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ond Based TilapiaHatchery
Management
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Agriculture
BUREAU OF FISHERIES AN A!UATI" RESOUR"ES
National Fresh#ater Fisheries Technology "enter
CLSU Compound, Science City of Muo, !ue"a #ci$a
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Demand for reliable source of %ngerlings constantlydri"es ne& technologies that can raise yields andmeet the nutritional demands of a gro&ingpopulation'
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Hatchery Operatorsm$st ha%e&
are &illing to adopt ne&technologies and betterstrains if these are madea"ailable to them'
necessary education,and ade(uate years ofe)perience
tenure security
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Introd$ction
Simplest and most commonmethod of %ngerlingproduction
*reeders are stoc+ed intoponds and allo&ed to spa&nnaturally
ingerlings are collected -.days after stoc+ing ofbreeders
After /0 to 01 days, ponds arecompletely drained 2reconditioned
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Ad%antages o' Pond()asedHatchery Method
3he management is "ery simple
3he pond ser"es as spa&ning and rearingpond, thus the %ngerlings produced are larger
3he operational cost are lo&
!o supplemental feeding is re(uired at highrates of fertiliation
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isad%antages o' Pond )asedHatchery Method
3he number of %ngerlings produced pers(uare meter is lesser
3he %ngerlings produced are not of thesame sie and needed to be graded uponhar"esting
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Operational Procedures
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PON PREPARATION 4-50 but not more than .0days6 Seining prior to total draining
Conditioning of breeders 4Segregation of 7 and 86
Pond harro&ing 9 pond le"elling
Pest elimination
Pond drying 9 &eeding
Chec+ :-; inlet and gate board 9 screen
Monitoring of the soil p: 4Liming 4optional6
Screening of &ater inlet and outlet
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PON PREPARATION4-50 but not more than .0 days6
A* Pond drainingto collect all stocksto eliminate predators & unwanted species
to remove excess mud & dirt
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if ponds cannot be dried out completely it should be treated (7-10 days prior to stocking toeliminate predatory fish or other pests
!ommon pond treatments"
a# tea seed cake
b# rotenone
c# tobacco dust$powder
* Pest Elimination
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Tea seed ca+e,po#der
a good type of pond-cleaning agent in
a%uaculture and of snail-killing agent in paddy
planting#
enhances microorganism reproductionimproves soil structure strengthens soil fertility
'ecommended application rate" 100-00kg#$ha
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ROTENONE
odorless chemical ser"e asinsecticide, piscicide andpesticide
)0g$ha mix extract with water spray on ponds at ) cm water
depth
let it stand for *-+ days thenflush w$ fresh water or leave the pond undisturbed
for a week
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TOBA""O UST PO-ER
promotes the gro&th of >lablab? and useas >molluscicide? at the same time toeliminate snails and other pest
en"ironment5 friendly 4free from chemical
residues6 011+g9ha'
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"* .e%eling o' pond )ottom
to slope towards the drainage structure toensure complete drainagecultivation makes sub-surface nutrients
available at the surface for the growth of
natural food
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* Pond drying to help eliminate toxic gases
essential especially when mud deposit inbottom is already thick
periodic drying stabili,e soil colloids &
oxidi,es organic matters that enhancegrowth of natural food
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10-0g$m or 100-00kg$ha
eutrali,es acid soil
(soil should have a p.
value of /#)-#0
optimum for primary
reproduction analy,e pond soil at
least once a year
E* Application o' .ime /asneeded0
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Application o' Fertili1ers
Basal
A* "hic+en man$re
.,111 +g9ha and -,111+g9ha per month *roadcast e"enly
before or after pond
%lling
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B* Inorganic (16-20-0)
.11 +g9ha and -11+g9ha permo' apply through broadcasting,
hanging sac+ method ,dissol"ed in &ater during orimmediately after pond %lling
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F* Installation o'Screens
creens on inlet and outletpipes should be replacedand repaired
2rains should be kept freeof wood trash or any otherblockages
creen water inlet$outlet toprevent entry of unwantedspecies in fry or egg form
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2* -ater 3lling
install fine meshnets in the water inlet
and outlet
maintain the waterlevel at a depth of0#+m- 0#3 meter
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"onditioning o' Breeders
after the breeding cycle (simultaneous w$ pondpreparationto restore energy depleted during the breeding
process
breeders are conditioned in separate ponds bysex
re%uired duration is weeks before stocking
stocking density- *-)pcs#$m(
complete diet feeding rate (-*4 5'fre%uency of feeding (-* x a day
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Conditioning Area
Conditioning Hapa (5x10m) Conditioning Pond
4(56pcs*,m7 8(9pcs*,m7
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Selection & Stocking of Breeders
6apilla categori,ation tocking of ready to spawn (' &swollen ( female breeders in hapa#
REA: TO SPA-N /R0
S-O..EN /S0
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Selection .
selection of ready to matemale breeders
stocking of male breedersfollow 1- days after stockingof female breeders
sex 'atio-1 male" * female
() male" 1) female
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Method Se;ratio
Stoc+ing rate
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No. per unit area method
ased from the breeders average body weight8f the breeders are"
100grams-00grams 1pc# reeder
per s%# m#
00grams-*00grams 1pc# reeder
per * s%# m#
*00grams-above 1pc# reeder
per + s%# m#
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;"ercro&ding &ill result in@
=ncrease in male aggression@ males &illha"e diculty in maintaining nest sites
=ncrease in disturbance during spa&ning
Reduction in the proportion of femalesacti"ely spa&ning
=ncreased cannibalism rate of fry by non5spa&ning females and males
!" Comp1#$esktop#Proposal#%xC% '010 raining (1st atc*)#C+rrent management ec*ni,+e of -mproed %xC% '010 roodstock
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Routine Pond Activities
Fertilization(dressing)
Organic Fertilizer011 to 01 +g9ha9&+
Inorganic Fertilizer-0 to 01 +g9ha9&ee+
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Feeding
5 *reeders are fed 5 . Eof the body &eight &ithcommercial or formulatedfeeds
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Water Quality onitoring
-9ater temperature (/-3:!- 2issolved oxygen (;)ppm
- 9ater level (0#+-0#3m
-
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Weed Control
/ec*anical (grass c+tter)
/an+al (+sing sct*e)
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Monitoring
Acti"ities of %shPresence of fry e'g'
school of fry
Mortality occurrence
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Collection of FingerlingsMaterials Needed in Harvesting of Fingerlings
Seine !et
rap !et
Seine !et
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Collection of Fingerlings
ingerlings are collected -. days afterstoc+ing of breeders by seining 4A5net6
Ponds should be seined once perhar"est period
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Conducted &ee+ly
#arly in the morningor &hen the &eatheris cool
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Collection of fingerlings
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Hauling of Fingerlings for Conditioning & Grading
Containers should not be o"erloaded 2 should behauled immediately to minimie mortality'
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=fter +)-)0 days ponds are
completely drained andreconditioned for next production
cycle#
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Fry Prod$ction in
Earthen Pond Usingip Net
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!ip net ("aterials use in #ry collection)
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Preparation for fry collection in pond (dip net)
Collection of fry 2-3 times daily (12-14 days)
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12-14 days fry collection using dip net
Fry collection in pond using dip net
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Fry collection in pond using dip net
(for transfer in nursery hapa/for grading)
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rading of collected fr
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Stocing of fry in nursery hapa
i,e of ursery hapa" )x10x1#)
tocking 2ensity of fry per s%# m#" 1000 pcs#
Feeding
5eeding of fry" 0-*04 body weight
5re%uency of feeding" +-) times a day
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Seining9har"esting of %ngerlings. cycle B -051 days
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!ata a"erage in production of fry in pond
(using dip net/ 1 cycle per pond)
=rea" 100 m
o# of female breeders stock" 100 pcs#
=9" 170 gm#
o# of male breeders stock" +00 pcs#
=9" 130 gm#ex ratio" 1"*
5ry production" +0)00 pcs#
5ingerlings production before draining" +))00 pcs#
otal prod+ction of fr# fingerlings" 2334000 pcs.
2uration of 6roduction" 3 days
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Disadvantages of Hapa Based System
Hapa method requires more management effort
Incubating systems are capital intensive
Labor intensive
High risk of loss in high winds associated with typhoons
Needs expertise
Needs repair or replacement for damaged hapasClogging of hapas
)rood 3sh in