendars.Pharisees and Sadducees used different calendars.

History shows that during the time of Christ the Jews History shows that during the time of Christ the Jews could not agree among themselves on the observance could not agree among themselves on the observance of some of the Festivals, most notable being Passover of some of the Festivals, most notable being Passover and Pentecost. Some historians claim that the and Pentecost. Some historians claim that the Pharisees and Sadducees used different calendars.Pharisees and Sadducees used different calendars.

““A different explanation is that the Jews in the first century A different explanation is that the Jews in the first century followed two calendars in observing the Passover. followed two calendars in observing the Passover. According to this view Jesus and His disciples observed one According to this view Jesus and His disciples observed one date, eating the Passover meal before His crucifixion, date, eating the Passover meal before His crucifixion, whereas most of the nation, including the Pharisees followed whereas most of the nation, including the Pharisees followed the other calendar in which the Passover lambs were slain on the other calendar in which the Passover lambs were slain on the very day of Jesus death” (The Bible Knowledge the very day of Jesus death” (The Bible Knowledge Commentary).Commentary).

““A different explanation is that the Jews in the first century A different explanation is that the Jews in the first century followed two calendars in observing the Passover. followed two calendars in observing the Passover. According to this view Jesus and His disciples observed one According to this view Jesus and His disciples observed one date, eating the Passover meal before His crucifixion, date, eating the Passover meal before His crucifixion, whereas most of the nation, including the Pharisees followed whereas most of the nation, including the Pharisees followed the other calendar in which the Passover lambs were slain on the other calendar in which the Passover lambs were slain on the very day of Jesus death” (The Bible Knowledge the very day of Jesus death” (The Bible Knowledge Commentary).Commentary).





Historically, we know that the “true” Christians of Asia Historically, we know that the “true” Christians of Asia were called “quartodecimans” (fourteen) because they were called “quartodecimans” (fourteen) because they kept the Passover on the fourteenth, instead of Easter.kept the Passover on the fourteenth, instead of Easter.

Historically, we know that the “true” Christians of Asia Historically, we know that the “true” Christians of Asia were called “quartodecimans” (fourteen) because they were called “quartodecimans” (fourteen) because they kept the Passover on the fourteenth, instead of Easter.kept the Passover on the fourteenth, instead of Easter.

““Apollinarius was part of that ‘orthodox’ group (of Apollinarius was part of that ‘orthodox’ group (of Quartodecimans). He rebuked those others who Quartodecimans). He rebuked those others who wanted to keep the Passover at the same time and in wanted to keep the Passover at the same time and in the same manner as the Jews. He says, ‘The 14the same manner as the Jews. He says, ‘The 14thth of of Nisan is the true Passover of the Lord, the great Nisan is the true Passover of the Lord, the great Sacrifice instead of having a lamb we have the Son of Sacrifice instead of having a lamb we have the Son of God’” (Chronicon, Paschale, pg. 92, 82).God’” (Chronicon, Paschale, pg. 92, 82).

““Apollinarius was part of that ‘orthodox’ group (of Apollinarius was part of that ‘orthodox’ group (of Quartodecimans). He rebuked those others who Quartodecimans). He rebuked those others who wanted to keep the Passover at the same time and in wanted to keep the Passover at the same time and in the same manner as the Jews. He says, ‘The 14the same manner as the Jews. He says, ‘The 14thth of of Nisan is the true Passover of the Lord, the great Nisan is the true Passover of the Lord, the great Sacrifice instead of having a lamb we have the Son of Sacrifice instead of having a lamb we have the Son of God’” (Chronicon, Paschale, pg. 92, 82).God’” (Chronicon, Paschale, pg. 92, 82).



Outline of Class…Outline of Class…Outline of Class…Outline of Class…



3.3. Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12. What Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12. What are the controversies?are the controversies?




3.3. Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12. What Analysis of the Passover of Exodus 12. What are the controversies?are the controversies?


The PassoverThe PassoverThe PassoverThe Passover

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