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Pathways to Carbon Capture -Möglichkeiten der CO2-Abscheidung
Dr. Michael WeinholdCTO Siemens Energy SectorHannover, 22. April, 2008
Page 2 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Global mega-trends driving increasing demand for
electric power - fossil fuels continue to dominate
� Population growth:
8.3 bn in 2030 (+1.7 bn)
� Power consumption:+3.5% p.a. in emerging regions vs. 1.3%
in developed world
� Urbanization/Megacities (>10 million):
15 new cities in 2015
Worldwide electricity generation
2%16%
15%
6%
21%
40%
19
8%
15%
13%
3%
22%
39%
34
2030
OtherRenewables
Hydro
Nuclear
Coal
2.5%/a
Oil
Natural Gas
Fossil Fuels= 64%
2006 Source siemensPG GS
PWh
Page 3 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Page 4 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Technology is a key lever to combating climate change
1) GHG: Greenhouse gas
Source: Kaya Identity; Siemens
CO2 eEmissions
PopulationGDP /
PopulationEnergy /
GDPCO2e / Energy
X X X=
Demo-graphy
Wealth Emission1)Effi-
ciency
Difficult to influenceInfluenceable with
technological innovations
Innovative solutions for reduction of CO2 emissions
Efficient energy generation
�Highly efficient gas and steam turbines�Carbon capture and storage (CCS) for
coal fired power plants�Coal-to-gas shift
Switch to renewables
�Wind�Biomass�Solar
Efficient energy transmission �High-voltage DC transmission systems
Efficient energy consumption
�Building technology measures�Energy saving lighting �E-Cars
Holistic optimization
�Smart Grids�Heat pumps replacing oil burners
�E-Cars
Difficult to influence
Behavior
Page 5 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Eco-friendly solutions (examples)
Low-CO2 power plants (CCS)
Wind powerEfficient gas
turbines
Low-energylighting systems
Industrial energyefficiency
Broad-based Siemens portfolio with a high CO2
reduction potential
Energy efficiencyfor buildings
HVDC Power Transmission
Energy-savinghouseholdappliances
Energy-savingdrive systems
Traffice guidancesystems
Page 6 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Efficiency1992: 36 %2006: 43 %2020 target: >50 %*
Efficiency1992: 42 %2006: 47 %2020 target: > 50 %
∆ CO2Basis-16%
>-28%
∆ CO2Basis
-11%>-16%
Niederaußem, 965 MW
Reference STPP NRW,600 MW
43% 47%
Irsching 4 plant530 MW
Hard coal-fired
steam power plant
Lignite-fired
steam power plant
Development of efficiency and corresponding reduction of CO2 emissions
Siemens Energy fossil-based technology is setting efficiency standards worldwide
* Using lignite pre-drying technology
Combined cycle
power plant, H class
> 60%
Efficiency1992: 52 % 2010: > 60 %2020 target: > 62 %
∆ CO2
Basis-10%
>-13%
Page 7 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
The three technology pathways for CCS
GasificationSyngas cleaning
CO shiftCO2 capture
CO2
Fuel
O2
Combined Cycle
with H2 turbine
Conventional SPP Flue gas cleaningCoal
AirCO2 capture
Conventional PP with CO2 wash
CO2
O2
Combustion(steam generator)
CO2Coal
recycling
Flue gascleaning
Condensation
ST Cycle G
CO2 / H2O
Indirect Oxyfuel(Working medium steam, conventional)
CO2 Capture before Combustion (Pre-combustion)
CO22 Capture after Combustion (Post-combustion)
Integrated CO2 Capture (Indirect Oxyfuel)
Research needs
Conventional
Page 8 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
IGCC / Pre-combustion carbon capture
� Gasification technology with multifuel capability for new power plants
� Technology “ready for implementation”
� Alternative route for chemical / fuel production, hydrogen economy
� Mastering higher technological and contractual complexity with “Siemens phased project execution offer”
Post-combustion carbon capture
� Scalable market introduction, Demoplants withslipstreams, minimize upgrade risk in process trains
� Enhancement potential for solvents, scrubbing process and for integration into the power plants
� Worldwide development activities with different solvents and related processes under way
� For retrofit and new coal-fired power plants
Siemens preferred solutions for CO2 capture
Siemens Fuel Gasifier Siemens IGCC in Puertollano (E) Siemens scrubbing process test lab
Preliminary Post combustion carbon capture plant design
Post-combustion capture technology joined development E.ON and Siemens
Page 9 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
IGCC has the potential to be the most innovative andeconomical CO2-free coal power plant solution.
Process 1
Highly efficient and clean (low NOx, SO2, particulates, Hg)
Process 2CO2 separation and storage
Global Drivers – IGCC technology for highly efficient, clean power generation
Coal GasificationGas cleanup
CO2 storage
CO Shift
CO2 separationH2
Syngas
Combined cycle power plant
Syngas
EOR CO2 injection
CO2
Page 10 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Existing Coal-Based IGCC Power Plants
253 MW (net), start- up 01/94
298 MW (net), start- up 12/97
-253 MW (net), startup 01/94
Buggenum (Netherlands)
262 MW (net), startup 10/95
Wabash River (Indiana/USA)
298 MW (net), startup 12/97
Puertollano (Spain)
250 MW (net), startup 09/96
Polk Power (Florida/USA)
Siemens was involved in all European coalSiemens was involved in all European coal--based IGCC plantsbased IGCC plants
Page 11 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Post-combustion capture -Integration into Power plant lay-out (w/o stack)
Absorber
column(s)
Desorber column(s)
Solvent heat
exchangers
Page 12 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Cooler
/Lean Rich Heat Exchanger
Flue Gas from
FGD Plant
Blower
Decarbonized
Gas to Stack
Reboiler
MP/LP Crossover
Steam Extraction
Condensate
Preheating
Sequestration> 100 bar
Cooler
Str
ipp
CO2 for
er
Scru
bbe
r
Technical basis of Post-combustion capture ∆η-net losses of SPP with CO2-Scrubbing – Castor Project (MEA)
High CO2 - desorption energy of the solvent requires a huge heat
demand in the reboiler of the stripper
-0,5 % pts
-3,0 % pts
-6,8 % pts-0,8 % pts
Total -11,1 % pts
� Heating up solvent� Desorption of CO2� Evaporation of
reflux water
50oC
2 bar120oC
compressorwith intercooling
Page 13 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Our process shows major advantages
Cooler
/Lean Rich Heat Exchanger
Flue Gas from
FGD Plant
Blower
DecarbonizedGas to Stack
Reboiler
MP/LP Crossover
Steam Extraction
Condensate
Preheating
Sequestration> 100 bar
Cooler
Reduction in energy consumption through modification of process,
development of novel process components, integration into power plant
Str
ipp
CO2 for
er
Scru
bbe
r
Low energy
demand
No solvent
slip
No solvent
slipLow degradation
(O2)
Environmentally harmless
High absorption rate
Siemens CO2
compressor
solutions
Page 14 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Siemens your Partner,from Process Development to Implementation of Projects
Combining the know-how and experiences out of the Power Generation, Chemical Processing and Oil & Gas Industries
� is leading to state-of-the-art carbon capture technologies and derived concepts for the integration thereof into the power plants
� is providing a solid basis for the implementation of the projects
Page 15 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Technology options for tomorrow’s low-emission and secure power mix
Intermediate-load/peak-load for load leveling
Gas-fired combined
cycle power plants:
� High efficiency
� Low emissions
� Fast startup
Privileged feed-in of renewables
Renewables:
� Wind power
� Solar thermal power
� Other
Low-emission base-load
� Coal-fired power plants:
� Nuclear power plants
� Hydro power plants
� Clean, high-efficiency STPP
� IGCC pre-combustion capture
� Post-combustion capture for retrofitting and new plants
Page 16 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Energy trading
A holistic approach is required foran efficient integrated energy system
Power flow
reversal Fluctuating infeed
Cooling units
€(t)
Heat pumpsPlug-in Hybrids
Page 17 Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG
Technology push
� R&D funding for key technologies
� Funding for full-scale demo projects
� Fair risk sharing between suppliers, operators and the public
Market pull
� Reliable long-term investment incentives
� Global perspectives for equipment suppliers
Legal basis and acceptance
� Legislation for geological storage
� Public relations in an open dialogue
� Cooperation of politics, industry, NGOs
1 32
Climate protection is feasible; three forces are needed to realize a sustainable energy supply
Key messages - Climate protection
Only through joint forces of politics, power sector and industry
climate protection can become reality
Thank you for your kind attention.
Dr. Michael WeinholdCTO Siemens Energy SectorHannover, 22. April, 2008