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PATHWAYS TOWARDS CCS BEST PRACTICES IN PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM COAL,
GENÈVE, 29/10/2015Guido Magneschi ([email protected])
Senior Adviser CO2 capture EMEA
The Global CCS Institute
We are an international membership
organisation.
Offices in Washington DC, Brussels,
Beijing and Tokyo. Headquarters in
Melbourne.
Our diverse international
membership consists of:
o governments,
o global corporations,
o small companies,
o research bodies, and
o non-government organisations.
Specialist expertise covers the
CCS/CCUS chain.
OUR MISSIONTo accelerate the
development,
demonstration and
deployment of
CCS globally.
OUR MISSIONTo accelerate the
development,
demonstration and
deployment of
CCS globally.
1Fact-based,
influential
advice and
advocacy
1Fact-based,
influential
advice and
advocacy
2Authoritative
knowledge
sharing
2Authoritative
knowledge
sharing
Our Vision for CCS:
CCS is an integral part of a low-carbon future
CCS is real
Current operational
projects have around 27
Mtpa of CO2 capture
capacity
Large-scale CCS projects by region or country
North America (with 13 in the US and 6 in Canada), China (with 9)
and UK (with 5) have the most projects
Americas 1 3 6 10 20
Early
planning
Advanced
planningConstruction Operation Total
China 5 4 - - 9
Europe 2 4 - 2 8
Gulf Cooperation
Council- - 1 1 2
Rest of World 4 - 1 1 6
Total 12 11 8 14 45
2015
EOR
Dedicated Geological
Power
Generation
*** Institute estimate
Actual and expected operation dates for projects in
2015-2016 is a watershed period for CCS – it is a reality in the power sector and
additional project approvals are anticipated
Operating 20172016
Hydrogen
production
Natural gas
processing
Chemical
production
Iron and steel
production
Synthetic
natural gas
Fertiliser
production
Oil refining
2018 2019 2020
= 1Mtpa of CO2 (areas of circle are proportional to capacity)
Coal-to-liquids
* Injection currently suspended
Boundary
Dam
Kemper
Petra
Nova
ROAD
Sargas
Texas
Sinopec Shengli Peterhead
HECA**Illinois Industrial
Yanchang
Sinopec
Qilu
Abu Dhabi
ACTL Agrium Coffeyville
Century
Plant Enid
Fertilizer
Val Verde
Air Products
Lost Cabin
Lula
SnøhvitSleipner
Shute Creek
In Salah*
Uthmaniyah
Quest
Gorgon***
Spectra***
ACTL Sturgeon
Petro China
Jilin
Great
Plains
operation, construction and advanced planning
Don
Valley
White
Rose
** Storage options under evaluation
TCEP
2015-2016: a year of action
ROAD
QuestUthmaniyah
US-China ProjectsPeterheadWhite Rose
Abu Dhabi CCS Kemper County
2016
FID
2015/16
Operational
2015
Petra NovaDecatur
Advanced CCS projects - Europe
Snøhvit
Peterhead
CO2 cc: 1 Mtpa
Power sector
Sleipner
ROAD
CO2 cc: 1.1 Mtpa
Power sector
Don Valley
CO2 cc: > 1 Mtpa
Power sector
White Rose
CO2 cc: 2 Mtpa
Power sector
• Power sector: 3 projects are heading towards a FID
however, few new projects in early planning.
• Industrial sector: recognised that CCS is the only de-carbonization
option in some cases, increasing interest in industrial CCS
• Emerging trend of industrial CO2 Networks and CCS Clusters
around the North Sea: From project by project approach to the
concept of European CO2 networks and CCS Clusters to capture
multiple source of CO2 sharing transport and storage infrastructures.
Examples of cluster under consideration:
– Teesside, UK
– Rotterdam, NL
– Antwerpen, BE
Emerging trends – Europe
Teesside CO2 Collective: industrial CCS network (UK)
1st generation technologies: state of art
POST-COMBUSTION
Chemical/Physical separation of CO2 from flue gases produced by any combustion
State of art: chemical absorption with amine-based solvents
PRE-COMBUSTION
Chemical/Physical separation of CO2 from H2 (before combustion). Applicable to Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants
State of art: absorption with physical and chemical solvents (commercial processes)
OXY-COMBUSTION
Combustion of fuels in oxygen and recirculated CO2 in order to produce a near pure stream of CO2 . Applicable to nearly all combustion processes.
1st generation technologies: key indicators
Post-
combustion
Post-
combustion
Pre-
combustion
Oxy-
combustion
Plant type SCPC/USCPC NGCC IGCC SCPC/USCPC
Efficiency penalty (%-points)* 9-12 8-11 9-12 8-10
Net power output decrease
(%)*20-25 15-20 20-25 15-20
CO2 captured (kg CO2/MWh)** 830-1080 360-390 840-940 830-1040
CO2 avoided (kg CO2/MWh)** 650-720 310-330 630-700 760-830
LCOE w/o CCS (USD/MWh)** 61-79 42-83 82-99 56-68
LCOE with CCS (USD/MWh) ** 95-150 63-122 112-148 92-141
% LCOE increase with CCS** 48-98 28-72 26-62 61-114
SCPC: super-critical pulverized coal, USCPC: ultra super critical pulverised coal. NGCC: natural
gas combined cycle, IGCC: integrated gasifier combined cycle.
*Indicative ranges
**Cost data taken from Rubin et al., 2015.The cost of CO2 capture an storage. International Journal
of Greenhouse Gas Control
CCS: levelised cost of electricity
Source: The costs of CCS and other low-carbon technologies in the United States: 2015 update
Global CCS Institute (downloadable on the Institute’s website)
CCS: avoided cost of CO2
Source: The costs of CCS and other low-carbon technologies in the United States: 2015 update
Global CCS Institute (downloadable on the Institute’s website)
CCS R&D is focussed on costs reduction
• First generation projects will deliver important lessons. New
projects will benefit from learnings and will have lower cost.
• Continued R&D activities will help drive down costs of equipment
and related materials as well as operating costs:
– Thermal and electrical energy requirements
– Materials consumption, such as solvents, sorbents and other
chemicals
• International collaboration crucial to achieve cost and
performance goals.
DOE CCS cost reduction goals
Palsynski, S., 2015. Fueling the Future: Safe, Affordable, Secure Energy. Pittsburgh, PA,
Proceedings of the 2015 NETL CO2 Capture Technology Meeting, June 23 – 26, 2015.
Relative US DOE cost reduction targets and timing for 2nd generation
and transformational carbon capture technologies
DOE development timeline for new technologies
Generalised development timelines for 2nd generation and
transformational capture technologies (US DOE, 2013)
DOE/NETL Advanced Carbon Dioxide Capture R&D Program: Technology Update, Pittsburgh, PA.
2nd generation technologies
Performer Focus Benefits Scale
Post-combustion - solvent
Neumann System
Group
Nozzle-Based solvent
deliveryModular, scalable, solvent agnostic 0.5 MWe
University of
Kentucky2-stage regeneration High pressure regeneration 0.7 MWe
General Electric
Global ResearchAmino-silicone solvent Enhanced energetics 1 MWe
ION EngineeringNon-aqueous
solvent/amine mixtureEnhanced energetics 0.7 MWe
CO2 SolutionsEnzyme-catalysed
solventRegeneration energy reduction 0.5 MWe
Post-combustion sorbent
ADA-ES Amine-based sorbent Proof-of-concept at scale 1 MWe
TDAAlkalised alumina sorbent
(fixed bed)Optimised process flow sheet 1 MWe
SRI International Carbon-based sorbent Sorbent attrition resistance 1 MWe
Korea Electric
Power (KEPCO)
Carbonate sorbent
(moving bed)Low-cost sorbent; process concept 10 MWe
2nd generation technologies (cont’d)
Post-combustion membrane
MTR Spiral-wound membrane Process design at scale 1 MWe
GTI Solvent contactor Process intensification 1 MWe
Pre-combustion
SRI InternationalAmmonium carbonate
based solventInexpensive solvent 0.1 MWe
TDA Carbon-based sorbent Process integration 0.1 MWe
Oxy-fuel
Aerojet
Rocketdyne
Pressurised fluidised bed
combustionLatent heat recovery 1 MWe
Net PowerOxy/supercritical CO2
power cycleHigh efficiency power cycle 50 MWth
Alstom Power Inc.Limestone chemical
looping combustionInexpensive oxygen carrier 1 MWe
Industrial
ITRI Korea Calcium looping Heat integration; process flow sheet 1.9 MWth
IFK of University
of StuttgartCalcium looping Optimization and scale-up 200 KWth
ECN SEWGSCombination of CO2 capture and water gas
shift reaction (blast furnace gases)
Performer Focus Benefits Scale
Take-away messages
CCS is a reality in industrial and power sector
Further driving down cost of capture systems needs to be the
focus of future R&D efforts
Successful development of 2nd generation technologies is
critical in advancing more cost-effective capture technologies.
Next wave of CCS projects need decisions now
Challenge is not technology – it is policy and political support
19
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