HEART FAILURE
HEART FAILUREde Leon, Jan Gilde los Santos, RosheilDitti,
Zah-AraDivinagracia, Joshua Heart FailureA pathophysiological state
in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for the
failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the
requirements of the metabolizing tissues.
Heart FailureHeart FailureThe cardinal manifestations:
dyspnea and fatigue, which can limit exercise tolerancefluid
retention, which can lead to pulmonary congestion and peripheral
edema.
Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failurefeatures of circulatory
congestion (fluid retention) :jugular venous distension, rales,
peripheral edema, and ascites. Adjectives such as chronic, overt,
treated, untreated, undulating, worsening and compensated can
precede the phrase.
Systolic FailureHF with depressed EF
Diastolic FailureHF with preserved EFRight-Sided Heart FailureA
clinical syndrome characterized by tissue congestion: jugular
venous distention, peripheral edema, ascites, and abdominal organ
engorgement.
There is marked impairment of right ventricular systolic
performance, usually with right ventricular dilatation and severe
tricuspid regurgitation.
Right-Sided Heart FailureThere are multiple causes of this
syndrome:severe left-sided heart failure (the commonest
cause)severe lung disease with chronic hypoxemia and pulmonary
hypertension (cor pulmonale)right ventricular myocardial
infarctionprimary pulmonary hypertensioncongenital abnormalities of
the heartLeft-Sided Heart FailureA clinical syndrome where the
dominant feature is fluid congestion in the lung (pulmonary edema)
rather than in the systemic circulation
Acute Heart FailureSome physicians limit this term to a serious
medical emergency synonymous with acute pulmonary edemaIn recent
years the meaning of the phrase has been extended to include new
onset heart failure worsening heart failure on a background of
chronic heart failureClinical ClassificationSymptom OnsetSigns and
SymptomsHemodynamicsOther DiagnosticsI Acute decompensated
congestive heart failureUsually gradualPeripheral edema (often
significant), dyspnea, usually well-perfused extremitiesSBP: Low
normal/highCXR: Normal or mild interstitial edema, possible pleural
effusionCI: Low normal/highPCWP: Mildly increasedII Acute heart
failure with hypertension/hypertensivecrisisOften very
rapidDyspnea, altered mental status, possible oliguria/anuriaSBP:
High (>180/100 mm Hg)CXR: Normal or interstitial edemaCI:
Usually normalPCWP: >18 mm HgIII Acute heart failure with
pulmonary edemaRapid or gradualSevere dyspnea, tachypnea,
tachycardiaSBP: Low normalSaO2:
