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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
PBN Operational Approval
Continental En Route Navigation Specifications
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
Navigation Specifications
• Applicable to Continental En-route operations – RNAV 5
– RNAV 2
– RNP 2
– A-RNP
– RNP 0.3
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5
Navigation Specification
Flight Phase
En Route Oceanic/ Remote
En Route Continental ARR
Approach
DEP Initial Intermed Final Missed
RNAV 5 5 5
RNAV 2 2 2 2
RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
RNP 2 2
A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1
RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5
• B-RNAV (Basic RNAV) in ECAC since 1998
• RNP 5 in Middle East
• RNAV 5 in Caribbean and South America
In the PBN concept RNP 5 does not exist. Any existing RNP 5 approvals should be re-issued as RNAV 5
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 Transition
• RNAV 5 replaces B-RNAV
• Re-examination not required for B-RNAV approved operators
• RNAV 5 requirements are identical to B-RNAV
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 Routes
• RNAV 5 routes dependent on ground aids
• Sufficient VOR and DME coverage required
• Based on basic VOR/DME navigator • Developed in 1970s but now generally obsolete
• May be flown using self contained nav system • IRS or INS • GNSS
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 Systems
• Single nav system permitted
• Typically IRS updated by DME and VOR • GNSS updating not required (classic aircraft)
• INS (independent system) • INS without automatic radio updating - max 2 hrs
• IRS (multi-sensor system)
• GNSS
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 GNSS
• TSO C129a • Older C129 require pseudo-range step detection and health
word checking
• TSO C145/146
• Both stand-alone and FMS systems suitable
• No gaps in integrity coverage > 5 minutes
• FD capability only required
Tip: Any aircraft with a properly installed IFR GNSS receiver is capable of RNAV 5
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 - Functionality
• Continuous indication of position relative to track • Distance and Bearing to active (To) Waypoint • Groundspeed or time to active (To) Waypoint • Storage of 4 waypoints (minimum) • Failure indication of RNAV system • Lateral deviation display:
– Scaling compatible with alerting and annunciation limits – Must have scaling and full-scale deflection
Turbo-jet air transport aircraft do not typically provide a lateral deviation scale (CDI/HSI). Suitably scaled map displays
are considered adequate for RNAV 5
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 - Pre-Flight
• Check Navaid availability: • Ground navaid coverage
• RAIM prediction for GNSS (if required)
• Review contingency procedures
• File ‘R’ in FPL field 10, and ‘PBN/B1-5’ in Item 18 • B1 – All permitted sensors
• B2 – GNSS
• B3 – DME/DME
• B4 – VOR/DME
• B5 – INS/IRS
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 11
R PBN/B1
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 - En-Route
• Cross-check position as required
• Maintain route centreline (+/- 2.5nm)
• Advise ATC if ‘Unable RNAV’
Stand-alone GNSS receivers operating in en-route mode (default) conform to RNAV 5. CDI scaling is
automatically selected to +/- 5NM full scale deflection
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 - Training
Pilot Knowledge: • RNAV system capabilities and limitations
• GNSS principles and operation if GNSS used
• Navaid limitations
• Operating procedures
• Contingency procedures
• Phraseology
• Flight planning Ground training is normally sufficient.
Flight training is not required
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 - Oversight
• Navigation Database: • If fitted must be current and appropriate for the operations
• Oversight of Operators: • Navigation error reports analyzed to determine remedial action:
• Remedial training
• Operational restrictions
• Software changes
Caution: RNAV 5 NavSpec provides for manual entry of waypoints. This should authorised only where necessary and subject to
thorough crew procedures Manual entry should be prohibited where a database is carried
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
Certification Documentation
• FAA Order AC90-96A
– Approval of US Operators and Aircraft to operate under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) in European Airspace designated for Basic Area Navigation (B-RNAV) and Precision Area Navigation (P-RNAV)
• EASA AMC 20-4
– Airworthiness Approval and Operational Criteria for the use of Navigation Systems in European Airspace designated for Basic RNAV operations
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 5 - Summary
• Automatic transition from B-RNAV to RNAV 5
• Existing B-RNAV approvals should be re-issued as RNAV 5
• Almost all aircraft with basic Area Navigation capability qualify
• Single navigation system
• Formal operational approval may not be necessary
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
Navigation Specification
Flight Phase
En Route Oceanic/ Remote
En Route Continental ARR
Approach
DEP Initial Intermed Final Missed
RNAV 5 5 5
RNAV 2 2 2 2
RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
RNP 2 2
A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1
RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
RNAV 2
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 2
• Operational Approval is “RNAV 1 and RNAV 2”
• Separate RNAV 2 approval not required
• Suitable for en-route continental operations
• Routes dependent on ground aids
• Adequate DME and/or VOR coverage required • ANSP consideration
• Not an ops approval issue
• RNAV 1 and 2 approval permits operations on: • RNAV 2 routes
• RNAV 1 routes/procedures (SIDs/STARs)
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 19
R PBN/C1
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNAV 2 - En-Route
• Cross-check position as required
• Maintain route centreline (+/- 1nm)
• Advise ATC if unable RNAV 2
Stand-alone GNSS receivers operate in en-route mode by default. But CDI scaling is automatically selected to +/- 5NM full scale deflection
The track keeping requirements for RNAV 2 can be met provided the flight crew maintains +/- 1NM (one dot)
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
A-RNP 2 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1
RNP 2
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNP 2
• GNSS required
• May be used in varied environments
• Oceanic/Remote/Continental En-route
• Geographic areas with little or no ground NAVAID infrastructure, limited or no ATS surveillance, and low to medium density traffic
• Will gradually replace RNAV 5 for continental routes
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNP 2 Continental En-route
• Continental En-route requires lower continuity
• Duplicated navigation equipment not required
• Provided suitable alternate navigation available
• If RNP 2 Ops Approval is limited to Continental En-route
• Must be annotated as a condition on the approval
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
Navigation Specification
Flight Phase
En Route Oceanic/ Remote
En Route Continental ARR
Approach
DEP Initial Intermed Final Missed
RNAV 5 5 5
RNAV 2 2 2 2
RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
RNP 2 2
A-RNP 2 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1
RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Advanced RNP
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
A-RNP
• Advanced RNP
• Single assessment of aircraft eligibility applying to more than one navigation accuracy requirement and to multiple applications across all phases of flight.
• Incorporates RNAV 5, RNAV 2, RNAV 1, RNP 1 and RNP APCH.
• Applicable for oceanic/remote, continental en-route, arrivals, departures and approaches.
• Relies solely on integrity of RNP system without recourse to conventional means of navigation.
Variable
Variable Desired
Path
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
A-RNP
• Avoids the need for individual operational approvals
• Published in 4th Edition PBN Manual
• Manufacturers yet to document A-RNP capability
• Relies entirely on RNP system (GNSS) • no back-up ground navaids required
• Additional requirements: • RF required for SIDs/STARs/Approaches
• Options • FRT, TOAC, VNAV, Scalable RNP
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
A-RNP Functionality
• Requires RF functionality
• FRT, Scalable RNP, Baro VNAV, Higher Continuity and Time of Arrival Control are optional
• Integrity provided by SBAS or ABAS
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
A-RNP Functionality
Displays of: • Deviation
• Active waypoint
• Bearing and distance to active waypoint
• Groundspeed, time and distance to go to active waypoint
• Desired track
• Actual track
• Slaved course
• Active sensor
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
A-RNP Functionality
• Path terminator capability: • CA, CF, DF, FA, FM, HM, IF, RF, TF, VA, VI, VM
• Transitions and automatic sequencing • Fly-over, fly-by, Fixed radius (RF & FRT)
• Intercept final approach • Holding • Parallel Off-set • Direct to • Automatic RNP changes • Navigation database
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
Navigation Specification
Flight Phase
En Route Oceanic/ Remote
En Route Continental ARR
Approach
DEP Initial Intermed Final Missed
RNAV 5 5 5
RNAV 2 2 2 2
RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
RNP 2 2
A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1
RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
RNP 0.3
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
RNP 0.3
• Intended for short range operations – Typically helicopters
– Also applicable to fixed wing
• RNP 0.3 capability – Departure
– En-route
– Arrival
– Approach
• Typically requires FMS
• Capability to provide 0.3 in all phases of flight
Note: Most helicopters are fitted with stand-alone receivers which operate in fixed modes.
RNP 0.3 requires advanced systems which permit RNP to be selected
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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
Questions?
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