Nara finds his dream job

Control a robot using Lightbot!

Test your engineering skills

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បញជាមនសសយនតដ�ោយដបើ ឡៃថបត (lightbot)

ណជារជាបានរកដ�ើញកជារងជារកនង កដសឡមរបសគជាត

សជាកលបងជនជាញ វសវកមមរបសបអន

SCIENCE

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATHS

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TECHNOLOGY

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Design concept Project name: STEMDesigned by Panhavuth Kret

C100 M72 Y0 K18.5

C0 M91 Y76 K6

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATHS

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SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATHS

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Building Angkor: the science behind

the cityការសាងសងបរាសាទអងគរវតត៖ វទយាសាសសត

ដែលនៅពនបកាយទបរងមយនេះ

N.06Mar. 2017

SCIENCE EDUCATION

SCIENCE NEWS 3 Text

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មេរសសពភពនសងពរងមាេ ពធជបនលៀងនៅលបឌសកឬ?ពនលចាងជះទាងននះតរវបាននេនៅថា អារ រ(aurora) ដែលន�ើន�ើងនោយធមមជាទាងសរង ន�ើយដែលមានរយៈនពលពរបដែជានរៀងរលឆនា នៅបល ពនលននះតរវបានបនងកើន�ើង នោយការជបគនា រវាងថាមពលពតពះអាទយ នង ឧមមន�នានងបរយាកាដែនែ។

New STEM academy inaugurated in Phnom PenhA brand new school, called Neeson-Cripps Academy (NCA), was officially opened in February in Steung Meanchey District. It provides afterschool education to more than 300 disadvantaged students in Grades 8 to 12, with a special focus on STEM subjects. With international standard science laboratories, e-learning facilities and access to the latest digital technologies, its objective is to increase the number of professionals working in STEM and boost the country’s development.

Science news

ComicNara the exercise physiologist

Feature articleAngkor's engineers

Meet the expertChrin Pat, engineer

Budding scientistEngineer a strong bridge!

Geek zoneControl a robot using Lightbot!

It's all fun and games

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N°06 - March 2017

Science News

2 SUMMARY

Photo credit: Neeson-Cripps Academy

Are aliens having a disco party?This light display, called aurora, is completely natural and appears for a few months every year in the North and South poles of our planet. The lights are caused by interactions between energy from the sun and gases in the earth's atmosphere.

US Navy dolphins help save endangered porpoises

Scientists have been trying to save the critically endangered porpoises near the coast of Mexico. With less than 60 still alive on the planet, the aim is to capture and hopefully conserve as many of them as possible. For this difficult mission, the US Navy has teamed up with the great underwater detectives that are… dolphins! Their natural sonar ability, which enables them

to find targets in deep or murky water, is said to be much better than any existing technology!

សតវនោតនេងទពនជើងទលសហរែឋអានមរជយសនសគះសតវបតរាដែេ ដែលជតរតពជត�រមអនា�វទយាសាសរបានពយាយាមជយនរគ ះវរបមរដែលជែនពជដែលនៅជននារននតបនទ

មន� ន�។ នោយសារដវននះនៅលដចជាង ៦០�បាល ដែលនៅរនៅនលើភពដែនែ ត�រមអនា� វទយាសាសរមាននគលបណងចងចាបយ�ម�អភរ�សនអាយបាននតចើនតាមដអាចនធវើបាន។ តមាប នប��មមលបា�ននះ �ងទមពនជើងទ�អានមរ�បានចាបនែេជាមយនងអនា�ន នើបអនងកនៅនតកាមទ�ែអសាចា រយេល វនែសោ! មថភាព�ណទតាងនោយរល�ន�ងរបវនែសោនធវើនអាយ

ព�វាដវងរ�នគលនៅនៅ�នានងទ�នតរៅ ឬលអ�បាន ន�ើយមននសនជឿថា មថភាពវនែសោពដ�ជាង បនចចា�វទយាដែលមននសបនងកើនៅនទៀ!

MARINE BIOLOGY

Baby dinosaur tail conserved in amberThe tail of a baby dinosaur was recently found in a chunk of amber, a hard

yellowish translucent substance that comes from trees. This discovery is very exciting for palaeontologists because there are clearly identifiable bits of dinosaur

in it, such as skin and bones. They found that this tail belonged to a dinosaur from the T-Rex family and that it is 99 million years old! This fossil will give a lot of useful

information on how feathers evolved.

ជវសាសសតបររាណ៖ េទយេសតវដាយណសរបតរវរាេរោទរនៅទងជរន�ើ�ននយ�នវោយណ មរមយនទើបដតរវបានរ�ន�ើញ�នានងជមរន�ើមយ ដែលជាសារធា នលអ�រងពណ

នលឿងនចញពនែើមន�ើមយ។ ការរ�ន�ើញននះជានច�រនភើបមយយាងខងម�កានជវសាសរ

បនរណវទ នោយសារដមានបដណ�ននវោយណ មរដែលអាច�ណអរញញា ណបានយាងចបា

នៅ�នានងជមរនោះ ែចជាដបែ�នងអង។ ព�នេបានរ�ន�ើញថា �ននយននះជារបវោយណ មរពត�រម

ធ រន� (T-Rex) ន�ើយថាវាមានអាយន ៩៩លានឆនា ន�ើយ! ែ នលននះនងែរលពមមានដែលមាន

សារតបនយាជនយាងនតចើនអពនបៀបដែលនរមសាបវវវឌឍ។

វទយាសាេនេ វទយាសាសសត បនចេវជ វសវមម គណតវទយា (STEM) ថមរាេសនមាពធនៅរាជធាេភនពញសាលានរៀនដែលនទើបនងនបើ�មានន ម ះថា ន នន តេប (Neeson-Cripps) នៅកា NCA តរវបាននបើ�ជាែវការនៅ�នានងដែ�នមៈនៅរក ងមានជមយ។ សាលាននះ ែលជនការអបរនៅនពលនងៃែលស ដែលជបការលបា�ជាង ៣០០ោ� ពថានា �ទ៨ ែលទ១២ នោយន រ ជា ពននលើតបធានបទ វទយាសាសរ បនចចា�វទយា វ វ�មម េណវទយា(STEM)។ ជាមយនងងោរអនរជា មនរពនសាធន វទយាសាសរ មារៈនអ�ចតរនច នងបនចចា�វទយាឌជលចនងនតកាយបែន សាលាននះមាននគលបណង�នានងការបនងកើនចននននអនា�ជោញ វទយាសាសរ បនចចា�វទយា វ វ�មម េណវទយា (STEM) នង ជរនញការអភវឌឍរបតបនទ�មនជា។

PALEONTOLOGY

Comic

COMIC 5

Sophea: Goal!!! Lakhena: I don’t want to be a scientist. I want to be a famous footballer.

Using scientific principles, I help athletes maximize their performance, such as improving their speed, agility, power, strength… so that they can reach their full potential.

Sophea: I think his ankle is sprained.Nara: Oh no! I won’t be able to play at the tournament this weekend!

And, since I love sports so much, I use this knowledge to further my own goals as a footballer too.

Panha: Wait for it... we were just warming up.Nara: Panha, you’re a bad loser!

I’m an exercise physiologist!

Nara: Hey!

Teacher: Oh no! What happened?Nara: I’ll never win the football tournament - that’s what happened!

Nara: Awesome! I had no idea that I could be into sports and science at the same time!

Panha: No I’m not. I’m just warning you. I’m the best footballer in this school!

My job is to look at the way the body responds to exercise. I provide scientific support to athletes - especially to footballers, as it is my favorite sport!

Nara: Ouuuuuch!Panha: Sorry Nara. With my knowledge of anatomy, I can help athletes to train in the

right way so that they don’t get injured.

Teacher: I’m sorry Nara. How about we give you a turn with the magic goggles today? Will that make you feel better?

Sophea: Maybe you can start by teaching Panha how not to foul!

THE TIMEFLASH GOGGLES: NARA THE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST

4 COMIC: THE TIMEFLASH GOGGLES: NARA THE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST Stor

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ការជាមយនងចនណះែងននរងកាយមននស ែនអាចជយបណរន ះបណរ លអរពល�រនោយរនបៀបតមតរវនែើមបែការពារការរងរប។

Science News

6 SUMMARY SCIENCE NEWS 7

ទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទ! ទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទ ទទ% ទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទ

2. EMPATHISE This is the stage when engineers test their assumptions by talking to the people who are the most affected by the problem. For example, the urban planners would have asked villagers whether their houses and crops were getting too much or too little water.

េលជាែណ�កាលដែលវ វ�រសា�លបែងការនមរបព�នេនោយការរអនា�ដែលរងែលបះពាលពបញហា ននះ។ ឧទា�រណ៖អនា�នរៀបចដែនការ

ទត�រងនងរអនា�ភមថា ន ើែះនងែណរបព�គទទលបានទ�នតចើននព� ឬ ចនព�ឬនទ។

FEATURE 7

The building of Angkor complex started more than 1000 years ago but, like every other city, the builders had to apply

engineering principles. Engineering is a branch of science that involves designing and building things - such as machines, systems or structures - to solve a particular problem. There are many different types of engineers: mechanical, electrical, architectural… but all of them use the engineering process. When the Khmer kings decided they wanted to build cities around their new temples, urban planning engineers had to get to work and start the engineering design process.

The science behind the ancient city

ការ�សាងតបាសាទអងគរវរបានចាប នែរើមនតចើនជាងមយ១០០០ឆនា មនន បនដនរែចទត�រងនែសងនទៀដែរ អនា�សាងងតរវនតបើនគលការណ វ វ�មម។ វ វ�មមេលជាដែនា�មយនន វទយាសាសរដែលទា�ទងនង ការរចោ នងការសាងង (ែច ជា មា ននតបពមនធ ឬ រចោមមនធ) នែើមបែនោះសសាយបញហា ណមយ។

វ វ�រមាននតចើនតបនភទែនៗគនា ៖ នមកានច អេគន សាថ បយ�មម-ល-។ បនដនរព�នេទាងអនតបើែនណើ រការ វ វ�មម។ នៅនពលដែលតពះមហា�សត ដែមរនែសងៗគនា បាននតមចចរ�សាង ទត�រងនៅជនវញតបាសាទមណមយ វ វ�រដែលនធវើដែនការទត�រងតរវ នៅនធវើការ នងចាបនែរើមែនណើ រការ រចោវ វ�មម។

វទយាសាសតដលនៅពកយ ទករងបររាណមយនះ

វសវករឡនបាសជាទអងគរវតត

4. PROTOTYPEThis stage is when engineers make models to test out their designs. The urban planners of ancient Cambodia made some very accurate maps and they designed a system of roads and rivers that followed a precise east/west and north/south grid. They even decided to move the Siem Reap river so that it would fit with their grid! They probably also built test barays so they could experiment with the best ways to construct them.

ននះជាែណ�កាលដែលវ វ�របនងកើេរនែើមបែសា�លបែងការរចោរបព�នេ។ អនា�នរៀបចដែនការទត�រងននតបនទ�មនជាមមយបនរណបានបនងកើ ដែនទយាងតមតរវមយចនន ន�ើយ ព�នេបានរចោតបពមនធែវនាលនងទននដែលមានពន�ើនៅលច នងពនជើងនៅបែងយាងចបាលាតាមត�ឡាចតងគ។ ព�នេដមទាងនតមចចរបរទតាងទនននៀមរបនែើមបែនអាយទនននោះ�រចលត�ឡាចតងគននទននរបព�នេ! ! ព�នេតបដ�លជាបាន�សាងេរបារយណ នែើមបែនអាយព�ពនសាធនរ�វធលអបែន�នានងការសាងង។

1. DISCOVER This is when engineers do their research. The urban planners of the Angkorian period would have started by looking into the physical environment of the land, such as where it was flat and stable enough for a large and heavy construction, but also, how much rain falls in the area.

ការដវងយល េលនៅនពលដែលវ វ�រនធវើការសសាវតជាវ។ អនា�នរៀបចដែនការទត�រងននមមយអងគរតរវចាបនែរើមនោយការមងនមើលជនវញណឋា នែែចជាការរ�ែដែលមានរងដប នង មាននថរភាពតេបតគនតមាបការសាងងទ�ធនងទងនធងៃនបនដនរ�តរវនមើល�តមទ�នភៀង�នានងបននោះដែរ។

3. IDEATE Once they have gathered information, engineers start

thinking of all the possible solutions

for the problem. The urban planners of the new city would have considered

many options, such as building

canals to channel the water, raising the

buildings, raising the land on which the buildings would be constructed, or building a floating city.

នពលដែលព�នេបានតបមលពមមានន�ើយ វ វ�រចាបនែរើមេអពែនណះសសាយបញហាននះតាមដែលអាចនធវើបាននៅ។ អនា�នរៀបច ដែនទននទត�រងមនងដវងរ�ជនតមើជានតចើនែចជាការ�សាងតបឡាយទ�នែើមបែបងហារទ� ការនលើ�អគរ ការនលើ�ែតមាបសាងងអគរែនចនាះព�នេអាចសាងងនៅនលើទែ ឬសាងងទត�រងអដណរ ទ�នោះដែរ។

Human-centred designing aims to involve the people who will benefit from what is being engineered in the design process. It emphasizes the importance of understanding how people think and what makes them act in one way or another.ការរចោនោយន រ នលើតបជាជនមាននគលបណង�នានងការរមបញចា លមននសដែលនងទទលបានតបនយាជនព ែនណើ រការវ វ�មម។ វាងកធងៃននលើសារៈខនននការយលែងពេនរបមននសនងន� នែលដែលព�នេនធវើអវមយ។

Engineering process

5. Deliver

Feature

ANGKOR’S ENGINEERS

6 FEATURE: ANGKOR'S ENGINEERS

SCIENCE NEWS 9

Science News

8 SUMMARY

ទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទ! ទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទ ទទ% ទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទទ

FEATURE 9

Feature

8 FEATURE: ANGKOR'S ENGINEERS

The temple of Angkor was so big and complex that it was a feat of science and engineering!

Archaeologists, the scientists who study manmade objects from the distant past to learn about how people used to live, have made many discoveries from analysing the temple and its surroundings.តបាសាទអងគរវរធនងមនេសាម ញដែលជាសានា នែែអសាចា រយននវទយាសាសរ នង វ វ�មម!

បនរណវទអនា�វទយាសាសរដែល�សោ របដែលមននសបានបនងកើពបនរណនែើមបែនរៀនអពរនបៀបដែលតបជាជនធាប រនៅបាននធវើការរ�ន�ើញជានតចើនព ការវភាេនលើតបាសាទ នងបនជនវញ។

Architectural engineers had to think about what were the best materials to use. Laterite (a special type of rock that is very strong) was used to keep the walls standing tall, but sandstone was wrapped around it so artists could decorate the temple with beautiful carvings.

តបាសាទអងគរវរធនងមនេសាម ញដែលជាសានា នែែអសាចា រយននវទយាសាសរនងវ វ�មម! បនរណវទ

អនា�វទយាសាសរដែល�សោរបដែលមននសបានបនងកើពបនរណនែើមបែនរៀនអពរនបៀបដែល

តបជាជនធាបរនៅបាននធវើការរ�ន�ើញជានតចើនពការវភាេនលើតបាសាទនងបនជនវញ។

Builders drilled holes and filled them

before using a special technique to construct

the temple that involved grinding two blocks of sandstone together and then adding water to act as a glue so that the bricks didn’t fall apart.

វ វ�រណងសាថ បយ�មមតរវដវងរ�មារៈលអបែននែើមបែយ�ម�នតបើ។ មបាយនត�ៀម (ជាតបនភទមពនមយដែលរងមា) តរវបាននេនតបើតបានែើមបែរ�សោជញជា ងនអាយ�រមាែ ន�ើយនតបើមភ�ម�តេបជញជា ងនែើមបែនអាយលបែ�រអាច នបដងតបាសាទជាមយ នងចមា�ែសសាអ ។ អនា�សាងងនចាះ រនធ�នានងមមនននពលនតបើបនចចា�នទពនមយនែើមបែសាងងតបាសាទនោយការយ�មភ�ពរម�តែនគនា ន�ើយបោបម�នតបើទ�នធវើជាកាវបទនែើមបែ�ននអាយឥែឋាធា�ោចពគនា ។

To prevent the temples from sinking into the ground, the soil beneath Angkor Wat had to be removed, up to a depth of 2m, and then filled up with special layers of sand, stone, clay,and another layer of sand. From an engineering point of view, this distributed the weight evenly and it is why this incredibly large temple has stayed standing for so many centuries. Archaeologists also believe that King Suryavarman II wanted new ‘pure’ soil for this holy site.

នែើមបែការពារតបាសាទពការលចចលនៅ�នានងែ ព�នេបានជ�យ�ែនៅនតកាមតបាសាទអងគរវរនចញរ�ែលនៅជនតរៅ២ដមត បោបម�បនពញន�ើងជាមយនងសទាបពនដែលមានែសោចែនមែឥែឋា រចែសោចនៅសទាបនែសងបនរនទៀ។ នបើេតាមវ វ�មមទមងៃនតរវបានពតរយយាងនមើគនា ន�ើយវាេលជាមលន� នដែលតបាសាទែធអសាចា រយននះបាន�រយាងមាអជានតចើនវសែនចនាះ។ បនរណវទនជឿែងដែរថា តពះបាទរយវរ មមនទ២ចងបានែ«បរ នទធ»មតមាបបនបរ នទធននះ។

Engineers had to make accurate mathematical calculations and identify the right geometrical shapes to design the structure of the temple. They carefully arranged blocks of stone into arches without gluing them together: first the blocks were shaped so that they would fit together well, and then they were kept in place using the physics principle of counterweight. The weight of the stones push down on each other, with each stone keeping the other ones around it in place and supporting the structure.

វ វ�រតរវេណោតាមេណវទយានអាយបានចបាលានង�ណរបរងនោយនតបើធរណមាតនអាយបានតមតរវនែើមបែនរៀបចរចោមមនធននតបាសាទ។ ព�នេបាននតមៀបែនមជារងដែសនកាងយាងតបរងតបយមនានោយមនចាបាចនតបើកាវប៖ ែបងែនមតរវបានកាជារងមយដែលព�វានងោ�នអាយតរវគនា បានយាងលអន�ើយបោបម�ព�នេតរវបានោ�នអាយនៅនងកលនោយនតបើនគលការណរបវទយាននទមងៃននមើ។

ទមងៃនននែនមងកចនះនៅនលើគនា ន�ើយែនមនមយៗទបែនមនៅជនវញវានែសងនទៀនអាយន�ើយទបរចោមមនធននះដែរ!

FEATURE 9

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Chrin Chrin PhatEngineer, Cambodian Water Supply Association

LS: What is your job like? I am a technical engineer and my role is to provide clean and up-to-standard water for villagers. As an engineer I have to decide how to make the water clean. To do so, we go through the engineering process. In the “ideate” phase we decide which solution to apply. For example, we choose proper water pumps and we train and coach the villagers about the operation and maintenance of the water supply equipment. LS ៖ នតើការគររបសអមាេលខណៈែនមដេដែរ?ែនជាវ វ�របនចចា�នទ ន�ើយែនមានោទែគែគងទ�សាអ នៅតាមងោរតមាបអនា�ភម។ នតពាះែនជាវ វ�រ ែនជាអនា�នតមចអពរនបៀបនែើមបែនធវើនអាយទ�សាអ ។ នែើមបែនធវើែនចនាះបាន នយើងតរវនធវើតាមែនណើ រការវ វ�មម។ នៅ�នានងែណ�កាល «ការបនងកើេន» នយើងតរវនតមចរ�ែនណះសសាយម�អននវរ ។ ឧទា�រណ នយើងនតជើនរ ើ យ�មា ននបមទ�បានតមតរវ

ន�ើយនយើងតរវនៅបណរន ះបណរ នងបងវ�អនា�ភមអពតបបការនងការដរ�សោឧប�រណែគែគងទ�។

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LS: Why did you decide to become an engineer? I have been interested in this area since I was in Grade 9. There are so many fields of life that need engineering skills. However I was most interested in rural development. I want to help the people who live in rural areas to improve their lives. I like seeing people happy because their lives have been made easier.

LS ៖ នហតរអវរាេជអសនបមតតនធវើជវសវរ?ែនបានចាបអារមមណនងមនែជោញននះតាងពែននរៀនថានា �ទ៩ ម�នមះ។ មានមនែជោញជានតចើននៅ�នានងជវ តបចានងៃដែល តរវការជោញវ វ�មម។ បនដនរ ែនមានចណបអារមមណធ ជាងនេនៅនលើការអភវឌឍជនបទ។ ែនចងជយតបជាជនដែល រនៅ�នានងបនជនបទ�នានងការដ�លអជវ រនៅរបព�

នេ។ ែនចលចរន�ើញមននសបបាយចរនោយសារជវ របព�នេអាចមានភាពរយសរលជាងមនន។

Angkor Wat is ‘floating’ on a swamp - not a very stable surface! So engineers designed “barays” which were connected to channels underneath the temple. Without these, the temple would have sunk into the ground during the dry season, and risen when the water soaked the ground in the wet season. This would have been very unstable and the temple wouldn’t have survived for many years!

អងគរវរេល�ពនង«អដណរ »នៅនលើវាលភ� - ដែលមនដមនជានែដែលមាននថរភាពបនោម ននទ! ែនចនាះវ វ�របានរចោ «បារយណ» ដែល តរវបានភាជា បនៅនងបណរ ញទ�នៅនតកាមតបាសាទ។ នបើគម នបារយណនទ តបាសាទននះនងតរវលចចលនៅ�នានងែនៅរែវតបាង នង អដណន�ើងនៅនពលដែលទ�តជាបចលែនៅរែវវសោ។ ន�ើយនោះ នែែនងគម នភាពថនថរ ន�ើយតបាសាទ ននះនងមនមានជវ ររនអរយៈនពលជានតចើនឆនា ែនចនាះដែរ!

10 BUDDING SCIENTIST: ENGINEER A STRONG BRIDGE CONTROL A ROBOT USING LIGHTBOT! 11

If you enter the right steps, you will see your robot walking forward and lighting up the square. Cool! Now you're ready to go to the next level. Click the green fast-forward button to continue to the next mission.

តបននបើបអននធវើតមតរវ បអននងនងន�ើញមននសយនរបអននែើរនៅមនែ នងបភលតបអបកានរ។ អសាចា រយ! ឥ�វននះបអនអាចចលនៅនលង�តមបោបបានន�ើយ។ ចនចប នងនបងនែើមបែពននឿនន�គមនៅមនែនែើមបែនលងន�គម�តមបោបនទៀ។

04

Lightbot is a game where you control a small robot that wants to light up squares. You do this in the same way that engineers programme real robots: you give it a list of steps that it will follow exactly.

You can download the full game using your computer or smartphone. For this lesson, however, we will go through the demo puzzles that you can play directly from your browser. →

ន�ប (Lightbot) េលជាន�គមដែលបអនអាចបញជាមននសយនរចមយដែលចងនធវើនអាយកានរទាងអភល។ អវដែលបអននធវើននះេលែចបអននធវើជាវ វ�ររនរ�មមវធនអាយមននសយនរដមនដទន៖ បអនតបាបជហានទាងអនែើមបែនអាយមននសយនរនែើរតាមនអាយែច។

បអនអាចទាញយ� (download) ន�គមទាងមលតាមរយៈ�នពយទមរ ឬទរពនែទននើបរបបអន។ តមាបនមនរៀនននះ ព�នយើងនងសា�លបែងនលងដលបែងលបែងតបាជានដែលបអនអាចនលងនោយលតាមរយៈតបពមនធអនននធើដណ។

CONTROL A ROBOT USING LIGHTBOT!

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After you click on the big green "Play" button, the game

will take you to a screen where you can choose a level. Click on the robot under the word "Basics".

បោបពបអនចនចនលើប នងធនបង «Play» បអននងន�ើញ�តមននន�គមដែលបអនអាចនតជើនរ ើ បាន។ មចនចនៅនលើមននសយនរដែលនៅនតកាម «Basics»។

Go to "www.lightbot.com." Scroll down and click the red "Demo Puzzles" button. មចលនៅកាន «www.lightbot.com»។ ចនះនៅនតកាមរចចនចប នងត��មន ម ះ «Demo Puzzles»។

Click on the first level. You will see your robot standing on the screen surrounded by blocks. Your goal is to light up the dark blue box. To do this there are a few commands listed at the bottom of your screen. Click on the commands that you want your robot to do in the correct order, then click the "Play" button.

ចនចនលើ�តមែបង។ បអននងន�ើញមននសយនររបបអនដែល�នមពមទធនោយតបអបនៅ�ពនង�រ ។ បអនតរវនធវើនអាយតបអបនែៀវងងទាងអភល។ នែើមបែទទលនជាេជមយ បអនមានពា�យបញជា នៅ�នានងបញជា នៅដែនា�ខងនតកាមនននអត�ងរបបអន។ មចនចនៅនលើពា�យបញជា ណដែលបអនចងមននសយនររបបអននធវើតាមលោបលនោយតមតរវ បោបម�ចនចប នង «Play»។

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This level is a little trickier than the first one. However, if you enter the sequence of steps you see in the box you should be able to finish the mission without too many problems.

�តមននះពបា�ជាង�តមែបងបនរច។ នទាះជាយាងណ�នោយ តបននបើបអនបញចា លលោបលនោយននជហានដែលបអននមើលន�ើញនៅ�នានងតបអប នោះបអនេរដអាចយ��នាះន�គមនោយមនពបា�នព�នទ។

It may seem simple, but this game will teach you important programming ideas. See how many levels you can complete. If you feel brave, go ahead and try out some of the harder stages. Have fun!ន�គមននះហា�ែចជាសាមញញា បនដនរវានងបនតងៀនបអនពេនខនៗ�នានងការរនរ�មមវធ�នពយទមរ។ មសា�លបែងនលងលនមើលថា ន ើបអននលង�នាះបានបនោម ន�តមដែរ។ តបននបើបអនមានចរកាហាន មសា�លបែងនលង�តមពបា�ៗជាងមនន។ ងមថាបអនបបាយជាមយនងន�គមននះ!

Budding Scientist

Send your answers and pictures to littlescientists@gmail.com We can publish them in the next issue.

សមដញើចដមលើយនងរបភជាពបអនមកកជាន អដមមល littlescientists@gmail.com។។ ពក ដយើងអជាចយកអវដម�លបអនដញើមកដបាះពមភសជាយដនៅកនងទសសនជាវ�ដដលខដកោយដទៀតដយើង។

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Geek Zone

Engineer a strong bridge!In the City of Angkor, in addition to the buildings, the engineers had to construct bridges to cross the moat. Just like the Angkor engineers, you can test out a few bridge designs and determine the best one to build!

What you will need: • 3 sheets of paper• 2 cups• Scissors• Tape• Several small rocks or toy pieces

What to do: • Fold Paper #1 in half, lengthwise.• Cut Paper #2 in half, lengthwise.• Fold the sides of both cut pieces to make a U shape.• Tape the two U pieces together to form a rectangular box.• Make small folds in Paper #3 lengthwise so that the edge of the paper looks like lots of V shapes.• Place the two cups upside down on a flat surface about 7 cm apart.• Set Paper #1 on top of the cups.• Add small rocks until the paper collapses.• Do the same for Paper #2 and Paper #3.

How many rocks can each page hold? The design of the third bridge is best because the special V shapes, called ridges, allow the weight of the rocks to be spread across the strongest parts of the paper. Place you hand on the top of the ridges, does it feel stronger than the other designs?

នៅ�នានងត�រងអងគរបដនថមពនលើការសាងងអគរវ វ�រតរវសាងងសានងកាទ�។ ែចជាវ វ�រតបាសាទអងគរដែរ បអន�អាច សា�លបែង រចោមែសានមយចនន ន�ើយបអន អាច�ណនោយែនឯងថាសានណលអបែន!

បកេេលងបតរវការ៖ • ត�ោ៣ន�• ដពង២• �ននរ• កន• ែនមចៗមយចនន ឬបដណ�តបោបន�មងនលង

អវដែលបតរវនធវើ៖• បត�ោទ១ជាពា��ណរ ល (បតាមបនណរ យ)។• កាត�ោទ២ជាពា��ណរ ល (បតាមបនណរ យ)។• បជាយននត�ោទាងពរ ន�ើយកាត�ោ ទាងនោះជារងអ�សរ U។• យ�បដណ�រងអ�សរ U ទាងនោះម�បកន រមគនា នែើមបែបនងកើតបអបច ននកាណមយ។• បត�ោទ៣ (បតាមបនណយ) ដបនរចនទែនចនាះជាយននត�ោនោះនមើលនៅែចជារងអ�សរV។• ក បដពងពរនៅនលើទរបមយនអាយឃគនា តបដ�ល៧ងទដមត។• យ�ត�ោទ១ ោ�នៅនលើដពងទាងពរនោះ។ោ�មនៅនលើត�ោនោះរ�ែលវាបា�ធា�។• នធវើែចគនា ចនពាះត�ោទ២នងត�ោទ៣។

ន ើមានែនមចៗបនោម នតគបដែលត�ោនមយៗអាចទបបាន? សានទ៣េលជាសានដែលលអបែន នោយសារដ រងអ�សរ V ែពនដែលនៅថា តទនងដែលអននញញា នអាយទមងៃនននែនមធា�នៅដែនា�មាបែនននត�ោ។ ោ�នែបអននៅនលើ�ពលននតទនងននត�ោនោះ ន ើវាមានអារមមណមាជាងការរចោមែននត�ោែនទនទៀនទ?

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សាងសាពេែរងមាមយ!

It’s all FunGames!&

N.06 Mar. 2017

Editor-in-chief / នជាយកនពនធ Anaïs Pagès-Peeters

Contributing writer / អករមចមណកនពនធFatima ShehataBunmi EshoJonathan Cox

Copy editor / អកមកសមរលចបជាបចមលងJill Hamill

Translator / អកបកមបBou Puthida ប ពទធដ�ជា

Graphic Design / រចនជាកជាហវចWhaim

Illustrator / គនរBou Puthida ប ពទធដ�ជា

Comic illustrator / គនរសមជាបដរឿងSeat Sopheap ដសៀត សភជាព

Printing / កជារដបាះពមពATA Printing

Funded by the British Embassy Phnom Penh

ឧបតថមភថវកជាដ�ោយសថជានទតអងដគលស ភដពញ

MATHS WHIZZ

Srey Pev starts playing hopscotch with her brother at 6:20 am. School starts at 7:00 am and it takes her 15 minutes to get to school. • For how long can she play with her brother before she has to leave for school?

សនៅចាបនែើមនលងនលាម�ជាមយបអនតបររបគនៅនមាង ៦:៣០ តព�។ គតរវចលនរៀននៅនមាង ៧:០០ តព� ន�ើយគនែើរអ១៥ោទនទើបែលសាលា។ • នតើគាតេងបកេបបរសរបសគាតអានលងរាេរយៈនពលបរនេមរេនពលគាតបតរវនែើរនៅសាលា?

Win a free pass to Kids City to visit the Science Gallery!

�ះសបរតលទៅលងវតសាលវទយាសាសតនៅ

«ឃត សរធ (Kids City)»!

Clue: I am nicknamed the whistling hunter.តមរយ៖ ែនតរវបាននេនៅថា អនា�តបមាញដែលចលចរ�ច។

If you think you know my name, send your answer to littlescientistsmag@gmail.com with your name and address. The first 5 who reply with the right answer will receive a Kids City Pass!

នបើបកេគតថាបកេសាលនះខទ សមនើនមើយរបសបកេមកាេអរដមល littlescientistsmag@

gmail.com។ សមរនភនើនះ េងអាសយដាេរបសបកេ។ អដែលនើយបតរវ ៥នែបងេលង

ទទលរាេសបរបតល «ឃត សរធ (Kids City)»។

Answer from last month’s issue:

• A Binturong! Well done Kanavudhage, 10, from East West International School in Phnom Penh who was first to send us the correct answer! Fun facts: They smell like popcorn! They have a tail like a monkey that they can wrap around things to help them climb and they can hang upside down from their tail too! They're sometimes called bearcats, but they are neither a type of bear nor a type of cat!

មើយរបសសណរនៅខមរេ ៖

• នពាច! មអបអរ ន ខណវឌឍ អាយន១០ឆនា ម�ពសាលាអនររជា អននវ ទតាងនៅទត�រងភនានពញ ដែលជាអនា�ទ១ដែលបាននែើចនមើយម�កាននយើងតមតរវ!

ការពេរនអាយចាបអារមមណ ៖ វ នពាចមាន�នែចនពាែនះអញចា ង! ព�វាមាន�ននយែចសាវ ដែលអាចរនជនវញអវនែសងៗនែើមបែជយព�វានអាយនតាងន�ើង ន�ើយព�វា�អាចពយរត�ឡាប�បាលចនះនតកាមនោយនតបើ�ននយបានដែរ! នពលែះនេនៅវាថា «ឆម ខ�មន» បនដនរព�វាមនដមនជាតបនភទឆម ឬ�តបនភទខ�មននោះដែរ!

Answers ចនមើយ

25 minutes១នមាងនង១១ោទ

WHO AM I?

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