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Cultural Influences on Context: the Educational Setting.
(Meeting – 9)
Globalism, Multiculturalism, and Education.
Globalism promotes the ideal of thinking globally and acting locally by bringing forth numerous and profound changes in the economic, cultural, and political life of nationsMulticulturalism is concerned with establishing cultural connections and transcend our national experience.
Globalism, Multiculturalism, and Education.
Within democratic perspective, multiculturalism recognizes the personal worth and dignity of each individualEducation must find a way to combine particular values within the framework of universal values
Education in a Culturally Diverse Society
The importance of examining the educational setting is based on four reason
We can gain valuable insight into culture by studying its perception of and approach to educationEducation is one of the largest profession in certain countrySchools are a primary means by which a culture’s history and traditions are passed from generation to generationThe function of an educational system is to teach the informal knowledge of a culture
Cultural Differences in Education
Most cultures with formal educational system tend to teach much the same thing– literacy, mathematics, science, history, and so fourthThere is great deal of diversity in education
Cultural Differences in Education
What cultures TeachWhat a culture emphasize in curriculum can give you some insight into the character of that culture
Spanish students are taught the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic. Spanish students are also instructed in formative skills, national spirit, and complementary skills.
Cultural Differences in Education
What cultures TeachChinese education emphasizes the goals of the group society, foster in-group belonging, demands cooperation and independence, and pursue harmony. The Chinese always stress moral education over intellectual and physical educationThe Japanese curriculum emphasizes social studies, democratic political processes, and religious tolerance
Cultural Differences in Education
How Cultures TeachWhat a culture teaches can give you knowledge about that culture.Knowing how culture teaches is just as important because it (a) provides insight into the nature of the culture; (b) helps you understand interpersonal relationship between students and teachers; (c) gives you with the importance a culture places on education
Cultural Differences in Education
How Cultures TeachThe Spanish classroom is characterized by a lack of competition. Unlike American students, Spanish students do not compete for grades. Ideas and information are shared and not treated as if they were the domain of one person.
Cultural Differences in Education
In Japan, prestige is determined almost entirely by education. This has led to the development of a teaching system that is intensely competitive yet nourishes group solidarity and collaboration. Mexico is a collective culture it tends to deal with conflict in a manner that reflects consideration of the feeling of others.
Multicultural Education in USGoals Multicultural Education
In multicultural society and world, it is imperative to recognize and affirm our genuine commonality. Buffee insists “schools should be looking for ways to engage culturally dissimilar students in understanding and dealing with one another effectively”School must provide their students with intellectual awakening and growth. The intellect is exercised through encountering new people, new ideas, and new social constructs
Multicultural Education in USThe problem of educating students in a multicultural nation is not an easy assignment.The challenges and problems facing education in US are complicated by two factors
The US educational system is based on the idea that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as possible The increase of student cultural diversity
Multicultural Education in US
Approaches to multicultural EducationMulticultural education seeks to help students develop the knowledge attitudes, and skills to participate in a free and democratic societyA multicultural education, therefore, must recognize the cultural diversity of students and the effect that diversity has on the learning process
Multicultural Education in US
In the classroom setting, both learning style and language diversity affect how students learn and participate in the educational processThere are four dimension of learning styles subject to cultural variation
CognitiveCommunicationRelationalMotivational style
Multicultural Education in US
Cognitive style understanding the different ways people a large role in determining individual preferences.Understanding the different ways people think and process information is essential to developing learning system appropriate to a multicultural society
Multicultural Education in US
There are four common cognition style in multicultural classroom
Field independence VS field sensitivityThe manner in which people tend to perceive their environment and the emphasis they place on the field or the parts of the field
Cooperative VS CompetitionA cognitive style denoting whether learners prefer to work together in a cooperative environment or to work independently in competition with one another
Multicultural Education in US
Trial and error VS “watch then do”Refers to people’s preference to learn by engaging themselves in a task and learning to do it by trial and error or whether they prefer to observe first and then attempt the task.
Tolerance VS Intolerance for ambiguityHow well people deal with ambiguous situations.
Multicultural Education in US
Communication stylesIn the classroom, communication is the most vital activity because it is the mechanism by which learning occursFour styles of communication most relevant to the multicultural classroom
Direct VS indirect communication The degree to which culture influences whether people prefer to engage in direct or indirect communication.
Multicultural Education in USFormal VS Informal
The degree of formality expected in communication situations
Nonverbal communication too varied to categorized into either/ or styles. The nonverbal communication form is heavily influenced by culture and is often misinterpreted in the classroom
Topic-centered communication VS topic associating communication addresses
The manner in which students examine and study a topic .
Multicultural Education in US
Relational stylesThe manner in which people relate to each other is called their relational styleThere are five relational style in multicultural education.
Dependent VS independent The degree to which students rely on the support, help, and opinions of their teacher
Participatory VS Passive learningHow students prefer to participate in the learning process
Multicultural Education in USReflective VS Impulsivity
The degree to which students rely on the support, help, and opinions of their teacher
Participatory VS Passive learningHow students prefer to participate in the learning process
Reflectivity VS impulsivityIndicative of how long students think about a question or problem before arriving at a conclusion.
Multicultural Education in USAural, visual, and verbal learning
The degree to which students are primarily aural, visual, or verbal learners
Energetic learning VS Calm LearningDescribes whether students function better in highly active and animated classrooms or calm and placid environment
Multicultural Education in US
Motivation Styles Cultures provide diverse reason why it is important and desirable to learn
There are two types of motivational styles Intrinsic VS extrinsic motivation
Concerned with the source of motivationLearning on demand VS learning what is relevant or interesting
Describes whether learning proceeds best based on a set curriculum or whether students should be permitted to learn about what is of interest and immediately relevant to them
Multicultural Education in US
Language Diversity in US Language holds particular significance both in and out of the classroomLanguage is a system of symbolic substitution that enables us to share our experience and internal states with others.A common language assumes mutual understanding.It facilitates shared meaning and allows you to communicate on a similar level
Multicultural education in Indonesia
Have a look at the following pictures. Describe the multicultural education in Indonesia.
Multicultural education in Indonesia
Improving Communication in a Multicultural Classroom
Culture creates expectations about appropriate behaviors for teachers and students and describes the “best”way to learnMulticultural teaching requires incorporation of new educational paradigm if it is to be truly responsible to cultural diverse students
Improving Communication in a Multicultural Classroom
Classroom is community. There are six characteristics of true community that may be applied to the multicultural classrooms
Community must be inclusiveThe member of community must have a strong sense of commitmentCommunity must recognized the necessity of consensusMember of a community must have an awareness of both themselves and othersMembers of the community must feel secure enough to be vulnerable to one anotherThe community must be able to resolve differences
Improving Communication in a Multicultural Classroom
The teaching perspectives must develop several important competencies appropriate for the multicultural education processThese competencies include
Understanding diversityUnderstanding the selfAssessing acculturationMulticultural communication skillsEmpathy
Activities
How can multicultural education be effective if it must deal with a large variety of learning styles and language differences.