PE

vL

4A,{k

I 2LMoy 21, 1965

Chino Successfully ExplodesAnother Atom Bomb

(p. 6).

"tohnson Doctrine" ls Neo-HitlerismRenmin Riboo editoriol (p. 9I

The 4th Afro-Asion People'sSolidority Conference

(p. 14).

ON lvlARCH i,IOSCOW fiIEETING

Stotements by New Zeolond C.P. ond by E.F. Hill,Choirmon of Austrolion C.P. (M-l-) b.25r

Article by Akohota a. zt

SGtEfv€ffi PLED6E OF THE TffiIEBTY

MILLION VIETNAMESE PECIPLE

( Enslish lan,guage edition,)

This booklet contoins the Morch 22 Stotement of the South Viet Nom Notionol Front for

Libei'otion, President Ho Chi Minh's Answers to Questions of the Akahata Correspondent, the

Appeol to the People by the Ninth Enlorged Ccnference of the Centrol Committee of the Viet

Nom Fotherlond Front, President Ho Chi Minh's Address to the Viet Nom Notionol Assembly,

ond the Appeol of the Viet Nom Notionol Assembl," to ihe Notionol Assemblies of A,ll Countries

of the World. There is olso on oppendix detoiling ho'"^; U.S. impericlism hos iorn up the Genevo

ogreements.

61 psges 18.5 X 73 cm. paper coter

Aiso ax$ilable in French, Japr:n,ese and Spanzsh

The Feople c$ WEe* Narm W;tt Triarmph,

U"S" &ggressers Wi3tr Be ffFe$ea&ed( il*giisit lutgtiuge edititxi)

This olburn of phctog;'ophs, chorts onC drowings is o telling reccrd of the monstrous crimes

ccmmitted by the U.S. aggr:s-<ors ogoinst the people of Viet Nonr; it pictules il-,e Vieino;ne:* peo-

ple's hero!c fight ogcinst the U.S. invociers onC their lockeys, it olso shcrvs the greot demon-

strctions of the Chinese cnd other peoples thrcughcr-ri the lvorld in support of the Vietnornese

peo:le in their just sti't:91gle,

52 lavge 'pages 26 X 23 cr,. ?aper coter

Alsa auailable in Arabic, Frenclz, Japanese, RtLssi{Ln antl Vietn{nn'ese

Published by: FSREIGN LANGI,TAGES FRESS, Peking, Chin<:

Distributed by: GUOZI SHUDiAN (Ch!nc Pubiiccrtions Centre), Peking, Chino

Orcier f;'onryour locol decler oi, \^/r;te direct to the

Mail Grder ffi ept.l GUOZI SB#U D!AN, P.O. Box 3ee, Pekins, Chino

PHKTNGREVIEW

,A 4 A,tk(BEIJING ZHOUB.AO)

A WEEKLY MAGAZINE OF CHINESENEWS AND VIEWS

Mav 21, 1965 Vol. VIII No. 21

CONTENTSTHE IVEEI( 3

/XR'TICLES & DCCUIIIENTSChina Successfully E>rplocies

Anotiret' Atom Iloi-trb

- Fress Cci:rmuniqrre 6World Hails China's Ne-.v

Nucleal Test 6

"-Toirirsorr Doctrine" Is Neo-Hitlelism*Rewnin, Rii;co Ecii'rc,rial I

Lame Excuses for U.S. Aggres-sion

- Reitl?ii?l Ribr:o Contnterl-tator' 11

Chairman Mao's StatementWins World Acclaim 72

Liao Cheng-chih's Speech atWiirneba Conference L4

Winneba Ccnference Genei'a-IPaiitical Resolu.tion 17

Report on Vlsit to Fir,e AfricanCountlies

-i irr -\'iIp'-f 20

Chlna Suppcrts DominicanPeoi:Ie's Anti-U.S. Struggle

- Our Correspondent 23U.S. Flunder of the Dominican

Republic 21The "Unity" Advocated by

Modern Rertisionists NIeansSplit- Politicai Conimittee of

N.Z.C.P. 25C.P.S.U. Leadels Persist in

Khrushchov's Line

- E.F. Hill 26Tlue Face of C.P.S.U. Leader-

ship Exposecl

- Akaltata Article 27

Viet Nan'r Question: TheWhys and Wherefores (II) 29

Viet Nam: U.S. Aggressionand the People's Victorie's

- Map by Chu SuFRIENDLY CO-OFERATION 22

ROUND T}IE WOE[,D 33

ACROSS TI{E T,AND 34

EAT,LET, CINE&TA 35

Published every Fridoy by PEKING REVIEWPsi Won Chuong, Peking (37), Chino

Post Office Registrotion No.2-922Coble Address: Pek:ng 2910

Printed in the People's Republic of Chino

May 21, 1965

TI{E WEHK

Among the rnojor eyents of the week:o China exploded another atomic

western region.bornb on lllay 14 over its

China's great success in nuclear testing has been acclaimed byret.olutionary people throughout the world.

c In rnammoth demonstrations and rallies all over the coriritry,the Chinese people condemned U.S. arrned aggression against theDorninican tsepublic and expressed solidarity rvith the Dorninicanpeopie in their patriotic anti-{,J.S. struggle.

Frogressive rvotld opiuion hailed Chairman Mao Tse-tung's ill:ry12 statement supporting the Dominican peoplels resistance to U,S.aggression,

Q Retintin- ^Ribno oa tIa5' 14 edito'*ially denouneed the 'o.IohnsonDoctrine" as neo-flitlerisrn and synonymorrs rvith the most rahidcounter-revclrrticnary violence.

s Ie his RII;' 3 lc{ter of reply to Truong Chinh, Cirairrnan of theStanding Cr:rrmittee of the National Asserribiy of the DemocratieEeptBlic cI f iei l'iarn, Chi:i:r:an Chu Teh of the Staudiag Cornmitteeof the Natioli;.l Peoplc's Cong:r':,s piedged tlre Chinese peopXe's fullstippclt f*r the Vietnamese people's resistance io Li.S. aggressicri.

e The naiion": Ieadlug ner,vspape!:s featureti the General Dec-iaration and resotrutions accr;1:tl irt tlse 4th Afro-Asian Feople'sSoiidrrrity Confelenee iir lErinneba, Ghaiia. ccndenining U.S. iinpe-riaiist aggres:"icn a.g:li*sf Vlei Nanr, the Dominican Republir, theCcrgo (Leoi:aid-.'iliei and oiher crrintries in Asia, .&frica and Latinllrnerica.

o The llfiristry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement on l/Iay1? supporting the Arab ecuntries and their people in the struggleagainst U,S. imperialism, West German rnilitarism and Zir,rnis*i.

6 Fer-lliin -Rioao Coluinentator on May l8 exposed the motivesof the slanders against China b1- L;'ridon Johnson in trris I1'Ia3' 13

television speech on the Viet Nam question'I lhe C!:inese pless published:

- the Japanese paper Aktih.cla's May 7 article "Refuting theGroundless Charges b}' the C.P.S.U. Leaders -

Seeontl Corrllllcnt onthe March Bf,oscorv Meeting."

GhU TehtS fieply to TruOng Chinh c|atic Repriblic of Viei Nam and theVietnamese peopie on the solution o{

,,China li,ill contlnue to do every- the Viet Nam question.thing in its pon-er to give lesolu'te

and unreserved suppolt to the viet- chairmail chu Teh said: "The chi-

namese peopie in their patriotic and nese Gorretnment and people ful1y

just struggle to resist L-.s' oggrur- endorse and resoltttelv suppcrt the

sion," declared chairmur. cirti"r"n '[our-pcir-rt proposition for tire solu-

of the Stancling cornn,itt"" of tn" Nu- lion cf the viet Nam question reiter-

tionat Peopi"'" co,-,gr".- ;.1; M;l' 1^".1 bv the Nationai Assembiv of the

g reply to Truong clr*t , crr"i.."^" Democratic Republic of Viet Nam'

of the Standi,-,g co-*ii; J ,lr" or"- The National People's congress has

tionar Assembty ot T" P"","::1T :X';"i,i"r#"rlir$"Tn,i,1iffit;;:Reprrblic of Viet llam. Eai'lier. otr . '-Aprii 18, Truong cr,i,',n .rrol"1;'d; :::"ttv to support the patliotic anti-

Teh and sent hirn ;;-;;;;i-;i LT'S' str:uesle o{ the vietnamese peo-

the viet Nam Nation"f;J;ior, .;- ple bv actual deeds'"

dressed to r,vorld parliaments, rvhich Payir1g tribute to the Vie'r.namese

explainecl the posiiion of the Demo- people's struggle, chu Teh called it

Chinese Leaders Greet PresidentHo Chi Minh's Birthday

IIanoi

President of the Central Com-mittee of the Viet NamWorkers' Party and Presidentof the Democratic Bepublicof Viet Nam,

Dear Comrade Ho Chi Minh,

On the occasion oI your 75thbirthday, we, on behalf of the Com-munist Party of China, the Govern-ment of the People's Republic ofChina and the Chinese people, andin our own name, extend ourwarmest congratulations to you,dear Comrade President.

You are a founder anC the long-tested ieader of the Viet NamWorl<ers' Party, an outstandingveteran fighter of the internationalcommunist movement, and one ofthe closest friends of the Chinesepeople. For decades, holding highthe banner of anti-ir-nperialism andof revolution, you have led the Viet-namese people in struggling heroi-ca1l1, and dauntlessly for the libera-tion of their fatherland and rvin-

ning great victories and in achievingbrilliant successes 1n the socialistconstruction of the Democratic Re-public of Viet Nam. You havemade outstanding contributions tothe cause of the Vietnamese people'srevoiution and constluction, to theinternationai communist movementand to world peace. You are heldin esteem by the Chinese people andall revolutionary people throughoutthe world.

In a heroic spirit of determinationto fight and rvin. the valiant Viet-namese people, under the wiseleadership of the Viet Nam Work-ers' Party and your own, areengaged in a stirring and inspiringjust struggle against U.S. impe-rialism and for national salvation.This struggle of the Vietnamesepeople not only defends the in-dependence. sovereignty and na-tional dignity of Viet Nam but alsosupports the national-liberationstruggles of Asia, Africa and LatinAmerica and the revolutionarystruggles of the people of the w'hole

world. The Chinese people standfirmly on your side as do all therevolutionary peopie of the world.The great Vietnamese people arebound to rvin. The U.S. aggressor,

',,"'ho has corrmitted no end of evil,is bound to faiI.

Dear Comrade President, rve sin-cerely wish you good health andIong 1ife. May the Vietnamese peo-ple continuously u,in net and stillmore briiliant victories in theirgreat struggle to resist U.S. impe-rialism, save their country, defendthe north, liberate the south andreunify their fatherlaird.

Mao Tse-tung, Chairrnan ofthe Central Committee ofthe Communist Party ofChina,

Liu Shao-chi, Chairman of thePeople's Republic of China,

Chu Teh, Chairman of theStanding Committee of theNational People's Congressof the People's Republic ofChina,

Chou En-lai, Premier of theState Council of the Peo-ple's triepublic of China.

May 18, 1965

"a shlning example for the anti-im-perialist struggle of all oppressedpeoples and oppressed nations of theworld and a great contribution to thecause of the people of the worldfighting against U.S. imperialism indefence of world peace." I{e alsoexpressed firm belief that "the Viet-namese people will win and U.S. im-perialism will be defeated."

Supporting the Arab People'sStruggtaThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs

in a statement issued on May 17pledged support for the Arab coun-tries and p,eople in their struggleagainst U.S. imperialism, West Ger-man militarism and Zionism. Thestatement pointed out that the Bonngovernment's establishment of diplo_matic relations r,r'ith Israel at U.S.imperialist instigation was a newprovocation against the Ar.ab people.

4

On May 13, Lhe Govelnment ofWest Germany, disregarding thestrong opposition of the Arab people,

brazenl;' established full diplomaticrelations r,vith Israel. The statementsaid: "This is a new provocationagainst the Arab people by WestGerman militarism and Zionism atU.S. imperialist instigation; it is alsoa grave provocation against the peo-ple of Asia, Africa and the rvholer,r,orld. "

The st.atement noted that, in pr-ir-suance of the March 15 decision ofthe emergency meeting of the Cor,rncilof Ar.ab Foreign Ministers, nine Arabcountries

- the United Arab Repub-iic. Syria, Iraq, Algeria, Yemen,Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia andLebanon

- had broken off diplomaticrelations with West Germany, andKuwait had indefinitely postponedimpiementation of its agreement with

West Germany on the establishmentof diplomatic relations. "This,,, thestatement said, "is a forcefui counter-blou, dealt by the Arab countries atthe provocative action of U.S. impe-ri.alism and West Germany. A newwave of struggle against U.S. im-perialism is rising throughout theArab worId."

The statement pointed out that theaim of U.S. imperialism in rearingand arming Israel was to threatenth,e independence and security of theArab countries. West German mili-tarism. u,hich h.as also been fosteredby U.S. imperialism, is supplyingarms to Israel at Washington's behest.West Germany's establishment ofdiplomatic relations rvith Israel,planned directly by U.S. imperialism,was another grave step taken byWashington after a series of its actsof aggression had faiied.

Peking Reuiero, No, 21

Praising the Arab people for theirdetermined struggle against U.S. im-periaiism, West German militarismand Zionisrn, the statement expressedconfidence that "the Arab people,supported by the people of othercountries. will win final victory solor-rg as they strengthen their unityand persist in their struggle."

Vilificalion by Tunisian President

Refuted

Tunirsian President Habib Bour-guiba has recently made repeatedstatements u,hich constitute seriousinterference in China's internalaffairs and vile calumny against theChinese people. The Chinese Gov-ernment stronglS,- protested againstthis on May 13 in a note handed byChinese Ambassador to Tunisia YaoNien to Tunisian Secretary of Statefor Foreign Affairs Habib Bourguiba.Jr.

The note said: "In a lecent inter-view rn,ith a co'respondent of theFrench paper Combat. PresrdentBourguib.a has declared: 'We rec-ognize that the government of thedemo,cratic China occupies Chineseterritory. But u,e do not accept norrecognize that Formosa should bea"bsorbed and that. after the depar-ture of the Americans, the Chineseof Formosa should be obliged to be-come Communists."'

"Earlier," the note continued, "inan inten,iew u,ith a UPI correspoi-rd-ent on January 16, President Bour-guiba said that China 'has alwaysused the cioak of nationalism in itsattempt to nibbie away and gainterritory under the pretext of fight-ing against imperialism.' He a,1so

asserted in a speech on February 12

that China's 'opp.csition' to 'peacafulcoexistence' was the 'fundamentalcause of the present situation inSoutheast Asia' and that 'the maior-ity of the Chinese in Forn-Losa refuseto live under the communist regirleand have aske,C for United Statesassistance to protect their territory.'In an intervierv with American jour-nalists on April 18, the TunisianPresident presented the Viet Namquestion as a 'kind of sequel to theco,id war fostered by internationalcommunism, especially Chi.na.' Heslanderously accused China of 'try-

May 21, 1965

ing by all kinds of pretexts to im-pose its hegemony on Asia."'

Refuting such vilification, the Chi-nese Government's note pointed outthat "the Province of Taiwan, whichis now occupied by the armed forcesof the United States, is, from thepo.int of view of history, and de jureand de facto, an integral part of theterritory of the People's Republic ofChina. The Chiang Kai-shek cliquewhich has entrench,ed itself onTaiwan is merely a contemptibleband of traitors leading a precariousexistence under the protection ofU.S. imperialism. The Chinese peo-ple are determined to li.berate Tai-wan, and this li.beration is er-rtirelyChina's internal affair and no foreigninterference wiil be tolerated."

The note dlerv attention to the factthat the origin of the tense Viet Namand Southeast Asia situation -was tobe found in U.S. intervention andaggression. After scrapping theGeneva agreements, U.S. imperialismhas sent ground, naval and airforces to occupy south Viet Nam andhas savagely bombed north Viet Nam,unscrupulcusly extending the \1:arin Indo-China. The note declared:"It is regrettable that. instead ofsupporting the Vietnamese people intheir fight against U.S. aggression andfor nat-ional sair.ation. President Bour:-guiba should have, at this juncture,sl.andered China an,C openly exon-erated U.S. irnperialism." The notesaid that this was an intolerabledistorticr-r of the truth about the \rietNam question and that it u,as aseLt,ice to the policies of agglessionand war of U.S. imperiaiism.

The note reaffirn-red that Cl-rina,as a signaLory to the 1954 Genevaagreements and a ciose neighbour' offraterr-ral Viet Nam, would. do all itcould to give firn-r and unreservedsupport to the Vietnamese people intheir great struggle against U.S.aggression and for national salvation.

Stressing that China had alwaystreasured Sino-Tunisian friendship,tire note expressed the sincere hcpethat tire Tur-risian Government rvouldadopt a correct attitude favourableto the development of friendly rela-tions betr,veen the two countries so

as to contribute to the commoncause of promoting Afro-Asian so1-

idarity in the fight against impe-rialism, colonialism and neo-colo-nialism.

Palestine Liberation 0rganization$ets Up Peking OfflceThe Palestine Liberation Organiza-

tion has established an office in Pe-king. Deputy Director Rashid SaidJerbou ari'ir-ed in the capital on May1J.

Welcoming him at a banquet thatevening. Liu Ning-I, Vice-Chairmanof the Chinese Committee for Afro-Asian Solidarity, said that the settingup of the office marked the furthergrorvth of friendship and solidaritybetween the Chinese and Palestinepeoples.

In his speech, Rashid Said Jerbousaid that, in the fight to end worldimperialism headed by the UnitedStates. the people of Palestine andChina would ahvays stand by eacho1,her.

Palestine Day

May 15 is Palestine Day -

a daydedicated to the Arab people of Pa-lestine and other Arab countries intheir struggJ.e against U.S. imperial-ism. Peking marked the day at areception girzen on the evening ofMay 14. Sponsored by the ChineseCornmittee for Afro-Asian Solidarity,the Chinese People's Institute of For-eign Affairs and the Islamic Asso-ciation of China, the reception wasattended by prominent figures in thecapital. and diplomatic envoys andfriends from the Arab countries.

Speaking on behaif of the host or-5:anizatior-rs, Hadji l{ohammed AlyChang Chieh, Vice-Fresident of theClrinese Islamic Association, r'eaf-fir'med China's support for the juststruggle of the Arab peopl: on theqr.restion of tralestine. Denouncingthe Bonn gorzernntent's estabiishmentof Ciplomatic relations u,ith Israel. heexplessed support for those Arabcountries rvhich had serrered diplo-mat.ic relations rvith West Germany'

In his address, Rashid Said Jerbcuexpressed the conrziction that "theArab peopie oj Palestine u'i11 returnto their native land."

Chino Successfully Explodes AnotherAtom BombPress Communique

C HINA exploded another atom bomb over its r.;ester,n\J ar-eas at 10:00 hours (Peking time) on NIay 14, 1965,and thus successfully concluded its second nuclear test.

Foltorving on the explosion of China's first atombomb on October 16. 1964, this nuclear test is anotherimpor-tant achieveme.qt scored by the Chi.nese people instrengthening their national defence and saf,eguardingthe sec-uu'ity of their mother'land and world peace.

Undel the. iearlership of the Communist Party' ofChina, ihe Chinese Pecple's Liberation Ar-my andChina's scientists and technicians have rvholehearledi-'-lvorked together to ensure the complete success of thisnucleal test. It is a great victory for the Party's generalline of socialist construction. It is a gre:rt r.ictor')' forNIao Tse-tung's thinking.

The Centlal" Committee of the Communist Part;,' oIChina and the State Council extend their rrarm conqrat-ulations to all the comm:lnders and fighters of thePeople's Liberation Army who took part in this test.and to ail the workers. enginccrs. techr-ricians. scientistsand othel personnel rvho contributed to it, and hopethat they will redouble their elforts and continue tovzork tirelessly for the furthel strengthening of ourcountry's defences.

China is conducting necessary nuclear tests withindefined iimits and is developing nuclear r,veapons forthe purpose of coping with the nuclear blackmail andthreats of the United States and for the purpose of abo-lishing all nuclear $re.apons. When China exploded itsfirst atom bomb, the Government of the People's Repub-lic of Chlna issued a statemen+" ri'hich containe'd a fullexplanation of our fundamental stand on nuciear weap-ons and a concrete proposal for a summit coi-rference o{ali cotLntlies to discuss the ccml:letc prohibition andthorough destruction of nucleai' weapons.

Since then, the United States has b,een continuingits development and mass production of varioris kindsof n';clear 'weapons. and has iniiulged in further nu-clear blackm,ail and threats againsi China and the wholervorld. China is developing nucLear \veapons solel;z fordefensive purposes. China will never be the first toltse nuclear v"/eapons. It is the sincere hope of theChinese people that thele rvill nevel be a nuclear !vau.Together with ail the peace-lorring ccuntries ancl peopleof the u,or1d, the Chinese Government and peopie wil1,as ahvays, continue to stlive nnsrvervinglv for thr: nobleaim of the complete prohibition aird thorough destruc-tion of nu.clea-r lveapons.

(Hsinhua Neu,s AgencA, MaA 14, 1965.)

\rVonld I'loils Chino's New Nucleor TestrF HE news of China's second nuclear test. which lvasI flashed around the world on May 14, has broughtforth an outpourii-rg of congratuiator;r messages. Thislatest success has been acclaimed as a great inspirationto the rvorld's revolutionary people, a fresh blow toU.S. nuclear blackmail. and a contribution to the safe-guarding of w-orld peace.

Farty and state treaders of the Democratic Republic ofViet Narn Ho Chi Minh, Truong Chinh, ancl Pham VanDong on May 15 sent a joint message to Chinese leadersMao Tse-tung, Liu Shao-chi, Chu Teh and Chou En-iai.The message siated: "At a time lvhen the imperialistsheaded by the United States are intensifying the armsrace, escalating the .war of aggression in south Viet l{am,r'aining destruction on north Viet Nam and carrying onarmed intervention against many other countries. thisnew success of the Chinese pecpie has elated us, theVietnamese people, and other peace-ioving people theu.orld over." The Vietnamese leaders described Ciri.na's

6

ner,y nur:lear test as "an extremely important factor incurbing the ti.S. imperialist schemes of war and ag-gression and an added guarantee for the nationai in-dependence of the people of ail countries and forsafeguardinq world peace.,,

Party and state leaders of the Democratic people,s Ee-public of Korea Kirn Il Sung and Choi yong Kun, intheir XtIa;, 1.7 telegram to Chinese leaders Mao Tse-tung. Liu Shao-chi, Chu Teh anci Chou En-lai, declat.ed:"The nuclear test conducted successfuliy in China re-cently is another brilliant victory tvon by the fraternalChinese people, under the leadership of the ChineseCommunist Party, in the struggie for the soci.aiist con-structicn of the country and sti'engthening of the de-fence capability by dispia-yi.ng the revoluticnary spiritof self-reii.ance and creative enthusiasm,

"This constitutes a heav5r blqly to the imperialistsheaded by the Ui-iited States rvho are desperately cLing-ing io ihe poLicy of nuclear blackmail and r,r,ar provoca-

Peking Reui,ew, No. 21

tion evelywhere in the wor1d, and a great inspiration tothe peopies of the countties of the socialist camp andthe people fighting for. natioiral independence and\A.'or'ld peace."

The Albanian paper "Zeri i Popullit,, on May 10editolially pointed out that by its achievements in thedevelooment oI atcmic weapons which broke the U.S.nuclear monopoll' and served as a rebuff to \Vashing-ton's nuclear blackmail and threats, China has made agreat contribution to humanity and the cause of safe-guarding freedom and peace. The paper said China'snuclear success "not oni-v strengthens the defencecapability of the People's Republic of China, but helpssafeguard rvor'1d peace because it serr;es a new u'arningto the imperialist aggressors headed by the UnitedStates and to all its allies."

The Presidium of the Central Committee of the Jap-anese Ccmmunist Party in a statement released on Ma;,15 said that China. confronted by the U.S. policy ofnuclear rvar and blackmail. had condr-rcted its seconc'lnuclear test of a def ensir-e nature lvith a view tosafeguarding lts or,r.n security and world peace.

After making public the presidium's statement inFarty headquartei's u'here he uret the press. Secretary-General Kenji Miyamoto made the lollolving points inanswer to questioi-rs pr-rt b1' repolters: "Khrushchov saidit ri'ould be absurrd for countries other than the SovietI-ini<;n, the United, States and Britain to squandc'r- largesums of money and a lalge amount of ener-gy to developnuclear weapons. Sr,ich a contention, based as it isupon the desire of the Soviet Union and the UnitedStates for rvorld domlnation. is sheer great-nationchauvinism. It stands to reason that China, which isresolutely confror-riing U.S. imperialist nuclear black-mai1, shouid be making great efforts to develop its ownnuclear weapons."

D.N. Aidit, Chairman of the Ilrdonesian CommunistFarty, told Antara on the night of May 14 that "China'ssuccessful second atom bcmb expiosion sho',vs once againthe might of the People's Republic of China in thestn-rggle against impet'ialism and for peace and rTationalliberation." He said that this "incteases the prestige ofthe new' emerging fot'ces and is a tremendous blorv tothe old establisheci f crces. the United States iirparticular:."

AiCit also declared: "Nuclear weapons in the handsof the imperialists are aimed at increasing the dangerof rvar ancl intimidaling the peoples now struggling fornational independence. On the contrary, nuclearweapons in the hands of the new emelging forces arelor the purpose of strengthening the struggle againstimperialisnr and for peace and national independence."

Nguyen Huu Tho, Fresident of the Presidium of theCentral Conrnrittee of the South Viet Nam NationalFront for Liberatior.r, in a ccngratulatory message toChinese Pariy and state leaders Mao Tse-tung, LiuShao-chi, Chu Teh and Chou En-Iai daied May 15, calledChrna's success ''a great and active contribution to

May 21, 1965

the cause of defeirding peace and an encouragement tothe revoiuticnary moveir:ent in the world as r,vell as tothe jursL and suLeh, victcrious patriotic str:r-rggle of thescuth Vieinamese people." He -qaid; ,,China's successlulsecond- atom bomb test is a hear,)' blor,t, dealt ai thenuclea.r blackn-rail policy cf ihe U,S. irnperialists and afirm gualantee for the struggle against in.rperiaiism toachieve genulne and lasting peace." The President :rlsosaid: "Tl-re south Vietnantese people are very proud tohave as their heloic comracle-.-in-alms the 650 millionChinese people who have in tireil l.rands nuclearweapcns to strer-rgthen their national defence, therebygreatl5' contributing to the defence of peace in Asia andthe r,,;or'1C. "

Prince Souphanouvong, Chairman of the Central Com-rnittee of the Neo Lao Haksat and Vice-Premier of theLaotian Gor-ernment of National Union, in a message toPremier Chor-r Err-1ai dated NIay 18. saiC. ''This Chineseachievement not only incleases China's defence capabili-ties. but wili play an important part in fulthering theuatiot-ral-iibelatior-r n-rovernent. lncluding our Laotianpeople's struggle to resist U.S. aggre,tsion and save thecourrtr'I'."

Ali Sastroamidjojo, General Chairnran of the [ndonesianNationalist Farty, in a statement to newsmen on May18, said, Thc stccnd nuclear test conducted by China|ecentl.1,- causes both amazernent and admiration thatChina can explode a second atom bomb rvithin so shorta 1inie. '

lndonesian First Deputy Foreign Minister Suw,itonorv visiting Pakistan said in l(arachi on May 15 thaias an Asian he was ploud of China's nerv nuclearsuccess_

In intelvieu's rrith the press prominent Japane.secitizens voiced their suppcrt for China's second A-bombtest.

Yoshitaro Elirano, Chairman of the Japanese NationalPeace Committee, said that the United States had con-c1,,rcted 337 nuclear weapons tests in 1"1 years. Recently,it sent atcmic cannons to Da Nang. south Viet Nam,at-rd U.S. nuclear capable F-105 planes took off flon-r7th Fl..et carriers to menace the security of the VietNam Democratic Republic. In addition, the United.States intendc.d to carl- thc- u,ar to China. Thus, China'ssecond nuclear test came as a pointblank rebuff to theU.S. provocatioi-rs for a nuclear war of aggression.

Other promir-rent Japanese citizens who acclaimedChina's nuclear test include: I'llasaharu Hatanaka,Representative Director of tl-ie Japan Council AgainstAtomic and Hydrogen Bombs; Seimin Miyazaki.Directcr--General of the Japan-China Friendship As-sociation: Takiji Kobayashi, Chairman of the japan

Congress of Journa.lists: Saburo Okamoto, PermanentDirector of the Japan-Cl-rina Trade Promotion Associa-tion; Shizuma I(ai, Acting Director-General of the JapanAfro-Asian Solidarity Committee; Sadako Ogasawara,Secretary-Genelal of the New Japan \Vomen's Associa-tion; Gen Saito, Director-General of the Japan-Viet Nam

Friendship Association; Hyo Hara, Soclalist Member ofthe House of Representatives; Eiichi Shukutani. a notedpersonality in Japan's economic and trade circles; KenzoNakajima, Chairman of the Council of the Japan-ChinaCultural Exchange Association; Kakur: Hcnjo, Chairman'of the A11 Construction Mini.stry Workers' Union; ToruKarvakami, Chairman of the Ali-Japan Federation ofStudents' Self-Government Associations; Hiroshi Sue-kawa, President of Ritsumeikan Universit-v, Kyoto;Itoi Hajimi, Executive Chairman of the Kyoto Tea-chers' Union; Ryokei Onishi, Chairman of the KyotoBuddhists' Conference; and Takeo Kur'vahara, Presidentof the Humanities Research Institr-rte of KyotoUniversity.

Tep Phan, Cambodian Eoyal Delegate at Phnom Penh.told the press: "We are very glad to hear of this neu,success of our Chinese friends. It is anothel support toCambodia and other countries."

The "Daily News" in Pakistan in its May- 15 editorialwelcomed China's explosion for the reason that theincrease of nuclear weapons in China n-right deter thenuclear threat of the Westel'n po\\-ers. It said, "We,as friends of China, congratulate our Chinese friendson their signal achievemenl. as an Aslan nation of u-hichall Asian nations should be proud.''

Khaled Fahum, Member of the Executir-e Committeeof the Palestine Liheration Organization, on May 15

said that "we hold that China's A-bomb explosionstrengtheneal the force of the p,eoples in fighting forliberation."

Gabriel Yumbu, General Secretary of the SupremeCouncil of Revolution of the Congo (Leopoldville),in a message to the Chairman of the People's Republicof China, said, "Like the Chinese people. the SupremeCouncil of Revclution feels great joy at this successfulexplosion. This achievement is the fruit of the Chinesepeople in their unswerving efforts for safeguardingpeace. Mean'uvhile, this shou,s once again the proglessmade by a free people."

Luis Almeida, Permanent Representative in Algiers ofthe Angola People's Liberation Movement, said on May14 that he rvas very glad to learn that China had car-ried out its second nuclear test. "The Afro-Asian coun-tries are a community rvith a common destiny andChina is our guarantee," he said.

Eduardo M,ondlane, President of the Mozambique Lib-eration Front (Frelimo), said in a statement issued bythe Frelimo Headquarters in Dar-es-Salaam: "Apartfrom its obvious scientific value, the success of theChinese people represents a victory for all freedom-loving people and for those who are under i.mperialistdomination."

Ntsukunyane A. Mphanya, Deputy General Secretaryof the Basutoland Congress Party, told Hsinhua on1\{ay 15 that China's second atom bomb explosion wasa tremendous success. He said, "This is in fact a glory

8

of the oppressed peoples of the world because I knowthat this bomb will not be used like those in the han'dsof the imperialists, to suppress the progressive move-ment, but for the defence of world peace."

The Pan-Africanist Congress of South Africa in a state-m.ent issued in Dar-es-Salaam on May 15 said: "Nowr,vhen Western imperialist aggression is at its highestpoint, as is evident in the Congo and Viet Nam, it isonly proper that the People's Republic of China shouldhave explcded her second atom bomb which the Pan-Africanist Congress hails on behalf of the oppressedp.eople of South Africa."

Gottfriedt Jario, Acting Bepresentative of the SouthWest African I'.Iational Union in Dar-es-Salaam, con-gratulated the Chinese people on their second nucleartest.

Alfred Kgokong, Director of Putrlicity of the AfricanNational Congress of South Atrica, a1s6 congratulatedthe Chinese Government and people on the nuclear test.

Sow Abdoulaye, President of the Afro-Asian SolidarityCommittee of IIIali, told a Hsinhua correspondent, "I,in the name of the Mali people, rvarmly congratulateyou on this great sllccess ri'hich has strengthened thefoi'ces in defence of peace and our position and hassnrashed the nuclear blackmail of U.S. imperialism."

J, Nquku, President of the Swaziland Progressive Party,said, "We knou, that the Chinese are peace-loving peo-pie and that the Chinese bomb is for defensive pur-poses."

Noted Mexicans congratulated Hsinhua when thenews of the success of China's second atom explosionreached Mexico City.

Luis Torres, Presidenf of the Mexico-China FriendshipAssociation, said, "The explosion is another peace mes-sage that fills us with hope. Undoubtedly, atomicenergy in the hands of the people of a socialist countryis a guarantee for peace."

Andres Garcia Salgado, General Secretary of theMexican Confederation of Bevolutionary Workers, said,"China's control of atomic energy should be regardedas a guarantee for mankind's progress and for peace.It makes the forces which attempt to unleash war re-flect and makes people understand that the peace-lovingforces are strong enough to liquidate them ultimately.,'

Noted woman leader Elena Vazguez Gomez held thatthe second atomic explosion was quite appropriate ata time when the United States u,as unleashing warsin Asia and Latin America.

Famous sculptor Federico Cacessi stated, "When theSoviet Union and the United States have atomic bombs,there is no reason why China, the most populous coun-try in the world, shouid be prevented from possessi.ngthem, and there is no reason why anyone should sayanything against China having them."

Peking Reoieu, No. 21

" Johnson Doctrin e" ls Neo-HitlerismFollowing is a translation of ,,Renmin Ribao's"

Mag 14 editorial. Bold.face emphases are ours.-Ed.

rfHE Johnson Administration,s armed intelvention inI the Donrir-rican RepubJ.ic and ir.rtensifiecl agqressionagainst Viet Nan-r have served to open the eyes of anincreasingly large number of people. They see that,in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, U.S. imperial-ism is playing the same butcher,s role, suppressing thepeople's revolutionary struggles in various lancls andthrottling other countr.ies' independence and sovereignty.This has fully exposed the aggressive featules of U.S.imperiaiism.

The U.S. aggressors have openI1' sent more than30.000 troops for the srnguinar'5' suppression of theDominican people's f ight against dictatorship andt}'ranny. Casting arva;, all pretence, Johnson brazenlydeclared that "we do know what kind oI gor-elnmentrve hope to see in the Dominican Republic" and thatthe United States "cannot, mrist not, and lvill not pern.ritthe establishment of anothel commluli:st govelnment inthe Western H'emisphere.' This amounts to Johnsontelling the Dominicalr people: We'Il bombard ;rou if -1'oudon't surrender.

These utterances are the same as his sho.uting aboutthe Viet Nam question. Time and again Johnson hasar-gued that the purpose of U.S. aggression against VietNam and its continued u'ar in south Viet Narn t'as toestablish an "independent south Viet Nam." and beforeachieving this, "we cannot, ll,'e must not, we rvl1l nott,ithdraw" and that the United States "must fight" inorder not to hand south Viet Nam over to "communistt1'ranny." So Johnsor-r has been telling the Vietnamesepeopie: We'1i bomb you if -vou don't give in.

In this way, Johnson has proclaimed to the rvholeworld a war program.me to strangle the independenceand freedom and stamp out the revolutionary rnove-ments in varieq5 eountries by force. If the people ofany country dare to stand up for their independenceand sovereignty, or to fight for freedom and liberation,or to rise and resist the traitorous, dictatorial rule ofU.S. puppets, U.S. imperialism will send troops tosuppress thenr and shoot to kill!

This is the "Johnson Doctrine!"

We knou, that in postwar United States there werethe so-calied "Trutnan Dcctrine," "Eisenhower Doc-trine," and "Kennedy' Doctrine." The "Johnson Doc-

May 21, 1965

./rfr ultESIVM'iI RIBAO

trine" is a continuation of the foregoing ,,doctrines,"aI1 of which are plans to carr';,- out the dictates of U.S.monopoly capital and vigorously push the globalstrategy of enslaving the people of the u,hole '"vorld.The ''Johnson Doctrine," however. has outdone theprevious ones. blir-rging the U.S. pollcies of aggressionand u-ar to a poLr-rt mor.e blatant and more sanguinarythan ever.

Johnson has opened up the most blood-thirsty pagein the histor.l' of U.S. imperialist aggression!

In his militar5r aclventures and aggression in VietNam. Johnson has clu'alfed Eisenhouzet- ancl I{enned;2.Eisenhower rigged up the SEATO bloc and fosteredthe Ngo Dinh Dien-r clique; I{ennedy. started the ,,specialwarfare,'' but. r,rting native puppet troops as thevanguard, he nevei. thought of giving up the signboardsof "advisers" and "instructors.,, Now Johnson simplysR-eeps them al1 aside and sends U.S. ground forcesto fight the war. In a short span of tu'o rnonths, thenumbel of U.S. aggressive troops in South Viet Namhas increased foulioiC. In an even more desperatemove, Johnson has used every means in his por,ver toextend the r,var into north Viet Nam. He is turning"speciaL rvarfale' into a legional war.

In unleashing armed aggression to interfere inDon.rinican affairs. Johnson has done what his predece,s_sors dared not do. In invading Cuba. Kennedl, sentrnercenaries mainh, composed of cotnter-revolutionaryCuban gangsters. Nou,, in invading the DominicanRepublic. Johnson has sent tens of thousands of U.S.ground. naval and air force,s in a matter of a few days.

Among postwar U.S. presidents, ro one has beensuch a fanatic about using force as Johnson, and noone made a shorv of force and used fo::ce to such anextent as Johnson irs doing now. He fiagrantly declaredthat "force must often preceCe reason-and the wasteof war. the works of peace." He has turned a ,,cold

lvar" into a "sho,otir-rg war" and "escalated,, the lvarfrom a small scale to a medium scale. threatening tofight on a big scale. He has used every conventional\veapon and threatens to use nuclear weapons.

The road Johnson is travelling is the same roadtravelled by Hitler, and the "Johnson Doctrine" is neo-Hitlerism.

Johnson has picked up the tattered standard ofthe "anti-communist" crusade. Imitating Hitler, heIabels anything not to his liking and anything he

r,vishes to ciestrcly as "comniunist menace" in an attemptto use "anti-corttnunism" as a covel' for hirs crimes ofaggressicn. I-Ie describes the Dominican people's up-rising to topple their dictatol'ial regime as comnr-tnistsu.l:versive activitles. He leiers to the rerroh.rtionarystruggle of the .6111[ Vietnairrese people agairsi U.S'

imperialisrn ar-rd its lackeys as "commrinist aggres-sio.n."

Johnson has brushed aside al1 accepted principlesof intei'r.rational lar,lr. He feels he is not bcund in any.\ /ay by such principle,; as non-interfet'ence in othercountiies' internal affairs, invioiability o{ ten'itory.equality among natious, respect for internationallieaties, freeCom of narzigation on the high seas, pro-hibiticn of the use of poison gas. He has unhesitatinglydeclar'ed the United States' right to decide r.r'hat kindof governrtent should be established in the DominicanRepublic. Arbitraril;r di'ar.ving a line on the map.

John,son has designated Vietnanlese and Chinese telli-tolial u,aters and the adjacent high seas, lr-hich are

thousands of miles away from the United States, as a

U.S. ''combat zone"; he has ordereC '"he intelceptionof other countries' ships and committed all kinds ofcrimes. Hitler once said: "A merit of mine is that Irefuse to be bound by ar-r1- fixe'C ruie of theory or'

ethicrs." He u'as so arrogant as to say: "f have no

scruples and I take advantage of any opportunity that

is available; there is no sttch thing as j'r-rtei'national lawnor is there an5 agreet-irent tl-rat stands in my way'"The cleed of this fascist arch-fiend is the U S' imper:ial-

ist lir-rgleaclel LvnCon Johu,sot-t's gr-ride to actiot-l'

John,son is stepping up the fascization of his coun-

try. Racist persecution of the Negi'o people has

reachecl a new high rvhile the violation of the Ameri-

can people's basic rights has come to a point of mad-

ness. Since the Johnson Adnrinisti:ation recioubled its

efforts to enLarge the rvar of aggression in Viet Nam

and led the United States on to the road of tn'ar adven-

tures. he ha,s beer luthlessl5' tlying to squash viervs

and opinicr-rs opposed to his ott'n' cursing that

demonstlations are ''Communists' subversive

activities" ancl using this as a pretext to further

hls blcccS' su,ppression of the American people'

In the aggression against Viet Nam and the

Domrnican Repubiic, Johnson has acted in such

an overbearing manner that there are $rierr-anc€s and loud complaints even among U'S'

ruiing circles.

The "Johnson Doctrine" is synonymous withthe rnost rabid counter-revolutionary violence; itmeans strangling other eountries' independence

arid sovereignty under the anti-communist banner;it means trampling underfoot all prineiples ofinternational Iaw and furthering the policies ofaggtession and lvar without disguise. In a rvord,the "Johnson Doetrine" is a refurbished versionof Hitlerism; it is neo-Hitlerism; it is U.S. fascismmore reactionary than Hitlerism.

10

The appearance of the "Johnson Doctrine" rnalksthe bankruptcy of the global sttategy adoptetl hy U.S.imperialism in the postwar years. Af ter assumiugoffice, Johnsoir let it be known that he rvould follcrvthe fo,otsteps of I(ennedy and cling to the lattel'sdouble-dealing poiicy. But Kenned.v's methods can no

longer check the vigorous development of the natlonal-democratic movements in . Asia, Africa and LatinAmerica. ToCay, from Japan to the Coilgo (Leopol'd-

vi11e), from the Caribbean to Cape Hcrn. u'here"'er U'S'imperialism has exteltded its tentacies. there ai'e earth-quakes and thunclerstorms. The militar-v blocs rvl.rich

the United States took pains to rig up aftel WorlC WarII are falling apart and the puppet l'egil.neis rvhich ithas fostered are totteiing. The U.S. aggressors aleheavil)' besieged by the people of the whole rn''or1d andare in a disadvaniageous position beset with great

strategical difficulties. There are breaches in theirfronts of aggression all orrer the r','orld. The fact thatJohnson has to t'al:e his ''big stick" so often simplyshows that he is ptitting up a desperate stluggle andei-rgagecl in a bitter fight, locked in the jarvs of a vice.

The appearance of the "Johnson Doctrine" isclosely connected with the capitulationist line followedby the modern rer-isionists. U.S. imperialism has themeasure of the modern revisionists represented byKhrushchov to an inch. Khrushchov himself and hissuccessols dale nol oftencl U.S. imperialism and theyhold on like grim <ieath to theii so-called general lineof "peaceful coexistence" manifested in ''U.S.-Sovietcollabclaticn to dor-r-rir-rate the world." Just as theappeasement policy of Neville Charnberlain, EdouardDaladier and their foliowers encouraged Germanfascism ir-r the 1930s. the Khrushchovian revisionists'capitulationist lii-re has greatiy encouraged U.S. im-perialist arrogance. Khrushchovian revisionism is thenev,r appeasement poIlcy in the 1960s.

Eut ihe "Johnson Doctrine" cannot save the iife ofU.S. imperialism. Its appearance has greatlv aggravated

Hit/er

Cdt'toott bA Lo.ll Chietl-an.

Peking Reuieu, No. 21

In His Footsteps

the contradiction between U.S. imperialism and itsfiunkeys on the one hand and the revolutionary peopleof the worid and all countries and peoples subjected toU,S. imperialist aggression, control, interference andbullying on the other.

The Johnson Administration is bent on going itsown way; this too has greatly hastened the divisionamong the imperialist biocs and helped the developmentof contradictions betr.veen U.S. imperialism and itssa ieili tes.

Walter Lippmann, the American bourgeois com-mentator. has brought up a realistic question. He asked:"The adCicts of the global and crusading theorl, shouldask themselves h.oi,,,'many more Viet Nams and Dcmini-can Republics theS- are prepared to police.,, This ques-tion is not di{ficult to ansr.ver-. Ali piaces subjected toU.S. imperialist control and interference -,r,i11 l-e likesonth Viet Nan and the Dominican Republic, that is,bogs in l-hich the U.S. aggressors will sink deeper anddeeper. and ncoses t-hich u,i11 get tighter and tighterround their neck-s. The continlieci upsurge of the anti-U.S. struggie of the people of aL1 lands is an inevitabilit;'.The Johnson Administration has appointed itself inter-

national gendarme, but the fact is that while it hasgreat ambition it is short on ability, thus cutting aridicuiours figure because of its lack of seif-knowledge.It rvill, Iike a moih fluttering about the light, burnitself in the flames of the anti-U.S. struggie of the peo_ple of the rvorld.

In his Statement Supporting the Dominican peo-ple's Eesistance to U.S. Armed Aggression, ChairmanMao ?se-tung made another clarion call to the wiroleworltl: "The people in the socialist camp should unite,the people of the countries of Asia, Africa and LatinAmerica should unite, the people of every eontinentshouid unite, a-ll peace-Ioving countries and all coun-tries sutrjected to U.S. bullying, interference, controland aggression should unite, and form the broadestunited front to oppose the U.S. imperialist policies ofaggression and war and to safeguard world peace,"

We are con';inced that this great call by ChairmanMao Tse-tung will further inspire aIl the people of theworld opposing U.S. imperiaiism to close their rankssriil n'rore. reinforce and develop the broadesi possibleunited front against U.S. irrrperiaiism. strike dor,vn thecrcss-bones neo-llitlerite banner of the "Johnson Doc-trine." and completel;- defeat the U.S. aggressors.

Lome Excuses for U.S. Aggressionby COMMENTATOB

Following is an abridc,led translation of the arti.cle"Refuting the AbstLrd U.S. Excttses f or Aggression,Against the Daminican Republic" ptLblished. irt "RenntinRibao" on May 12.

- Ed.

HE Dominican people's struggle against U.S.aggression has ..l,on r,i,orldwide sympathy and

support. To escape condemnation, the Johnson Ad-ministration has made one statement after another inthe pasi fortnight, advancing various excuses for ltsfiagrant acts of aggression.

One of the excuses is "to protect American lives."This is a hackne5red formula. memories of which aresiili fresh ln the minds of peopie. As Nlexican ForeignNlinister Antonio Carrillo Flores so aptiy said: "Wecannct br-rt deplore the step ordered by the U.S. Gov-ernmeirt r,r,hich brought back such painful recollectionsto so many countries in the hernisphere."

It rva-s under this same pretext that the L'l'nitedStates landed troops in Lebanon in July 1958. anci con-ducted armed intervention in Leopcldvilie Congo inNovember 1964. This time 35,000 U.S. troops havebeen landed in the Dominican Republic presumabl-v forthe pr-rrpose of protecting the 3.000 Americans therc..But one rvonders whether it is a case of U.S. troops"protecting" American nationals or one of Americannationals "protecting" ihe land-ing of U.S. troops.

May 21 , 1965

The second excuse is "to save the lives of all(Dominican) people." What a saviour! But no picus-scunding rvords can ret-rite the Dominican people'shistory of blood and tears. Since the beginning of thiscenttrn,. U.S. imperialism has repeatedly occupied thatcountry by force-' of arms. It has brutallv cracked dor,",non thr: ]reople rising in revolution and set up onepllppet regime after another. Now, ever since Johnsonbegan 'sa,ving" the Dominican people with guns andbayonets. the streets of Santo Domingo have beenstained r.l,ith the blood of more than 2,000 insurgenttroops and people. If Johnson's excuse were con-sidered valid, r,,,'ouid not the African countries haveeven greatel justification for landing troops in theUnited States to save their Negro brothers and sisterswhose lives are ah,vays in peril?

The ihird excu.se is "to, maintain larv and order."What has lalv and order in the Dominican Republicgot to do with the United States? Moreover, in so faras law is concerned. the provisional Dominican Gover:n-ment was elected by Congress. As for order, Provi-sional President Francisco Caamano has said: "If theAmericans had not sent armed troops into the Domin-ican Republic there r,vould have been peace and onderhere." So it is clear th.at Jchnson is seeking the "larvand order" that r,vill facilitaie U.S. imperiallst enslave-ment of the rvorld. If such "la-lr' and order" rnrere to

11

prevail, the Dominican people would have no lau' andorder of their own.

The fourth excuse is "to help prevent anothercommunist state in this hemisphere." What kind ofstate the Johnson Administration r,rrants to make of theUnited States of America is no business of any othercountry. But Latin America is not Texas, U.S.A.,and. the Latin American peopie have never giventhe United States the right to plotect them. Whatright then has the United States to play the boss inLatin America? If Johnson's logic were valid, thenwould not the Latin America.n peopie have greaterjustification for sending troops to Washington to helpprevent a new fascist state in the Western Hemisphere?The plain truth is that the United States is using theanti-communist smokescreen to achieve lvorld hege-mony and enslave the people of all countries.

The fifth excuse is that "to yield to aggressionbrings oniy greater threats" and that "the consequence

has been more bloodshed and wider war." Thisreminds one of Hitler's outcries more than 20 years

ago. While serrding troops to Czechoslovakia's border,Hitier clairrred that it was because Czechoslovakia

"posed a threat" to "peace in Europe." He called the

Nazi German troops' inr,asion of Czechoslovakla's

Sudetanland "the only possibJ.e means to prese1"l'e

peace"; otherrvise "war," "a fu1l-scale lvar," wouldenslle. There is little difference bett'een Johnson and

I{itler, except tirat the f ormer leaves the latter farbehind in arrogance and bullying.

These excuses dreamt up by Johnson to covel" up

U.S. aggression against the Dominican Republic have

been and will be used to justify U.S. aggression inother parts of the world. Johnson himself declared

only a few days ago that the United States would not

"sIacken" its actions iu the Dominican Republic be-

canse "there are 100 other nations watching."

Chairman Mao Tse-tung to the people of the worldg,ho love peace and justice.''

Chailman Mao's statetnent "is in complete confor-mity with the feelings and thcughts of the Afro-Asianand Latin American peoples and the rest of the rvor'ld'specple," said E.A. Nlartalogawa, Vice-Chairman of theForeign Affairs Sub-Committee of the Indonesian Co-operation Parliament. Secretary-General of the In-donesian Party Adisun-rarto said that Chairman Mao'sstatement was entirely correct and that facts prorred thatthe Chinese people alivays stood at the forefront indefence and suppolt of nations fighting for their in-dependence and liberation. lsrnurvil, head of the In-donesian Party's International Affairs Department andGeneral Chailrnan of the Indcnesian Youth lVlovement,expressed ful1 agreement r,',,ith C1-rairman Mao's state-ment.

Nladame Aminah Hidajat, General Cirairman of theIndonesian Peace Committee, said that Chairman Mao'ss'Latemen'L is a great encouragement to the Dominicanpeople arrd that it not on1y,- mobiiized the Chinese peo-p1e but also the people of other iands.

Siraddjuddin Abbas, General Chairman of the PertiParty and General Chairnan of the Indonesian Orgairi-zation for Afro-Asiar-i Pecple's Solidarity'. said thatChairman Mao's statement "voices the aspilations ofthe prcgressive peoples of Asia, Africa and LatinAmerica. . . . It is approved and upheld by all theu,or1d's progressive peop1e."

Kozo Sasaki, Chairman of the Japanese SocialistParty, said that the stand proclaimed by Chairman MaoTse-tung rvas correct and the U.S. dispatch of troops to

Choirmon Moo's Stotement WinsWorld Accloim

(-\ HAIRMAN l\{ao Tse-tung's NIay 12 statement sup-\-/ porting the Dominican people's resistance to U.S.

armed aggression was hailed by fleedom-loving peopie

all cver the rvoi'Id. In statements to the press and inspeeches poiitical parties, people's organizations, publicleaders and well-knovlrn pelsonalities in Asia, Africaand Latin Atnerica r,l'elcomed the statement as an in-spiration and encouragement and expressed u'hoIe-healted support for it.

In Havana the noted Afro-American leader RoberttrVilliarns said that the heloic Dominican people, as

Chailrnan }r.{ao had pointed out, u-ere not alone in theirlight and could count on the support of the peoples ofthe urorld. The noted Chilean painter Yenturelli said

that Chailman Mao Tse-tui:g's statement was a i'eliableencouragement and a pou'erfn1 su.pport given b-v thepeople of a militant country.

Expressing firm suppoi't for Chairman Mao's state-ment, flah \1'arner, Chairman of the Anti-ItnperialistAmerican Residents in Cuba, rsaid: "As Chairman Maopointed out, U.S. imperialisrn is ploceeding toda;, sg

Hitler, Mussolini and Tojo did in the past, only on astill lalger scale." Today, the task of the peoples of thervorld must be to destroy imperialism. she added.

Mahakou Souvannanrithy, Acting Presid-ent ol theLaotian Party of Peace and Neutralit-v, told the pressin Khang Khay, Laos, that Chairman Mao's statementrvas ful1y consonant v'ith the aspirations of the Laotianpeople and a1i other peace-loving peoples in the rvorld.IIe said: "We, the Laotian Farty of Peace and Neutrality,and all Laotian people, warmly support the appeal of

12 Peking Reuieu, No. 21

clamp dolvn on the strr_rggle of the Don.rinican peoplewas wrong. He pointed ollt that the United States hadinterfered in the internal affairs of other countries underthe pretext of "the defence of freedom,, and ,,anti-communism" and that U.S. interference in the internalaffairs of other countries with armed force and dollarsw'as the root cause undermining peace in Asia and therest of the world and that it should be u,iped out.

Masaharu Hatanaka, leader of the Japan CouncilAgainst Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs, said that Chair-man Mao's statement was timely and that the Japanesepeople who supported the struggle of the Vietnamesepeople endorsed it and tvere encouraged by it.

Bon Shiraishi, Chairman of the Japanese LiaisonCommittee of the Afro-Asian Writers, Conference;Satsuo Yamamoto, a noted film director; Hisao Shinpo,General Secretary of the National Federation ofStudents' SeIf-Government Associations: Shizuma Kai,Acting Chairman of the Japanese Afro-Asian SolidarityCommittee; Kunisuke Nagano, Chairman of the LiaisonCouncil of International Jurists; Tomitaro Kaneda, Vice-Chairman of the General Council of Trade Unions ofJapan; Yoko Matsuoka, Japanese columnist; KyotokuNakano, Buddhist ieader; and Mikiko il1latsuyama, notedJapanese ballerina, \vere among the man.v Japanesepublic figures who expressed to couespondents theirsupport for Chairman Mac's statement.

Chairman of the Syrian Teachers' FederationAhmad Khatib praised Chairman Mao's stater-r-rent sa.v-ing that China's great leader was a consistent opponentof colonialism and neo-colonialism. He supportedChairman Mao's proposal for the foln-ration ol thebroadest united front against U.S. imperialism.

On May 13 ne\\.spapers in Nepal haileci Chailn-ranMao's statement. The Samaya Daily said in its edi-toriai that as Chairman Mao's appeal states, "the en-tire people of the r,,.orld should unite as one, supportthe Dominican revolutiorl and oppose the use of Ameri-can troops there." In its editorial Matribhumi Dailysaid: "The statemenl of Chairman Mao Tse-tung canbe totally accepted as a prophecy of the defeat anddisgrace of American imperialism."

Shirley Graham Du Bois, rvife of the late weii-known American Negro scholar W.E.B. Du Bois,declared in a press statement in Accra tl-rat "togetherwith millionrs of freedom- and peace-loving pecplethroughout the world, I greet Chairman Mao Tse-tung'sstatement."

The Zanzibar News Service in its Ma;, 17 editorialhailed Chairman Mao's statement, saying that it hascompletely exposed the ferocious features of U.S. im-perialism and greatly contributed to the political andideological awakening of the people of the world.

The OIfice of the South West African NationalUnion (SWANU) in Cairo issued a statement on May12. It said: "SWANU fh'miy endorses the idea of theleader of the Chinese peopie that a1l peace-Iovingcountries and all countries subjected to U.S. bullyingform the broadest possible united front to oppose the

Illay 21, 7965

U.S. imperialist policies of aggression and war andsafeguard lvoriC peace."

At press inten,iews at Dar-es-Salaam Litsebe Ma-tooane, chief representative of the Basutolancl Con-gress Party, and Jacob Kuhangua. Secretary-Generalof the People's Organization of South West Africa(SWAPO), expressed their support for Chairman Nlao,sstatement.

In its statement SWAPO's Cairo Office said: "TheSouth West Africa People's Organization backs thestatement issued by Chairman l\{ao Tse-tung in supportof the fighting people of the Dominican Republic. Thisstat,ement once again shon's t.he nnreserved support ofthe Chines,e pecple for the fighting people of theworId." The SWAPO statement continued: "ChairmanMao's call for much-needed unity among the people inthe socialist camp and the people of Asia, Africa andLatin America is vital and essential."

Delegates to the 4th Afro-Asian People's SolidarityConference at Winneba, Ghana. warmly hailed Chair-man Mao's siatemeni. S.\L ifltambanengwe, Ext.ernalAffairs Secretarv and leader of the Zimbabwe AfricanNational Union Delegation, said: "We cannot betterthe very strong telms in u.hich Chairman Mao has con-clemned the recent naked aggression of the U.S. im-periaiists agair-rst the Dominican people. We endorsewholeheartedly the rvords of Chairman Mao Tse-tungon this burning issue. Chairman Mao is entirelylight in describing the acts of the U.S. imperialistsas the freedom of pirates."

Albert I(issonga, General Director of Infornrationand Press Service of the Supreme Council of Revolu-tion of Leopoldviile Congo; Philtip G. Matante, Chair-rtan of the Bechuanaland People's Party; and E"L.Ntlodibe, member of the delegation of the Pan-Afri-canist Congress; also expr,essed their support for Chair-man Mao's statement rvhile attending the current Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Conference.

In Cairo, the Office of the Pan-Africanist Congress(FAC) of South Afriea and V.R. Sithole, Financial Sec-retary and representative of the Mozambique NationalDemocratic Union, issued statements voicing their sup-port for Chairman Mao's statement.

From Dar-es-Salaam, Dlamini, Secretary-Generalof the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress of Swazi-land and Secretary of the Joint Council of SwazilandPolitical Parties; G. Mukono, Secretary for Public Af-fairs and Director of the Central Bureau of Informa-tion of the Zimbabl.e African National Union; andJames R. Chikerema, Deputy President of the Zim-babwe African People's lJnion, aiso stated their supportfor Chairman Mao's statement.

In Algiers Luis d'Alrneida, permanent representa-tive in Algiers of the Angola People's Liberation Move-ment, declared that the An.golan people welcome Chair-man Mao's statement and that he fully agreed that itwas necessary for the masses of the people to establisha front to make it impossibie to r,evive the imperialistgunboat policy.

13

Lioo Cheng-chih's Speeeh ct Winnebs

Follouing ore e:rcerpts from a speech bg LictoCheng-chih, head, oJ the Ch,inese delegatian, at th.e

Fourth Atra-Asian Peopl,e's Sol,idaritg Conjere.nce ott,

May 1L in, Wbtneba, Ghana. BaldJace emphases areours.

- Ed.

rf,\HE vigorous developinent of the national-liberationI *ov"*ent in Africa an.J Asia greatly encourages all

the revcluticr-rar3. people of the rvorlcl. Thc African andAsian pecl:le dare to iight. dare tc rr.'in and darr- to actas master's of their own lanri. The Afri.can and Asianpeople, like gianis, have stooc1 up. i'rfiica, aircl ^lsi;r havebecome arvahened, :rdrr:inced ai-rci levoiutionary con-tinenis.

The \,/ietnamese' people ale iva.ging a, qreat stt'uggleagain-st U.S. a.ggressicn and f ol national salr,aticn.rvhich has beeorne the foeal point of ihe gresr'nt anti-imperialist struggle o[ the pccrrle of Asia, Alrica andthe w'laole vrorld.

T'ightening the ::roose a,rcirircl tlie i-ri-ck oi U.S" im-perialism. t1-ie stir-igg1e of tire Vietnarnese people issericlrsly sapping its strength. This creates e\,en ]norefa-vcri::ab1e ccnrlitions for the stt'u.ggle of thc peoples oiAsia, Aflic:i anci Latir-r America against imperialismand for i-raticnal liberation. 'Ihis is the glcaiest sup-port to the national-liberation n-iovemeiit in Asia, Africaand Latin America. as rvell as a splenil.id contribution tothe defence cf peace by the people of the world.

What is the meaning cf the "unconditional dis-cussions" or the settlement of the \riet Nam questionthrough '"peacefui negotiations" proposed by Johnson,the ringieader of U.S. imperialisrn, when the Vietna-mese pecpie are rvinning one rrictory after anothei: intheir strriggle against U.S. aggt'ession and i.ihen the U.S.imperialist crimes of aggression are meeting with in-creasingly strong condemnation i:y the people of thervorld ?

JohnsoiT's so-calied "unccncilticnal discussions.,, iniact. mean "discussions" on his terms. They meanforcing people to recognize, under the threat of the U.S.imperialist butche:''s knife, tl-rat U.S. aggression againstViet Nam is 1egal, and that the United States has theright to scrap the Geneva agrt--ements at will, per:peiuatethe division of Viet Nam, hang oi: in south Viet Nam,continue to enslave and slaughter the south Vietnamesepeople rand at.iack the Democratic Republic of Viet Namas it likes. In short, by waving his olive branch,Johnson is trying to cover up U.S. imperialist sanguinaryaggression and aid the implementation of his criminal

14

Comferenceplan for the escalation of the u'ar in order to pei'petuateU.S. occupation of south Viet Naur. The so-called"unconditional discussions" mean nothing hut the un-conditional surrender of i;he Vietnamese pecple. Thisis war biacknrail pure and simple.

The Vietnamese people have given a clear and un-equivocal ansrr]er to .Tohnson's war blackmail' Tirey havemade the tremendously inspiring vorv that they refuseto be enslaved and are determined to fight to tire endgeneraticn aiter generaiion, till not a single U.S' soldierremains on Viet Nam soil. iis Fresident Ho Chi i\{inhi-ias said, ihr r;ri-,, -r',.-aJz to sch,e the Viei Nam quesiionis: "Flrst of all, the Unirccl Statcs must r."'i'Lhai:a-fir fromsc':r'ii'r irie f. i,aur, iet ihe scu.ih Vietnan^,1'si: ';;eoole decidetheir ourn affaii's tl^ienr,ich'es. and stop i,ts prorio':atir:t:a.iiacks aga.inst the Deroocra'Lic P.ep,,ibllc of Vlet ldan-i."The Sc-r-t-,ii r,'::-1r Nan:l iiational Front fcr Liberation i-urs

-r,le r:-rr-rlr- ci,-.cla:r'eci: ".,i1i il::ei:tiations u,ith the L-1.S.

imperialists a,. ihis :rcmeni :.r'e entilci)- u.seiess if the5,

stili refu-se to rvithdraw from south Viei i{::in all theirtrccps a"nd. :r11 I<inds ol r.var mate;:ials and r-ne;Lns an.d

'ii-rcse of their saieliiies. if thev siiii cio not dismantlea,il il-reir r.-rilitary bases in south Viet i\iai:r, if the trai--ucr'-r siiil sul'o-:der the -qcuth \rietnamese pecple',s saclr.eC

rights of independence ar:d democracy to the U.S. iiu-perrir.lists. and if the South Viet i'Iam National Fi'ont folLibei:aticn

- the only genu.ine represeniative of ihe 14million south Vietnamese people

- does not have it's cle-

cisr';e. say.'' 'I'he peoples of Africa and Asia never failto tell right trom lvrong and distinguish enemies fromfriends. President K\r-ame Nkrumah put it r,vel1 whenhe saici tl"rat the queisticn of the Vietnamese revolution"can only be resol.ved by the Vietnamese people them-se1\res." \4/e must wholeheartedly respect and resolu-tely support the clear and firm stand of the Vietnarnesepeople and rejeet all plots for "peaceful negotiations"in rvhatever guise.

Some rvell-intentioired friends ma5u think that anacceptance of the so-caIled unccnditional negotiationsmay help bring about the uiithdrawal of the U.S. ag-glessors and restore peace in Viet Nam. We must have noillusions rvha.tever about U.S. irnperialism. It is a setpolicy of the United Staies to continue its occupationcf south Viet Nam. Jchnson iras openlv declared thatthe United States "wiil not rvithdrarv, either openly orunder the cloak of a meanii-rgless agreement," and thatthe United States is determined to fight an "endlesscourse of battle" for this purpose. Thus. it is clear thatthe U.S. aggressors will never withdraw from southViet Nam of their olvn aceord and that they wilt only

PeL;ittg Reuiew, I/o" 2I

get out if the Vietnalllese people persist to the very endin tlleir resistance to aggression. '-{o corcpromise }ralfw'ay u'ill only encourage aggressicn, The U.S. "pe,icu'talk" intrigues are merely designed to retrieve theirdefeat in \riet Narn. To aclvertise so-called "uncon-ditional talks" runs compietely counter to the interestsand aspirations of the Vietnamese people and is fullyin acccrd rvith the interests of U.S. imperialism.

Tl-rere are cther fliends whose attitude on the VietNanr question ls not sufficiently fair. Neglecting thenational interests of the Vietnamese people" thesefriends keep on urging them to compromise, make con-cessicns and accomlnoriate U.S. imperiali:sm. They evenfail to see that appeasing the U.S. agglessols ..voulci onlyinflate their: arrogance in their aggression and suppres-rsicn cl the national-iiberaticn rrror./emenls everyrvhere.Tl-ris u'culd not onlv harm the inter:ests of tire Vlet-nanrese people but ri'ould also be detrimental to thesefrier-rds themselves. It u'ou1d not only harm the nationalscr.,.t-r'eignty and independence of Viet Nanr. but r'vouldalso e,.'entuallf impair ihe natiorral sc.'\'ereiqni:.' arrcl

inriependence ci the.ir c-u'ir conltries. The struggle ofthe Vietnamese pe ople is closel-v linkecl r-,'ii h ihe vitr.l ii-r-

telt-.,i-s of all the peoples of Asia and Africa. Chocsingoul sl.anci belureen the aqgresscl and- the lic:.irr-l ":'i a"g-

qi'essicn. betrveen the imperialists and the oppresseci

naiions. rvc', t^-rc Afro-Asian cor-ltltries and pecples, can

on11- siCe r',-itir tire opplessed na-tions fighting aggrt's-'-sion: r','e nnst not take any other stand.

It follo.,rzs, therefore. tl-iat to aLdvccate at present tilesetilii-lg of thc Viet Nam question through so-called

"peacefr-rl negotiations" in t','hatevei: for-tn is preciself iocaler to Johnson's needs. It is just like neeting theneeds of U.S. imperialism b;.' advocating that the Ai'abpeople have peaceful negotiati.ous u'ith Islael ancl thcpatriots of thr' Congo (L) have peaceful negotiationsu'ith the puppet Tshcmbe.

We belier,e that a1l fliends -",'ith a ser-rse of patriot-ism and justice wiil ce::tain1;- not be misled b1' LI.S. im-perialism's plct cf "peaceful negotiaticns'' once the;-

understantl the trr-rth of the Viet Nam qtlestion. How

can it be imagined that so-call'ed "peaceful negotiations"rvili be held at a tin're i,n'hen U.S' imperialism hangs on

in south Viet Nam, seucs rnore troops there. is bomb-ing the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam on a stillla.rger scale and threatens to escalate its r'var cf aggres-

sicn further? To hoid so-called "peaceful negotiations"

at such a moment and in such circnmstances amoltnts

tc asking the Vietnamese people to la;r dorvn theil arms

r,vith r'r,hich they are resisiing aggression. and to sl',l'ren-

der. t,hile legalizing U.S. imperialism's viclation of the

Geneva agreements and its occllpation o1' sot-tth VietNam and its atta.ck on the Demccratic Republic of VietNam. This r'i,ould only encourage U.S. imperialism lnits r,r,ar adventllres and pose a more seriotts threat toworld Peace.

lVe rnust also maintain vigilanee against those pec-pie who h3vs made some gestures of strpport for theVietnamese people uith the intention of gaining capital

llt6y 21, 1965

for a political bargain with UlS. imperialisrn, imple-men{ing their so-cailed general line of peaceful coexist-ence

- nainely, co-operalion with the United States {orworld drimination - anrl betraying the rer.olutionrrystruggle of ttrre Vietnarnese people. It is certain thatwhatever deceptions and plots thel' ma-lr resort to canachier,e nothing except the further exposure of theirolvn ugly features antl are bound to go bankrupt.

Today, q,hen U.S. imperialisn-r is desperateiy com-mitting aggression against Viet Nam and brutaliyslaughtering the Vietnamese people and when the Viet-namese people are shedding their blcod in their war ofresistance. the peopie of Asia and Aflica must unite andact in positir,,e response to tl-re appeals rnade b)' theSouth Viet Nam National Front for Liberation and theNational Assembly of the Dernocratic Republic of VietNam and girze all-or-rt support to the Vietnamese people'sstruggle. To support the Vietnamese people is tostrengthen the struggle of th,e Afro-Asian people againstimperia.lism. and hence to strengthen themselves. We arehappl' io :iee that the Vietnamese people's struggle isqa,ining wider and- widel syrlpa.thv and support fr:omti'ic c:'-i:..ti'ies a-ncl pecples of Africa and Asia.

U.S. imperialisi agglession in Asia l'ras set oil ananii-U.S. storm amo,ng the Asian people.

U.S. iI-irpr:i'iaiism j:: li:r,, arch-enemy of the naticnal-liberation movement in Aflica. The Uniied States hasperpeti'atecl evei'v possible crir.ne in the Congo (Leopold-viile). U.S. ilr.roerialis;l's forcible occt-lpation of theCongo (L) is like a dagger: thr-r-ist lnto the heart ofAfrica. It is a gla,ve nenace to Africa as a rvhole andto the nel'-en-rerging countlies arcund the Congo (L) inparticular.

Le,alning ,ticrrr biood..' lessons and holding high thebanner of Patlice Lumumba. ti.ie Congolese people, r'r,ho

are becor-ning mc1'e and more a.vakened, have resolutelytaken up arms and are fighting gallantly against U.S.imperialisn :rnd iis rr-rnning dogs. The African peopleand many of the gorzernments of the new-emergingAflicai'r nations, ri'ilich uphcld jus';ice, aIi stand by theCongolese pairiots, rvho are persisting in armed strug-gle. and firmiy oppose the U.S. aggressors and theTshon-rbe pi;ppet governrnent.

The flag ol the United Nations is dripping with theblood of the peoples of Asia and Africa. Manipulatedby the United States. thc United Nations has beeome a

tool of U.S. imperialism lor undermining and supsress-ing the naiional-liberation movements in Asia, Afticaand Latin America. And nolv, through the instrumen-tality of the so-cailed U.N. "Special Committee forPeace-Keeping Operations," the U.S. impelialists andtheir partners are plotting to set ttp a pei:manent U.N.force to suppress the national-liberation movements.V,/e Afro-Asian peoples shall never tolerate the use ofthe United Nations by U.S. imperialism and its accom-plices for their dirty deeds.

It is higtra time to thoroughly extrlose and eondemn

the crimes of the United Natious. Orir conference

,(

should sternly denounce the crimes perpetrated by theUnited Nations against the Afro-Asian pecrples' The

United Nations should forthwith correct its mistakes,

be thoroughly reorganized and free itself from U.S. im-perialist control. Otherwise it may be necessary toconsider the establishment of a revolutionary UnitedNations, as a rival drama in competition with the UnitedNations which is now controlled by U.S. imperialisroand does nothing 6r;1 grzil. Any attempt to belittle andnegate the important role of the African and Asiancountries in international affairs is bound to fail. ltwilt be impossible to settle any lmportant internationalissue without the participation and agreement of the2,000 million people of Africa and Asia.

Of tate, U.S. imperialism, in collusion with WestGerman militarism, has stepped up its arming of Israel.This has posed a pfrave threat to the independence andsecurity of the Arab countries and aroused great indig-nation among the Arab people. They resolutel;, refuseto compromise with Israel. a tcol of imperialism, andreject peaceful coexistenee with it.

The national-lib,eration movement of the Arabpeople is an important integr"al part of the Afro-Asiannational-lib,eration movement. We Chinese people havealways sto,cC steadfastly on the siCe of our Arab brothersand sisters, anC u,e ',r,ill continue to do so. We resolutelysupport the Arab people of Palestine in tht-ir struggleto return to their 'homeiand and regain their larvfulrights, and all the Arab people in their struggle tosafeguard their national sovereignty and oppo-se im-perialism and its too1. Israei. The Chinese people rvi11

not recognize Israel, no.r will the Chinese Governm'entestablish diplo,matic relations u'ith it. We are co-t-vinced that victory rvi1l assuredi;r beiong to the Arabpeople fighting for justice.

U.S. imperialism has of late been sending troopsto the Dominican ReptlbJ.ic for naked arme'd interfer-ence and aggression against that country. We strongl-vcondemn U.S. imperialism for its act of piracy andfirmly support the Dominican people in their patrioticanti-U.S. struggle. We propose that the conference ex-press mighty solidarit;r with the Dorninican people. U.S.

imperialism still threatens the independence and sove-reignty of Cuba. It stil1 maintains its reactionary policyof enslaving and exploiting the people in the coun-tries of Latin America. The struggle of the Latin Amer-ican people against U.S. in-rperialism and its stoogesis dev,eloping in depth. Armed struggles for nationalliberation have broken out in many Latin .{mericancountries. The Chinese people support the Cuban peo-p1e and all the people of I"atin America in their juststruggie against U.S. imperialist aggression and for thedefence of their independence and sovereignty. U.S. im-perialism must get out of Latin America!

U.S. imperialism is being besieged ring upon ringby the people thro,ughout the world, includingthe American peoptre. The struggle of our AmericanNegro brothers and sisters against racial discrimina-tio,n and for freedo.m is mounting daily. Recently, the

16

American peoptre have unfolded mass campaigns againstthe Johnson Administration's aggressio,n in Viet Namand for the withdrawal of U.S. tro,ops from there. We

salute the courageo,us and peace-Ioving Americanpeople!

We are sule that the Secon'd Conference of theAsian an,C African Heads of State will continue to holdhigh the banner of the Bandung Conference, that ofunity against imperialism. and reflect the common de-sire and urgent d,emands of the Afro-Asian peoples intheir struggle against imperialism and old and neu' colo-nialism and for the winning and safeguarding of na-tional independence, strengthen the soildarity betrveenthe Afro-Asian countries and peoples and contributeto the further deveiopment of the n,ational-liberationmovement in Africa and Asia.

The experience of the new-emerging Afro-Asiancountriss has proved that the development of an inde-pendent national economy on th,e basis of self-relianceand through mutual assistance based on equality andmutual benefit is the sure road for the Afro-Asian peo-ples to achieve complete independence and economicprosperity. The "aid" given by imperialism and itsparttter$ always has conditions attached and alwaysbenefits them at the expense of others. Mo,reover, theyhave thought up a so,-called "theor:y of the interna-tional division of labour" and talked loudly about the''industria1l1- aCvanced" countries ai.ding the "under-developed" ones. In fact, u,hat the)'are seeking is toprom,ote neo-colonialism in the Afro-Asian countriesand keep them dependent economically and enslavedfor ever.

Since the First Afro-Asian People's Solidai'ity Con-ference, the experience of the Afro-Asj.an people's soiid-arity movement shows that the first and most urgenttask of the peoples of Africa and Asia is to oppose im-perialism and o1d and netv colo,nialism, r,l,hich areh,eaded b1' the United States.

For a long time now sorne people have been put-ting forrvard the argument th.at our movement shouldregard so-caljed general and complete disarmament andpeaceful coexistence with imperialism as our first andforemosi task. This is completely erroneous. Thisargument has now gone totally b,ankrupt. The livingfacts are that the imperialists, and the U.S. imperial-ists in particular, are everywhere suppressing the na-tional-liberation movement, carrying out subversionand intervention against the ne\v-emerging indepen-dent countries, madly engaging in a drive fo,r generaland compiete armament and threatening world peace.Confronted with this situation, the new-emerging coun-tries of Asia and Africa and their people must strength-en their capacity for national defence, establishpeople's armed forces and rvage a tit-for-tat struggleagainst imperialism; there can be no peaceful coexist-ence with imperialism. The common historic taskconfronting the Afro-Asian p.eoples is to establish closerunity, drive the forces of imperialism, and especiallyof U.S. imperialism, out of Africa and Asia, and strive

Peki,ng Reuieu, No. 21

for a new Africa and a new Asia, freed fr,om imperial-ism and colonialism.

Throughout the world the people ar,e earnestiy ex-pecting our conference to take urgent steps to give ef-fective suppo.r't to our Vietnamese brothers. TheChinese delegation would like to propose:

(1) that this conference wholeheartedly respond tothe call of the Vietnamese peopie, and make an appealto the people of Africa and Asia and the world to launcha powerful campaign for driving the U.S, aggresso!:sout of Viet Nam and give all-out support to the juststruggle of the Vietnamese people until their finalvictory;

<2) that this conference sternly condemn andresolutely oppose the U.S, imperialist torvering crimesof aggression in Viet Nam and escalation of the rvarthere. All U.S. aggressors must get out of south VietNam and Indo-China;

(3) that this conference declare that to advocateany unconditional "peace talks" in the present situa-tion means asking the south Vietnamese people to laydorvn their arms and stop fighting. This conlerencefirmly opposes any "peace talks" intrigue aimed at sell-ing out the interests of the {ietnamese pecple antlthe big fraud of Johnson's so-called "unconditionaldiscussions";

(4) that this conference declare its unreservedsupport for the solernn staternent of the South VieiNam National Front for Liberation issued on llarch 22,

1965 and the solemn appeal to the world adopied llvthe Second Session of the Third National Assembly oIthe Democratic Bepublit of Viet Nam. The South Viet

Nam National Front for Liberation is the sole genuinerepresentative of the south Vietnamese people. Thequestion of south Viet Nam should be settled by thesouth Vietnamese people themselves and the questionof the reunification of Viet Nam should tre settled bythe Vietnamese people themselves;

(5) that this conference support the Second Inter-national Conference for Solidarity rvith the People ofViet Nam Against U.S. Imperialist Aggression and forthe Detence of Peace to be called by its permanentbureau in Hanoi in order to strengthen the activities ofthe people in different countries in supporting Viet Namagainst U.S. aggression.

We llould like to propose that this conference adoptspecial resolutions in support of the struggles be'ingwaged by the peoples of the Congo (Leopoldville), theDominican Eepubiic, Cuba and other countries to winliberation and to fight against imperialism.

We would like to propose further that this con-felence adopi all effective measures to increase oursupport for the . str-uggles of the Afi'o-Asian peoples,and paiticuiarl5' our moral and malerial support forthcse brotheLs and sisters ivho are waging arduousstruggles for independeirce.

In accordance with the unanimous decision of theAlgiers CounciL session gLrncer-ning the convocation ofthe Fifth Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Conference inthe capital of our ccuntr.v in 196?, and on behatf ofthe Chinese peopie ancl the Chinese Committee forAfr'o-A,sian soliCaritn. I wish once again to expressot'lr \\.arm u-elcome anii lcok fonvard to receiving ourfriends in Peking.

Resolutionceased to use the methods of open aggression and mili-tary conquest rvith which they founded their empiresin the past and enslaved whole continents. They arenorv intensiff ing theii' elf crts to recolonize newly in-Cependent countries, to sLlppress natior-ral-liberationmovements. and to folcibl1, prevent the adoption of pro-gressive measures in all developing countries.

Under the h-'-pocritical prelext that they are pro-tecting freedorn and democlacy, they have openly de-clared lval against evel)' movement of 1-iational libera-tion and economic progless in those parts of the rl'oricir^.'hich they rvish to continue exploiting u,'ith the sarnerapacity and indifference to human suffering rvhichthey have shown in the past.

In order to achieve their ends they have embarkedon acts of criminal aggression against the people ofViet Nam; on outright military occupation of the Do-

Winnebq Conference Generol Politicol

rIIHE Fourth Conference of Afro-Asian Peopie's Soli-I darity Organization. meeting in Winneba from 9

to 16 May, 1965, regards w'ith gravest concern the pres-

ent international situation aggravated by the inten-sification of imperialist aggression. Horvever. the con-

f erence notes rzr'ith deep sat,isf action that. since the

Moshi Conference, the national-liberation movementin Africa, Asia and Latin America has been develop-ing powerfully and has won gleat victories and dealttelling blows at the imperialists, coloniaiists. neo-

coLonialists and racists headed by the U.S. imperialists.In their desperate efforts to save themselves fromtotal defeat and final collapse, the imperialists are nowwaging war on the three continents against the in-dependent peoples in order to re-establish fetrdal, reac-tionary and neo-colonialist regimes which will be sub-servient to thern in their continued political domina-tion and economic exploitation' The imperialists never

Malt 21, 19651n

minican Republic; in the Congo (L), the imperialistsare giving military aid, l-riring mercenaries and send-

ing bombers to the puppet regime of Moise Tshombe;

on furnishing arms to the fascist regimes of Salazar,Verwoerd. and to the African neo-colonialist coun-tries mainly through Israel in order to suppr'ess thefreedom fighters' movements in these countries; onmilitary adventures in Yemen; on the economic stran-gulaiion of Cuba, and on containing and sabotagingthe economies of states with sociaiist programmes fornational development.

The Afro-Asian countries should co-ordinate theireconomic policies in the face of the imperialist, colo-nialist and neo-colonialist sabotage. Those countrieshaving advanced and having powerful econorni,es shouldin this field reconsi'der their relations rvith the de-veloping counti'ies. These reiations should be based notonly on the principle of mutuai interest but also onqenuine solidaritv.

Iinperialist manoeuvres in Africa have assumeddangelous diraensions and the cunning foltu of neo-coloniaiist exploiiatioi-r. lateiy characterized by the es-tablishment of ihe Afro-Maigache Community Organ-izaticn (O.C.A.ryL), an imperialirst creation. aimed tosave Moise Tshon-rbe's legin*re and all other simiiarregimes in Africa; attacking not only the ploglessivestates of Africa but above all the just idea of Africanunity as contained in the charte;: of the Oi'ganrza'uionof African Uniiy. But the conference is convincedthai these manoeuvres cor:ld be stoppecJ- b-u.- the unitrvof th,e progressive forces in Africa in the form of anAfrican revolutionary front struggling against imperial-ism and reaction, fol the genuine unity of Ailica. Inpar'ticu1ar, the forrnatlon of a union government as thesur.est guarantee for political and economic security ofthe continent and its contribution to the security ofmankind.

The desperate and ruthless policies of the impelial-ists are clearly aimed to save tl-reir colonialist and neo-colonialist structures from final col1apse. But neithertheir aggressive u,ars r-ror their measures of economiccontaihment can prevent or slorv down the forces ofliberation, social justice and economic progress fromachieving their goals. They can only call for greaterheroic efforts and fiercer struggles from the peoplesof Africa, Asia, Latin America and all progressive peo-pie of the world.

Our urgent task is to intensify the peoples' struggleagainst aggression, to win and safeguard irationai in-dependence and to ensure peace. This means using allthe powers antt means at the command of our peol:lesto compel the Anglo-American imperialists to withdrawtheir rnilitary forces from south Viet Nam, the Congo(L), the Dominican Bepublic, South Yemen and Malaya(including Singapore), and North Kalimantan. This isour supreme duty.

With the aim of completing the national liberationof all peoples under colonial chains, of ftrrthering

18

human progress to a more just social system and great-er economic development, of preserving rn'orld peace,

the conference affirms its determination to oppose ag-gression of imperialists by consoiidating the solidarityof the peoples of Africa and Asia, and by extending itssolidarity to embrace the peoples of Latin America andits co-operation with other progressive peopies in thervoild, by struggling against imperialist aggressionw'hich threatens world peace, ancl by taking counter-measures to destroy neo-coloniaList structures of eco-

nomic exploi.tation throughout the developing u'orl'd'

We must mobilize, organize and educate our peo-ples to regard the f'oreign military bases and jointmiiitary pacts in their rnidst not only as a continuousthreat to peace, but also an encroachment on theirnational sovereignty, and consequently to regard gor'-ernntents which allow imperialists to establish andmaintain such bases and such joint pacts or aily countrybuilding up colossal military rnight with U.S. aid andweapons for aggressive actions against neigh';ours inAsia, Africa and Latin America as neo-eolonialist pup-pet governments and enernies of their people. Wemust consolidate our own soliCarit-v an<i exten'ri it trlinciude the people of Latin America u,ho ar-e also sr,tf-fering frorrr the ,qame form o*'neo-colonialism headedb), U.S. imperlalism. Notr. tha'L U.S. imperialism hassplead its tentacles ov.er all the continents, our .solid-arity rvith Latin America is not only logical, but im-peratirre. In the Linite<i States itself. 22 million Afro-Arnerlcans are suffering from the same laciai dis-cr:imination and exploitation rvhich plagues the peopleunder colonial ruie. The struggle of Afro-Americansshoulci no lcnger be regarded as a civil rights issuebut that oI human rights x,hich must be raised beforethe United Nations.

The conference affirms that it is the legitimateright of the Afro-Asian peoples to answer imperialistviolence by revolutionary violence in their struggle fornational liberation and for safeguarding national in-dependence. This is lvh} r,r,e support the statementmade b5, President Nkrumah: "You are entitied to yourfreeCom at any cost, and if you are only able to gainyour freedom by an armed struggle, we will not onlyconsider your wars against foreign oppressor as justanC holy, but we will be prepard to help you as ifthese were our own wars for our own liberation."

The conference supports the Second Afro-AsianConference to be held in Algiers. It is convinced thatthis conference will contribute to the achievement ofnationai independence byr f[6 Afro-Asian and LatinAmerican peoples and that it u,ill promote solidaritybetwe.en the peopies of the three continents.

The conference condeilns the United States which,by imposing its imperialist policies despite every effortexerted by progressive forces, has transformed theUnite'd Nations Organization into its tool to frustrateand suppress the national-libera"tion movements inAsia. Africa and Latin America. We eall upon thepeoples of Asia and Africa to demand and eornpe! the

Peicing Reoieu, lio. 21

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United Nations to correct its mistakes and return tothe principles of its charter. Should it fail to do so,then w,e must reorganize it so that it can reflect thewill of the Afro-Asian peoples instead of that of theimperialists. OnIy thus can it become an instrumentof peace. We encourage and support the efforts ofthe Afro-Asian states in the United. Nations to achievesuch aims.

Our measures for the expulsion of imperialistarmies, for the destruction of imperiali.st military bases,pacts and for. the end of all coionial occupations, for theabolition of all forms of neo-colonialist exploitation, forthe destruction of all neo-colonialist puppet govern-ments must be based on the affirmation of follorvingobjectives:

To organize and mobilize

- mass demand for the withdrar,val of all American

aggressive trccps frcm south Viet Nam and to giveevel'y possible support to the D.R.V. struggling againstthe military aggression of American imperialism anCrecognize the Natronal Liberation Fr.ont of South VietNam as the only iegitimate body expressing thc u'i1i ofthe south Vietnamese people;

- mass 5sppcrt o{ Airica, Asia and Latin Amelicafor the people of the Congo (Lecpc1dvil1e) in theirheroic struggle Ied by the National Llbet'ation Councilagainst imperialist intervention especially U.S. imperial-ism, British and Beigian mining monopolists t ho ar,:draining the minerai resoLlrces cf the Ccngo:

- the peopie of the world, to firml}, support t1-ie

armed strllggle being waged b;v the peoples of Cameroonand Niger against French imperialist aggression camou-flaged behind the regimes of neo-colonialist dictatorship;

- the peopie of Africa, Asia and Latin America to

denounce the crimes of the armed aggression of theUnited States against the people of tl-re DomiuicanRepublic and the U.S. imperialists' open intervention touse the Organization of American States to sen,e U.S.aggressive purposes in Latin America;

- the people of the whole \^.'orld to give firm sup-

port to the people of Cuba in its heroic stluggle againstthe provocations and aggressions of American imperial-ism and the illegal economic blockade of the Republicof Cuba;

- to obtain the firm support of the people of theworld for the armed struggle of the people of Venezuela,Colombia, Guatemala and Honduras against U.S. neo-colonialist political and economic domination;

- to denounce the presence of colonialism on the

Anerican Coirtinent and to firmly support the struggleof tire peopies of Puerto Rico, British Guiana, Marti-nique and Guadeloupe for national independenee;

- people for firm support to the armed struggle

being waged by the people of Angola. so-called Portu-guese Guinea and Mozambique, a.gainst the Portuguesecolor-rialists and their imperialist accomplices in NATO;

MaE 21, 1965

- pecple for filn-r support to the peoples of South

Africa and South-trVest Africa in their just struggleagainst racial discrimination and the criminal apartheidpolicy, and for their total liberation;

- people for firm support to the struggle of the

Zimbabwe people against the racialist regime of settlerminority imposed by force on the African people ofZimbabwe:

- people for firm support to the peoples of Be-

chr-ranaland, Basutoland, Swaziland and so-called FrenchSomaliland as well as other African peoples in their juststruggle for independence and liberty;

- people to give active and firm support to the

masses of Africa in their determination and efforts iorealize African unity and thereby to unmask andfrustr-a',e the neo-colonialist puppets u,ho seek to splitthe O.A.U. through the urgent ci'eation of neo-colonialistinstitutions such as the O.C.A.M. known for its hostilityto the Adciis Ababa Charter, and thus preventing theestablishment of a solid basis for the creation of a con-tinental union got,ernment;

- people Ior firn-r support io the peoples of Oman,

Bahrain and other occupied palts of the Arabian Gulfin their- ji-isi stlu.ggie against British imperialism for. in-dependence and iioer'.1-;

-people for firm support to the A:.'ab palestinranpi:c.cie il tl-reil iust siiuggle a.gainsi Is;r-ael, a consciot_isinstrument of imperiaiism, and fcl' every assistance tobe given to the Arab fighter:s of Palestine to liberatetheir usurped homeland;

- people for firm suppori to the armed struggle

being rvaged b;' the people of occupied South Yemen(Aden and protectorates) against Blitish colonialism andits military bases o.[ aggression;

- to suppolt the peopie of Cyprus in their strugglefor complete, unrestricted, unfettered sovereignty andindependence and their right to determine their futur.ein accordance with the principle of self-determinationwithor-rt any foreign intervention, interference or threatof aggression;

- support of the Afro-Asian and Latin Americanpeoples for the people of Malaya (including Singapore)and North Kalimantan in their armed struggle againstAnglo-American imperiallsm and for dissolution of theneo-colonialist federation of "Malavsia" and for com-plete national independence of their respective coun-tries;

- people for firm suppart to the Korean people in

their struggle to smash the criminal "South Korea-Japan talks" aimed at perpetuating the division ofKorea and fabricating the aggressive military bloc"NEATO," for the wiihdrawal of U.S. troops fromsouth Korea and for realizing unification of the coun-try against American imperialism withottt any in-terference from outside;

19

-people for film su-pport to the Laolian people ior

their struggle agarnst U.S. imperialist intervention andaggI'essiol-l;

- people for support of the Cambodian people in

their just str-uggle against subrrersirre plots of U.S. im-perialism:

- to support the struggle of the Japanese people

against U.S. imperialism and the Japanese reacticnaryforces subservient to it, using Japan as their base forthe policy of aggression and r,var, pai'ticularly torvardsthe Asian peoples;

- the Af ro-Asian people to struggle against racismprevailing in the United States against our coioui'edbrothers and to extend to them oltr necessary aid tctheir strr-rggle in defence of human rights. freedom andsocial justice;

- people to extend to the national-liberation molre-ments, particularly those engaged in armed struggleagainst imperialism, colonialisrrl, neo-cnlonialism andracialism, every material and moral support rvhich theyhave the right to demand from the Afro-Asian coun-tries;

- people for firm support for alI national-liberation

foi'ces engaged in rerzolutionar'5r and armed str-ugglea.gainst neo-colonialist puppet govei'nments in Africa,Asia and Latin Arnerica;

- and to organize and mobilize people for firmsupport for aII the Latin American peoples in tl-reirheroic struggie against imperiaiism and for nationalliberation I

(Boldface emplwses qre ours, -

Ed.)

Cou ntries

Follouing aie ercerpts of a rey:tort to cLn enlargetlsessiolz of the ltun ding Camntill-e e rtJ ihe I riticrralPeaple's Congress ort Mag 5 by Liu Nirtg-I; Vice-Cltait"ntan of the lI.P.C. Sianclinq Cont:tLittet. ir'licrecently headed o N.P.C. d.elegation to Guinea, fulcLli,

the Re'public of Central Africa, the Congo (B) unclGhctna.

- Ed..

I

IYfHAT impressed us rilost during our visit is theVY strong determination and militant spirit of the

African people in com.bating imperialism, colonialismand neo-colonialism. h'r the rlecade folloiving the Ban-dung Conference. earth-shaking changes have takenpiace on the African continent. One aftel another'. thebanner of national independence has risen. imperialismhas 'suffere.d

incleasinq defeats and the colonialist sys-tem is disintegrating rvith each pas,sing da1'.

But imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialismheadecl by the Lrnitecl States refuse to take this ly.ingdown. By political, economic, military and other means,they r,penly ol covertlv carry out control, interfer.ence,subt,ersion and aggression in an attempt to again enslavethe people of the ner,vly independent African countries.Carrying on their bloody polic;r of suppression. theyrelentlessly ride over those African people u,ho are stillunder colonialist domination-

20

Report on VisEt to Five Africon

LIU NING-I

The African people are an unbending people whofr'fuse to bow trr fot'ce. They have been car-ryiltg onheroic, indomitable and persevering stluggle ag.ainstaggre:ssion b;, in-rperialism, colonialism and neo-coionial-ism, and to u'ir-r al-rc1 safeguald nationai ir-rdependence.In order to 'rvipe out coloniajist influence ar.rd furtherr:id themselves of foreigir domination. Guinea, Ma1i, theRepi-ibl.ic of Central Africa. the Congo (B) and Ghanahave all made great efforts in replacing foreigners withAflicans in govei:r-rment offices and other spheres ofpublic life. A1l or nearly aIi government officials andofficcrs ir-r the armed forces of many African countriesare now Afr-icans.

The people of the nervly independent African coun_tries deeply sympathize with and vigorously supportthe naticnal-liber,aticn struggle of their African broth_ers lvho ar.e stil1 under colonial domination. The peo-p1e in the conntries rve visitecl regard the struggle andr.,ictories of the Congolese (Leopoldville) people as theirorvn. Inspired by hatred for the common enemy, theyhave provided the Congolese (L) people with variouskinds of aicl.

The slaughter of the Congolese (L) people by U.S.imperialism and its subversive acti.vities against thenew emerging countries have gradually brought thebroad masses of the African people to realize that U.S.in-rperi.alism is an international gendarme ancl the mostferocious enemy of the African people, and that the U.S.imperialists not only want to o.ccupy the Congo (L) but to

Peking Reuiew, No. 21

enmesh once again the whole of Africa in the web ofU.S. neo-colonialism.

From their own experience in the struggie, the Afri-can people have come to realize very clearly that factsdefinitely do not suppolt the assertion made by somepersons that colonialism has disappeared from theearth. Colonialism has not yet died; it is sti1l kickiirgon its deathbed. O1d colonialism is trying hard to re_store its former colonialist domination u.hile neo_colo-nialism, especially U.S. irrperialism, is using still morecunning tactics in franticaliy pushing its poiicies of ag-gres-.ion and war. Combating imperialism, colonialismand neo-colonialism remains the most pressing task ofthe African people.

Today the situation in Africa is an excellent one.The African people who were trampled underfoot byimperialism and colonialism for centuries are now filledwith a heroic spirit of daring to fight and daring to seizevictory; they are now fighting valiantly against im-perialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism. Africa is be-coming an arvakened, nrilitant, revolutionarl, andadvanced continent. The revolutionary strength of theAfrican peoptre is invincible. and they are determinedto be masters of their continent. Imperialism is doomed.lt can never hold back the advance of the wheel of his-tory.

II

The African peoples who have u'on independenceare well aware that political independence is insep-arable from economic independence. In order to con-solidate political independenee and achieve completenational liberation there must be economic indepen-dence. The people of the ne\ / €merging countries inAfrica are now energetically- taking various kinds ofmeasures to wipe out colonialist influence and toderrelop their national economies and national cultules.and they have achieved outstanding successes in thesefields. Everywhere we went we could see the Africanpeople diligently building neq, factories and plantations.The economic and technical personnel of the Africancountries are developing rapidl;;. Industrial and agricul-tural production has made new progress. A new releaseof life is evident everywhere. The dependent single-product economy rvhich the colonialists created for theAfrican countries is also beginning to develop in thedirectio,n of a diversifled economy. The Mali Govern-ment has nationalized the "Niger Office." a colonialistenterprise. Following this, not only has Mali registereda big increase in cotton output but for the first timehas succeeded in growing wheat and sugar cane on itssoil and building tea plantations. In the past fer,v yearsthe MaIi Government has taken many steps to developagriculture and stock-breeding. lMali now has achievedself-sufficiency in food grain and even has a surplus.In the past Ghana mainl.y produced cocoanuts, but ithas now made some progress in stock-breeding, growing

Ma17 21, 1965

vegetables and rice, and in rubber plantations. Beforeindependence, Guinea had to import such daily neces_sities as cigarettes and matches. Now the Gr_rinean peo_ple have established a plant for making cigar.ettes andmatches, which, besides suppl5.ing domesti,c needs, arealso sold to the foreign market. The 12_point programmeof action against speculation. smuggling and corrup.rionproclaimed by President Sekou Toure lasi November hashad a great significance in placing the nation.s economiciife on a sound basis and pr.on-roting economic derrelop_ment.

In the eourse of building up their countries, theAfrican people have gradually realized that they mustattach importance to relying on their orvn efforts andutilize their orvn resourees to develop their independentnational economies. Man;. African friends iold us ihatbuilding up one's countr;r by self-relianc.e is a preciousexperience derived by the African people out of thepractice in their own trl,ork of national constructiorr.

The African peopie have also achieved positiveresults in dwetoping their national cultures. In olrierto elin-rinate the colcnialist influence in the ideologicaland cultut'al fields. the Guinean Governrnent and peo-ple have ordered the bannir-rg of decadent Western songsand used various forms of literature and art to educatethe people on patr.iotisrr. We had the opportunity tosee a play call,ed Oasmon perfor.med by Guinean actors.Through the character Ousman, the play criticizes theerroneous ideas of certain intellectuais who put blindfaith in the West, and brings into focus the Guineanpeople's ardent love for their country, for labour andfor their hard-working spirit to make their countrystrong and prosperous. This play is highly praised bythe masses. and is an exhiiarating result of the Guineanpeople's development of their national culiure.

The African people are brave and industrious.Africa has fertile land and rich resource;s. We areconvinceC that by relying on their own efforts and lr,iththe support of friendly countries and people, the peoplein the new emerging countries in Africa are sure toovercome the various kinds of difficulties on the path ofadvance, and gain great victories in the struggle fornational construction. An advanced, strong, prosperousnew Afriea is sure to emerge in the world.

iltThe African people's profound love for Chairman

Mao Tse-tung rnade a deep and unforgettable impres-sion on us. Wherever we went we could hear the words"Mao Tse-tung," "Mao Tse-tung

- China" erupting fromthe crowds. Many African friends told us with warmfeeling that the writings of Chairman Mao Tse-tungenjoy great popularity among Africans, and they en-thusiastically talked with us about Chairman Mao'sworks and statements which they had read. ChairmanMao's statements and talks supporting the Africannational-liberation movement especially have received

21

warm appreciation and positive r€sponse froln theAfrican people. The great love of the African people

for Chairman l\{ao Tse-tung is a profountl reflectionof the thoughts and {eelings that the African people, whohave suffered eolonialist rule for a long time, hold incommon with the Chinese people.

Tl-re leacier.'s of these fiire Afi'ican cottntries and theAfrican people have the sincerest friendship for andconfidence in ilerv China and the Chinese people. Whenreceiving the delegaiion, President Sekou Toul'e ofGuinea said: "Facis harre ploved that ihe Chinese peo-ple are a reliable friend of the pecple of Guinea andal] other: African countries." President Modibo Keitaof It/Iaii expressed gleat satisfaction rvith the growth offliendly relations betrveen Mali anci China, and con-sidered that ''co-operati.on on both sides has entereda positive st,age." President David Dacko of the Repub-lic of Central Afrrca said that "among the friends of theRr,.pr-rblic of Centla] A{rica rve fii'st ciie the lrame of thcPeople's Republic of China." Plesi.dent AlpironseNlassamba-Debat of the Congo (B) said: "The imperialistsale engagLrlg in an anti-China cailpaign. bui r-rnder nocircu:nstances rviil the Congolese (B) people changetheir friendship torvards China. On the contrarr'. thisfriendship ivill coniinue to be strengthened and con-so1idat.ed." Pi'esider-rt Ku'ame Nkrumah of Ghana er-pi'essed the view that the success of the Chinese Ccirr-munist Pa.rt;- and the liberation of China 1'rave dsaltimperialism its biggest bro,.r'. Other leaders, peoplefr:om all vralks of life and ordinary citizens have sho.,vnthe same urarm and friendlv feelings tor..;rlds Lis. Dur-ing this r.isit s,e deeply felt that the African people re-gard the Chinese people as their rnost loyal and reliablecornrades-in-arms. No nlatter horv the imperialists,rnodern revisionists and reactionaries of all countriesrack their lrrains and no matter what trieks they playto break the rnilitant solidarity ancl ftiendship betweenthe Chinese and African peoples, their schemes cannev'er succeed.

The African people highiy appreciate China's {irrnstand in supporting thc national-liberation ntovernent.

its five principies in hanclling relations with the Africancountries and its eight principles on foreign economicand technicai aicl. Time ar.icl again they expressedthanks for our economic and techi'rical aid and pr:aisedthe r^,,ork of tI-le Chinese experts lr.or'king in their" cor-rn-tries. We repeatedly made it c1ear that a,ii has alrr,a:.'sbeen mutual, the heroic stltiggle of the African peopleagainst inrperialism. old alrd ne-iv coloniaiism and. theirachievements in construction ar:e a gleat suppcri andinspiration to t]'re Chinese people ir-r socialist rerrolutionand socialist constrttction. \,'y'e have ah'vays -regirr'ded

cur aid to the African countr-ies as our internalionalduty'. The aid we give to each other is absoiutelydifferent from the aid given by the imperialists and cei-tain counti'ies. r'r,hich aims at aggression and contr:ol. Itis aid bei,rveen pecple in the same boat; it is based ot-r

equality and mr-rtual benefit; it is plactical and reliableand is ccnducive to independent development.

The African people have the deepest concern for thecause of Afro-Asian solida,rity ag:rinst imperi;rlism" ManyAfrican friends told us that the LI.S. iinperialist aggres-sion against the Congo (L) is an aggression against tl:eu,hole of Africa and also against Asia. and that the LI.S.impe|iaiist aggi'ession against Viet Nar-r-r is an aggr'essionagainst the r,vhole ol Asia and also against Africa. U.S.in:perlalism is the most felccious common enem-:l cf theAflo-Asian pecpies and of people al1 over the rvor'ld.As Lcr-rg as the 2.C00 n-rltr1ion Asian and Africa.n peoplesand the people thrcr-rghout the u'orid further closeranks. and carry on persevering struggie. the3r rvi1l cer-1ain11'be able to drive the U.S, aggressors out of VietNam, tI-re Congo (L) and ail the p)aces the5, fiay" forcibl;roccupied.

Finaliy, i am 1:leased to repcrt to you ihat theparliaments of the five African countries have acceptedthe invitaticn of the Standing Committee of the Na-ticnal People's Ccngles-s to send delegations to China ona fi'iendlr' -risit at a time the;, deem appropriate. Wehappi.ly and eainestly expect the alrival of friendlyenvoys cf l"he people from the militant and revolutionaryAfl'ican c,:ntinent.

rarEil0rr 00-0PEnBTt0t

Albonion Olive Trees in Chinq

Tl-re 1,900 Albanian olive sapling:splanted a year ago in Flaikou StateAfforestation Farm neal Kunmingare doing r,vel1. Some of them haveadded on nea,rly lrvo metres in height.These saplings were part of the 10,000presented to China by the AlbanianGovernment iast year when Ilia Nako,Chief Engineer of the Departmentof Forestry of the Niinistry of Agri-culture, and Bedri Llimani, Albanianspecialist in olive cultivation, broughtthem to China and gave guidance in

22

cr-iltir.ating this fine strain of olirre.Premier Cl'rou En-lai atid the Alba-nian speciaiists pianted cne saplinga:s a iiving s;ri-r-rbol of the frienctshipbetr.r'een China and Albania.

Burms's Friendship Bridge

The l(unlong suspension bridge,the first permanent bricige to spanthe Salu'een - the longest riverflorving through Burma, ivill soonbe completed. It was begr-rn in Maylast year'.

Chinese engineers anci techl-iicianshelping orr tl-iis project have become

good friends rvith their Burmese co1-leagues ancl the people of Kunlongt;ho re fer to the 248-metre-1ongbridge as "tr'riendship Bridge."

Buffoloes for Oxen

Recentlrv nearly a hundred prlzebuffaloes u,,hich have a tvorking lifeof about 20 years arrived in China,sYunnan Province from Hagiang Pro-vilrce in Viei Nam. They r,r,ere inexchange for 200 carefully selectedoxen that had been sent to Hagiangearlier flcm the lVenshan Chuang-Miao Ar-rtonomous Chott in YunnanPlcvince.

Peking Reuzew, No. 21

Chino Supports ffiomimieffin People'sAmti - U.S. Struggle

by OUR COBRESPONDENT

rfIHE outi'ageous U.S. armed interven_-E- tion in rhe Dominican Repub)ic has

caused a lresh tide of anger all over theworld against U.S. imperialism. TheChinese people have denounceC thisiatest crime of the Johnson Admir-ristra-tion and piedged resoLute suppolt forthe Dominican patriots who have risenin arms to fight Yankee imperialism.

Orr the afternoon of May 72,100.000 pecple in Peking went to amas.s r'.aily at the huge V,/orker.ri' St.adiuinanC 1a1er demonstrated through the.streets. The great crc.nr,-.C includedu,olkels. ru.ra.l cotnniLrne rnei:rbcr',.. stu-d.ents. goverlimeitt employe,es, rnen ando{licers of the Liber-aticn Alinl' andarmed pr-opie's miiiLja. The ral1y wasattended by Liu Shao-chi, Chair.manof iire People's F.epr"r.b1ic of Clhii-r::Chairrn.an Chu 'ieh oi the StanriingCominittee of the National People'sCongress; Premier Chou En-.lai: T'engHsiaeping, General Secletary. of the Central Com-mittee of the Chine"-ce Cornmunist Par:t5r, alid man5,other leaders of the Party and state. With them r,l.eredipJ.omatic envoys and friends from the five continentsnorv visiting the Chinese capit;.il, inciuding expertswo,r:king in Peking.

"Fight U.S. lmperialism to the End I"

The rally cheered to the echo a speech by PengChen, Member of the Poiitical Bureau of the CentraiCommittee of the Chinese Cornmttnist Party and Mayorof Peking, who declareti that the Chinese people rveredetermined to carry through to the end the struggleaga.inst U.S. imperialist aggre'-ssion together rviti-r theDominican people and the people of the whole r,''oiId.Mayor Peng Chen paid tribute to the patriotic a.rmed

struggle now being waged by tl-re Dominican oeopleagainst the Yankees as marking a nelv upsurge of thenational-democratic movement in the Dominican Re-pubiic and of all Latin America. "The datintless spiritof the Dominican peop1e," he declared, "gi'eati;r' in-spires the other Latin American peoples in theit' na-tional-democratic revoluticnary struggle and the peopleof the .r,,hoie world it-r their figl-rt against U.S. iir.rpeiiai-ism."

Peking's Ma;rs1 described this laiest crirrre of theJohnson Adminisiration as another proof that "'the na-ture of U.S. imperialisrn t'i.11 nevei: change, ancl neither

illay 21, 1965

Peng Chen acldressing Peking rally

rvill its policies of aggression and war." He dret, ai:at'alie} belt.een the rvords and deeds of ihe JohnscnAdministration in its agglession against the DominicanRepublic and llazr Germany's aggression and rvat car-lieci crub under the pr.'el'ext oI opposii-rg commnnisirl."The Johnson doctrine is a refurbished version of Hit-lerism; it is U.S. fascism, lt,hich is i:iore reactionarythan Hitierism." Peng Cllen r,,,arned that the nev ap-peasement policy fo,llos.ed by 'uhe modern revisionists,rvho rvant to co-operaie with iire Johnson A,Crninistra-tion instead of rr,aging a tit-for-tat struggle against it,r'vould only whet the appetite of the U.S. gangsters foraggression. The people r:f the ii,-hole world are op-pcsed to such a policy.

Expressing confidence that the Dominican peoplervoulcl be victorious, he declared that the "goocl olddays'' of U.S. irnperialism were gone for ever and itsaitempi to re-conqner the Dorainican Repubiic as it did50 years ago '*oli1d never succeecl.

The laily l...as also addressed by Manuel Ree.d. rep-resentative of the Naf ional Union of Students ofHaiti; Nguyen nlinh Phuoiig. Acting Head of ihe Per-manent Delegation of the South Viet Nam NationalLiberation Front to China; aird R.I{. Ivftvanjisi, Memberof the Centrai Commiltee oi the Tanganyika AfricanNational Uirion.

The raiiy ad-opted by accla:nation a message of sup-port for the p:rtriotic Dominican soldiers and people in

toLJ

their steadfast anti-U.S. struggle. The message also

fully endorsed Chairman Mao Tse-tung's May 12 State-ment suppolting the Dominican people's struggieagaiirst U.S. almed aggression (see Peking Reuieu,1965, No. 20) and the Chinese Government Statementof May 3 opposing U.S. armed aggression against theDominican Republic (see P.R., 1965, No. 19).

The rally concluded '*'ith cheers for the Dominicanpeople. Pouring out of the stadium, massed coiumnsof demonstrators paraded the streets lvith banners andflags flying.

The following day, stirred by Chairman Mao'swords, another 300,000 citizens of the capital demon-strated or held meetings. From early morning to dusk,revolutionary song,s and slogans demanding that U.S.imperialism quit the Dominican Republic drou'ned thenoises of the main streets as the demonstrators con-

For Your Reference

U.S. Plunder of the DominicanRepublic

rnHE armed. forces of the United States ha..'e been used,t for more than half a century to back up American

plunder of the Dominican Republic. Control of theRepublic's ec.oncmy by armed intervention and militaryoccnpation dates back to the beginning of the century.In 1904, voracious U.S. imperialism, bent on grabbingcolonies, sent warships into the Republic's terlitorial'"r.aters. The follorving year it forced the country toaccept U.S. supen,ision of cttstoms and the collectionof customs duties.

In 1916 U.S. troops invaded the Dominican Republicand eight years of occupation enforced by or-rtrightrnilitary rule by the marines followed. For the next40-odd years the marines, rratchdogs for Americancapital and the big stick use.d to suppress the Dominicanpeople's resist.ance, served as Washington's strongarmfor controlling the Republic.

After forcing open the portals of the DominicanRepublic, American capital poured in as monopollstsseized mineral resources and large tracts of land andexploited cheap sources of labour. According to officialU.S. figures, in 1962 direct American investments inthis land of 3 million people reached U.S.$108 million.But more realistic figures given by the Dominicanauthorities in 1961 showed that U.S. investmentsalready amounted to U.5.$250 million.

The penetration o,f Yankee capital into the Domini-can Republic's finances, foreign trade, sugar industry,mining and o,bher vital spheres of the e,conomy gave theUnited States control over the nation's economic life,In order to facilitate the entry of U.S. private capital,in 1962, Washington forced" the reactionary pro-U.S. re-gime in the Dominican Republic to sign an agreements,afeguarding U.S. capital.

24

verge.d on the heart of the city, Tien An Men Scluare.

There 30 groups of arti.sts performed skits caricaturingU.S. imperialism. Among the demonstrators werefriends from Latin America, Asia and Africa lvho are

either u'orking or stud;'ing in Peking. Leading mem-bers of the Nati.onal Ccmmittee of the Chinese People'sPolitical Consultative Conference and of the variousdemocratic parties and people's organizations were inthe ciemonstration. They spoke u'ith one voice: "Salutethe heroic Dominican people!" "People of the r,l'orld,

unite! Down rvith U.S. imperiaiism!"A powerful lvave of demonstrations has srvept

across the land from Shenyang in the northeast to Lhasa

in the southlvest and from Urumchi in the northwestto Cantcn in t1-re southeast. More than three milli'onpeople have already demonstrated in stipport of theDominican people's heroic fight against U'S. aggressio'n.

To control Dominican finances. the Morgan bankinginterests .set up a branch of the First National City Bankof New York. h-r aCCition, American capital gaine'd

control of most oI the country's import-export tra'de as

rve11 as 60 per cent of the pr:ocessing industries.The Dominican Republic rvas turned into a pro'ducer

of raw materials rt ith sugar as the main product. Sugarmakes up 60 per cent of the total value of exports,and more than four-fifths of the sugar industry is inAmerican hands: the South Puerto Rico Sugar Com-pany and another U.S. company. In the Dominican Re-public the fcm-rer holis 120.000 acres of sugar-canefields, 110.000 acres of pasture rvith choice livestockand 45.000 reserve acres. It also has a private rail-road system, a dcck and a bulk sugar loading stationto lacilitate the exp,ort of sr-rgar. In 1964 alone thisone Amelican company, which deals mainly in sugarin the Dominican Repubiic and Puerto Rico, earnedU.S.$8.1 million.

In 1959 the Niellcn financiai group's Aluminum Com-p,any of America branch in the Dominican Repubiic -the Alcoa Explcration Company

- began plundering

Dominican bauxite resources, and in 1963 robbed theRepublic of 852,000 tons of bauxite. According to figuresreleased b;r the Aluminum Company of America, it hasinvested U.S.$176 million in the Caribbean region andin 1962*63 made a profit of U.S.$155 mil1ion.

The notorious United Fruit Company, commonlyknown in Latin America as the "Green Devil," holdsL2,350 acres of ban.ana plantations in the Dominican Re-public. Fcr further economic penetration, United Fruitrecently signed an agreement with the Republic tobuild ils orvn railways and ports.

Among the many American-controlled enterprises,even the beer industry has not escaped.

The Dominican Republic has served as the happyhunting-ground for U.S. super-profits from the exploita-tion of cheap labour. Worker"s in the sugar industryget a meagre U.S.$1.30 for a 12-hour day. Still morepitiful is the lot of the agricultural worker who receivesonly 30 to 40 cents daily.

Peking Reuieu, No. 21

The "Unity" Advocoted bv ModernRevisionists Meqns

Follou:ing are ertracts from a March 24 statementissued by tlte Political Cotnmittee o! the ContmunistPartg of New Zealand. Boldface emphases a,re ours.

- Ed.

TrUf nroves of the leadership of the C.p.S.U. to compelr the rvor'Id Parties to embrace a revisionjst line has

met with another setback." says the Political Committeeof the Contmunist Partv of Nerv Zealand in its March24 statement on the schismatic March meeting inMoscow-

The main conclusions r.r,hich the political Com-uittee of the Comn,unist Palty of New Zealand arliveclat from the l\.Ioscow meeting convened by the leader.-ship of the C.P.S.U. were:

"1. By attempting to foist this improper meetingupon the world communist movement the organizershave continued to do harm to the cause of comrnunismand the rvorld's working class.

"2. The communique is an attenlpt, under coverof soft words and Marxist-Leninist phrases, to createfurther disunity in the u'orld movement.

"3. It makes clear that the leaders of the C.P.S.U.(and their supporters in other places) persist in theirrevisionist ideas and are determined to impose themupon the world movernent.

"4. The practical effect of the rrreeting is toencourage imperialism to continue its rvar of destruc-tion in Viet Nam, threaten China rvith attacks anrlintensify its ruthless suppression of national-liberationstruggle.

"5. That the world comn:unist movement muststand firm on the ground that arr attack on any onesocialist country is an attack on all socialist countriesand rnust be rnet by their combined might. The vitaltash of the C.P.N.Z. is to strive to rvin the u'orkingclass to lead the struggle to stop the U.S. war againstsocialist Viet Nam and to force the s'ithdrarval of Il.S.troops froni south Viet Nam.

"6. That the struggle against revisionism (op-portunism) within the world Parties is the road to therevolutionary unity of the movenrent-the necessarycondition for new vietories for socialisrn and the de-feat of imperialism with its continuous threat of war."

"From the time ihe leadership of the C.P.N.Z. firstbecame aware of the world ideoiogical dispute, it hasalways been in favour of the holding of an interna-tional meeting of the world Parties

- provided such a

May 21, 7965

I nternotional Communist Movemen*

Split

meeting was held with the cbject of reaching ideo-logical unity and not u'ith the object of forcing anorganizational split. That is why it has alr,l,ays insistedthat such a meeting be preceded by bilateral discussionbetween the Parties int'olved in differences.,,

The statement notes "the determination of theorganizers to atroid the proper preparation as laid dora,nin thc. B1 Parties' Statement. The necessity for bilateraltalks bettr-een Parties on a free ar-rd equal basis is onceagain spurned and with it any serious attempt toestablish a real Marxist-Leninist foundation for build-ing rvor'1d ccmrnunist unit1,,.,,

"Conseqr-rent1r, it is necessaty to see tl-rat the planoutlir:ed in the conrnrunique to convene a meeting otthe 81 Parties to consider rvhether an internationalconference should be held is rnerely a new revisionisttrick to achier.e their anti-Marxist-Leninist objectivesunder the pretence of .overcoming the differences andstrengthening the solidarity of th,e lvorld communistrnot'ement.'"

Refelring to the utter failure oI the schismaticMosccu' n:reetiug. 'the statement says that the meetinghad been changed from one which $,as to organize andprepare a n-reeting of u,orld parties in 1g65, to a down_gradecl "consultatir,e rDeeting.,' This was a setbackfor the revisionist leaders of the C.P.S.U., the organi_zers of the meeting.

"A second b1ot. u'as that the meeting itself w,asforced to recognize that it could not prepare and pro-ceed to convene a conference of 'world parties. But itis equalli' clear fi'om the communique that the organi-zers have not given up their hopes of imposing theirrevisionist ideas on the world movement.

"The third and most telling biow to the organizersof the Moscorv n-reetir-rg u,as struck by world events.

"American bombs ',,vele raining dor,vn on socialistsoil as the representatives of the 19 Parties sat clcrvnin lVlcscou; to sohre the problerns of the worlcl com-munist motzement. In the communique of the meet-ing it [Viet Nam] is dismissed in a single sentence.

"True. they also issued what is described as a callfor 'worldu,ide public action to support the people ofViet Nam.' But it cannot by any means be described asa clarion cal1. There were representatives of some eightsocialist countries present at the meeting, but there wasnot a single reference to the fact that acts of war againstone socialist country are acts of war against them all.The statement failed to recold what has been rea.dily

forthcoming on other occa-sions, i'e., that the might of

the rn,hole sociaiist camp u'i1l be used to defend the so-

cialist rule sacred to the rvorld's working class -wherever it may be.

"To the imperialists the 19 Parties' statem'ent wouldcome as a welcome reassutance that the Khrushchovline still prevailed in the Soviet leadership and amongtheir supporters in the leadership of other CommunistParties.

"The hollolv'ring of the communique, despite iiberaluse of Marxist-Leninist phraseo1og5,. *o.,1d go far toconvince the U.S. Government that for the tlme beingat least, an empty barrage of words r,l,a,s the onlyobstacle their bombers lvere likely to meet from thequarters that might otherrvise havt' ended their mis-sions of death.

"Frcm Cuba to liiet Natn. and iir the interim, therl.,orking class has br:r:n faced with the manoel,.r,r'ing oIthe revisior-iists in tire i--adelship of the C.P.S.U. Man5'u.ere tempclarily taken in. The capitulation involvedin the pa.r'tial test ban treaty rvas belie';ed bf mauy tobe a big step towar"cl,j the eliminatj.on of the threat ofnuclear u'ar'. Daily too, the phone"v* theories on rvar andpeace, peaceful transition and peacefr-r1 ccexisterlce rvitl-r

the 'reasonable imperiaiists' are beit-rg exploded by life.

"The actions of I{hrushchov and his colleagues

torvarcis Albania; the embracing of ti.ie revisionist Tito(',vhose role as a servant of imperialism has becomemore thorcughly exposed); the arming of Iudia againstsocialist China: the disluptioir of the tlade union, peace,

)'outh anC women's ccngresses; the attempt to break upthe Tokyo conference on A- aircl li-bombs: the interfer:-ence through dipiomatic chanr,els in the internal affairsof Ccmnrlinist Palties and the enccLll'agement of localrevisionists to spiit Parties adheling to Nlarxist-Leninist plinciples

- the significance of all these things

has become much mole ',-"ideiy known and unclels'rcocl.l\{ore and more r.vorkers a1'e becoming clear that revi.-sionism does not serve their class but the enemies ofttre working class. As a consequence the Marxist-Leninist parties throughor,rt the lvorld are gaining inprestige and support. Ttris is sholvn by the resouncling

defeat of the revisionist Communist Party in Keralawhich was supported by the Soviet leadersirip."

The communique of the meeting was "a completenegation of Marxism-Leninism. It i.s not the worid out-look of dialectical n-raterialism. There is nothingdialectical or materialist abcut it. It is idealism pureand simple."

"The line of the revisionists on 'unity' leads to theliquidation of the Commtinist Parties. It tl'ansfortnsthem from re'u,olutionary parties of the proletariat intolabour parties, social democratic parties. reformist par-

ties. Horv rvell this vrould serve imperiaiism.

''The 'unity' the revisionists advccate is not the

revolutionary trnity of the rvorklng class ri'hich means

death to irnperialism and colonialism. It is not the unityof the rvcrld rvoi'king class and pi'oglessive forces thatleads to decisive action against Lmperialist aggressionand ti'ar'. It is a 'urliii-' that enforces inaction or sabo-

ta-ges revoh-tticnar';- a,ction lvherevel it alises. It is a

'unity' which disarms the rvorking class, a 'lrnit5" ir,u'hicir NTaxism-Leninism is to be submerged beneaihrevisionist ideas which aim at the adaptation of theu,orking class and its Ccmmunist Parties to the ideology,economics and politics of capitalisn-r.

"Bevisionist 'unity' is disunity. It stifles united ac-tion b;,' the u,orking class. It gives the green-light toimpelialisni to extend its miiitary attacks on sociali.smand the national-liberation motreittent and reduce theworking-ciass movement in the capitalist countries toimpotency-. Revisionist 'unity' is capitulation to impe-rialism. Again and again life is demonstrating thistruth.

"We can confider-rtl1, say that in the end the de-signs of the revisionist leadels are doomed to failure.The scientilic larvs of social development ensure this.The worldwide demonsti'atior-rs and actions of the work-ing class ancl progressive forces ale providing abunciantel,idence. The false revislonist theories of peacefultransition to socialism, peaceful coexistence by comingto agleement with 'r'easonable imperialists' are beingtested in practice and found ri'anting. The victory ofMarxism-Leninism is inevitable."

INC. P. 5. U. Lesders FersistKhrushchoY's [-ine

HE Ce,ntial Committee of the Communist Party ofAustralia (Marxist-Leninist) is of the unanirnous

opinion that by persisting in their meeting of March 1,

1965 the leaders of the Communist Party of the SovietUnion have cle,a,r'ly branded themsehzes as oppr:nents ofMarxism-Leninism an'd are determined to split the in-ternationai commnnist movement in the interests ofU.S. imperialism."

26

This statement on the schismatic March meeting inMosco.v t as issued by E.F. HiI1. Chairman of the Com-munist Party of Australia (lU-L). It was published inthe April 23 is;sue of the Australian Vanguard (Vo1. 2,

No. 23).

The st,atement went on .to say that their predeces-sor Khrushchov had- throrvn overboard the revolu-tionary principles of the 1957 Moscotv Declaration and

Peking Reuie.**, No. 2L

thc- 1960 B1 Par'1ies' Statetrtent and tJrat K-l.n,u.shchovhaC trampled upc,n the principles set forth i.n thcse tr,vo'Cocuments to go.vern the r.elalions betuieen Comr"aunistParties,

"The leaders of the C.P.S.U. have directly persistediir Khrushchov's line. Desplte the opposition of Mar-x-ist-Leninists to participation in I(hrusl.rchov's meetingthe leadels of the C.P.S.U. insisted upon holcling therneeting.

"Brave u,ords cannot conceal the divisions thathave arisen nor the honest bet'ilderment of many oftheir follort'er's."

Referring to the Australian revisionist group'st.oeing of the line of the leaders of the C.p.S.U., thestatement said: "More and rnore Australian people seethese tr,vists and turns as real service to U.S. imperial-ism. Under the slogan of unit;r with the Right-ivingA.L.P. leaders. the leaders of the Australian revisionistgr-oup set've U.S. imperialism.

"The re,al interests and aspil.ations of more than90 per cent of Austlalian people are utter15, opposed tothis line. Thus the rvorld isolation of U.S. imper.ialismis shared by a1l its suppcrter'-s. incluiing tl-re modernrevisionists. u-hatevel words these supporter-s may use.

"A11 this is thron-n into cleal relief by the situationin Viet Nam. The U.S. imperialists are desperatelystriving to find a basis for so-calied negotiation,s. Thiscry is t,aken up by the leaders of the Australiar-r Labcur

Part"r.: anC by the leadels of the revisicnist gr.oup. Thusin the te:ting ground, in the practice of the struggle ofthe Vietnamese people, the unit;, of U.S. rnap...ria1ism,'uvorlC rr.r,i.sicnisn'r. Right-tling social demccr:rcir sn jthe Australian revisiol-rist grcup is clear for all to see.

"Malxist-Leninists, therefo::e, drarv attention to thedeeds anC practice of revisionism headed by the pres-ent leadels of the C.P.S.U. and follor,l,ed slavishly bythe Australian rerrisionist group.

"Their deeds speak far louder than their words.The results of the 'deliberations' of the motley collec-tion who gathered in Moscou' on March 1 are quiteclear now; sorne rvords against U.S. imperialism butreal support for it.

"Australian Marxist-Leninists call upon the Austra-iian l,orking class. u'orking people and all Australianpatriots to carr,, the struggle against imperialism to thevery end.

"Therefore. no one shouid b,e deceived by thewords of the leaders of the C.P.S.U. nor their 1oca1 fol-lou-ers. nor the rvotds of the Mosco'ul- Communique.

"The Central Commitlee of the Communist Partvof Australia (M-L) is completeil, confident that in con-demni:.rg the splitting activities of the revisionists itis acting in tire leal intelests of the r-,r,ci",r,helming ma-jority of Australian people."

(Bold.face entphases ere oul s. - Ed.)

u'arrar-iied attacks at the Aibanian Party of Labour andthe Comrrr-rni:st Pai't1, of China should. together t iththe leadei'ship of the C.P.S.LT.. explicitiy acknowledgeth--il lesponsibility for the attacks. thereby creating anatmosphele which u,ou.ld meke the necess,ary bilateralielks pcssibie.

The article appeals to the Communist and Workers,Parties to act promptl;, and rvage a concerted struggleagainst the U.S. imperialist aggressioir in Viet Nam,support the Vietnamese people's just struggle. demand.immediate withdrarval of U.S. armed forces from VietNam and make concerted efforts in the internationaldemocratic movement for the purpose of opposing U.S.imperi,alism

Concerning preparations for an international meet-ing to "$.ork out cornmon vieu,s through consultationsand eo-ordinate joint actions in the struggle for commongoa1s," the article says that steps should be taken toensure adequate and necessary consultations in accor-

dar-rce rvlth the principles govel'ning the relations be-tlveen ftaternal Parties as la.id dorvn in the MoscowDeclarar;icn and Moscow Statement.

True Fsce of C. P.S. U" Lesdership Exposed

Follau:ing is a suntmarg of an artir:le piLblisltedbg "AkcLhata," organ at the Cei"ttral, Committee of theJapanese Communisi Partg, on A'pril 73 under the title"A Comntentary on the L4arch 7 Meeting Conuened bythe C.P.S.tl . Lectd.ersitip Lru Moscotu." Bol.dJace empha-ses dre outs. -

Ed.

,4KAHATA expcses the fact tirat the C.P.S.U. leader-ZJ- 561p, ri'hiIe lepeat'edly paying Iip -service to the

''solidarit-v and cohesion" of the commutnist movetnent,is following a path of splitti"srn by cailing a factionaland schismatic nieeting.

The articie cleclares in conclusion that. in orderto solve the question of solidarity of the internalionalcommunist movement, the leadersl-rip of the C.P.S.U.

must: (1) Strrp carr;ring or-rt the plan for conveniug aschi.smatic "i.r-rternational cor,fereuce," and (2) Admitthe erro,rs it has committed in arrogantly and uniusti-fiably attacking the Communist Part;r 6f Japan andother fraternal Pai:ties, and jn,meCiately cease disrup-tive activities against the C.P.J. anC overbearing inter-ference in the affairs of other fraternal Parties. Theother parties which levelled unscrupulous and un-

LIay 21, 1965 27

The article is diviieC into five parls: (1) lVhitherthe "Drafting Committee Meeting" plotted by the iead-ership of the C.P.S.U. with N.S. Khrushchov at its head?(2) What is the fundamental nature of the March 1

meeting convened by the leadership of the C.P.S.U.?(3) On the proposal for a "preliminary ccnsultativeconference of representatives of the 81 Parties"; (4)Public po.iemics and the question of interference in theinternal affairs of other Parties; (5) Genuine solid-arity of the international communist movement and itsprerssing tasks.

Akahatq analyses the fundamental character of theMarch Mcscow me.eting engineered b5z the leadershipof the C.P.S.U. The meeting. it points out, was i1lega1both in procedure and ccntent an'd was detrimental tothe solidarity of the internation.al communi-st tnotrentent."No amount of fine r,vcrds can hide the fact that th,erneeting was attended by oniy a number of Parties calleCtogether by the leadership of the C.P.S.U. in a blatantand unprincipled manner by il1egal1.v and Lr-n\\.arrantedlyusurping the right to call the meeting. The meetingsirnply aimed at perpetuating the split in a disguisedmanner. In this sense, it brought to the surface thesplit in the international communist rnovement and wassectarian and schismatic in character. Of course. u'eare not putting all the otl-rer Parties represented in theconference on a par with the leadership of the C P.S.U.. . . It is the unshirkable, bounden dutl' of the tluil'Marxist-Leninist palties to point out publicly and un-equivocally the sectarian nature of the meeting."

Khrushchorr's dot,nfa1l malkecl tl-re political bank-ruptcy of the revirsionist, big-nation chauvinist andschismatic iine of the international trend of modernrevisionism. The failure of the "Drafting ComrnitteeMeeting" [the March Moscow meeting] engineered bythe leadership of the C.P,S.U, represented another bank-ruptcy for the international trend of modern revision-ism, in particular, bankruptcy for its big-nation chau-vinist organizational Iine.

The article exposes the true nature of the statementon Viet Nam i;ssued b;, the March Moscon, meeting andof the tactic to put reluctant emphasis on the anti-imperialist struggle in the communique. "This showsthat in face of the war of aggression a6lainst Viet Nam,which has reler:.tlessly exposed the ferocious, aggressivenature of U.S. imperialism. the leadership of the C.P.S.U.can no longer repeat its irresponsible talk to prettifyU.S. imperialism as it did before. It had to write inhere and there certain incoherent phrases about theimportance of the task of striving for concerted actionat the present time.

"The policy pursued by the leadership of theC.P.S.U. of unprincipled compromise with U.S. impe-rialism has enabled the latter to make use of the disunityin the world communist movement and has encouragedit to arrogantly engage in war and aggression. trncarrying out its criminal war of aggression in Viet Nam,U.S. imperialism places its hopes on the revisionists'policy of unprincipled'U.S.-U.S.S.E. co-operation.'

28

"If the leadership of the C.P.S.U. really hcpedto strengthen 'concerted action' in the struggle againsbimperialism, U.S. imperialism in particular, as \vas statedin the communique [of the March Moscorv meering], itshould not have called such a schismatic meeting asthe one '"r,hich opened on March 1 at a time rvhen therewas a grave situation in rvhich U.S. imperialism becamemcre and more unbridled iir extending its vu'ar of ag-gression. The day after the meeting opened. U.S. im-pelialism, after an interval of 20 da;.,-s. reneu,ed massivebombing of the ierritory of the Democratic Republicof Viet Nam. This, lve consider, is not accidental. Itis obvior:s that the very act of calling the 'consulta-tive meeting,' aimed at bringing the sptit into the openand perpetuating it, had the effect of encouraging U.S.imperialisnr.''

Refer"ring to the question of calling a halt to openpolemics raised in the comntunique. the article pointsot-tt that the C.P.S.U. leaders ''plovoked open polemicsancl iegalized them li,i-ren they considered that this rvasadvantageous to themselves. but lvhen the situationbecame unfavourable to them they declared that openpolemics should be stopped, This is an attitude of big-po\.\ret' char:r'inism plrr.e anc'l sirr-rple and not one whichCommunistrs should adopt."

It u'as the C.P.S.U. leaders rvho first pror,,oked thecpen polen-rics and who should be held fu11y responsi-ble. the article declared. It is absolutely unfair to callfor the cessation of open polemics before the C.p.S.U.leaders have repented. The Japanese Communist partyresel'ves the right to make lefutations so long as theFrench Communist Party and other fraternal parties,t.hich have made slanderous attacks by name againstthe Japanese Commut-rist Party, have not openly admit-ted their mistakes.

Whiie continuing their flagrant sabotage ancl inter_vention against the Japanese Communist party, theC.P.S.U. leaders have pubiicly stated that the internalaffair,s of other. Parties should not be interfered with.This is certainly a far cry from the attitude of makingu-oids accord ."vith deeds. which Con-rmunists shouldadopt. The article cites a mass of facts to show thatafter Khrushchov's ciownfall the C.p.S.U. leadershiphas continued to intet'vene and unclermine the JapaneseCommunist Party b5r the most vicious means. It openlysr-rpports Yoshio Shiga and other anti_party elernentsexpelied b1. the Japanese Communist party and praisesthe anti-Party organization rvhicl-r it has knocked to-gether. In the recent Japanese Upper House electioncampaign. it has helped these anti-part;z elements intheir sabotage activities against the Japane,se ConrmunistParty. The Soviet press has also carried articles open-iy supporting renegades of the Japanese CommtrnistParty and heaping intolerable slanders on the C.p.J.The C.P.S.U. Central Committee has also unjustifiablydismissed a member of the Japanese Communist partyworking in Radio Moscow on the ground that he refusedto broadcast an article of the C.P.S.U. attacking theJapanese Comn-runist Par.ty and even expelled him fromthe Soviet Union. The C.P.S.U. leadership has also

Peking Reuieu,, No. 21

carriecl out unreasonable interfel'ence and conspiratorialactivities against the movement for the banning ofatomic and hydrogen bombs and against other demo-cratic movements in Japan.

"This is not simply a question between our partyand the Communist Party of the Soviet llnion.,, At atime r,,,,hen U.S. imperialism is ferocioursly committingaggression in Viet Nam and working hand in glovewith Japanese monopoly capital in a desperate attempt

Focfs on File

to undermine the anti-imperialist struggle in Japan, apowerful U.S. stronghold, and to weaken the JapaneseCommunist Party, the C.P.S.U. leaders use every porssi_ble means to make trouble lor rhe C.p..l. ana inter_ferein its internal affairs, overtly or covertly, and in a mostillegal manner. The article declared: ,,It is cr;,sf;1|clear that, in the final analysis, what they are doinghelps U.S. imperialism to push forward its policies ofwar and aggressicn."

Viet Nom Question: The Whys ond WhereforesFollouing is a factual surueg of the Viet Nam

question, the first instalment of uhich appeared in theIast issue of "Peking Reoieu." - Ed.

Division of a l{ationThe Geneva agreements unequivocally provide that

"the military demarcation 1lne ls provisional andshould not in any \yay be intelpreted as constitutinga poiitical or territorial boundary," and that nationwidefree general elections should be held in Jul;, 1956 tobring about the reunification of Viet Nam (Fina1 Dec-laration of the Geneva Conference).

Ngo Dinh Diem, who ordered flags to be flownat half-mast to "mourn" the signing of the Genevaagreements, flatly rejected a1l proposals from theDemocratic Republic o,f Viet Nam to prepare for gen-erai elections. In this the U.S. aided and abetted him.And the reason was not far to seek. Eisenhos-er. inhis memoirs Mandate Jor Change, rvrote:

I have never talked or corresponded rvith a

person knowledgeable in Indo-Chinese affairs whodid not agree that had elections been held pos-sibly B0 per cent of the population would have votedfor Ho Chi Minh.

On July 16 and August 9, 1955, the Diem regimeopenly declared that it "could not be bound" by theGeneva agreements and refused to attend a north-south consultative conference to prepare for the 1956

nationwide general elections. It then proceeded toproclaim the bogus "Republic of Viet Nam" (October26, 1955). organized by force and fraud a separatist"election of the National Assembly" (March 4, 1956),and made that "Assembly" adopt a "constitution" (Julv2, 1956)

- a series of moves designed to deepen andformalize the division of the country.

Thu;s, the Ben Hai River in the vicinity of the 17thParallel, which had been chosen earlier as the provi-sional military demarcation Iine in accordance withthe Geneva agreements, became an artificial barrier, andthe nation was torn in two.

Mag 21, 1965

Ntany families were separated. Even personal mailcannot go through. The national market rvas parti-tioned and traditional trade channeis blocked. A match-box or a packet of cigarettcs made in Hanoi found ina south Vietnanese pocket suddeniy turned into a ,'sub-

versive" object and its owner. u.as liable to decapita-tion.

In the follorving years, the Democratic Republicof Viet Nam made man-v propLrsals to normalize north-south relations and create favourable conditions fornational reunification. But the United States and itspuppets paid no heed and rvere bent on perpetuatingthe division.

This state of affairs grieves all Vietnamese people.They cannot accept it. As the South Viet Nam Nation-al Front for Liberation said in its well-knorvn March22, 1965 statement:

Viet Nam is one, the Vietnamese people are one.North and south Viet Nam are of the same family.This sentiment is higher than mountains and deeperthan the sea. This truth is like the sun rising in theeast and cannot be shaken by any force whatsoever.

Brasshats and G.l.'s Move lnWith effect from the date of entry into force of

the present Agleement, the introduction into Viet Namof any troop reinforcements and additi^na1 milltarypelsonnel is prohibited .

So read the Geneva agreements (Article 16, agree-ment on the cessation of hostilities in Viet Nam).

A partial listing of Washington's breaches of thisprovision leads:

1954 200 American military personnel stationed insouth Viet Nam as members of a "Military Aidand Advisory Group."

1961 Number increased to 3,500. "NI.A.A.G." hadmany sections including operations, psychologi-cal warfare and intelligence. American pel'son-

nel instaiied at all 1evels frotn Diem's "DefenceMinistrl"' down to miiitary sectors and units.

1962 Number increased to 11.000. On Februaly 8, a

"Military Aid Command" forn-ra1i;,, established inSaigon unCer General Paul D. Harkins (re-piaced by General William C. Westmoreland inL9G4).

19S5 (up to Ma1, g1 Number of U.S. troops rose to50.000, including 5,000 officers. Moie and morerrrarines and paratroops ianded. Two thousandsouth Kor'ean puppet troops arrir.ed. An "Inter-national Military Assistance Off ice'' set up inApril for collecting cannon-fodder. Mercenaf iesfrom Taiu.an, the Philippines, Austraiia, Malaya,and other places brought in.

**::With effect from the date of entry into force of

the plesent Agreement, the introduction into VietNam of any reirfo|cements in the fo|n-i of al1 tvpesol altns, munitions ar-rd other \\'ar materials, sr:ch as

combat aircraft, naval craft, pieces of ordnance. jetengines and jet weapons and a|rnou|ed Vehicles, isprohibitecl

This is what the Gencva agreement.s call for' (-{r-ticle 17, agreement on the cessation of hostilities inViet Nam). On tl-ris score here is part of the Americanrecord:

Major items of An'rel'ican 1\'ar materiais introciuced into-"oulh Viet Nam up to March 1965:

2,000 aircraft. in<'Iuding B-57 strategicbombers, various types of jets and U-2 spyplanes'

Over 800 naral craft

Hunclrecls of tanks and armourecl vehicles

Huge quaniities of arrns and war equiprnent, irrclud-ing missiles'

* *

With effect from the date of entrv into lorce ofthe present Ag|eement. no military base un..1er' 1l:e

control of a foreign state may be established in thereg|ouping zone of either party; ihe t\yo par'1ies shallensu|e that the zcnes assigned to them do not adheleto any military alliance and are not used fol the re-srrmption of hostilities or to further an agglessivepolicy.

So stipulate the Geneva agleements (Articie 1g,agreement on the cessation of hostilities in Viet Nam).

But the U.S. has honeycombed south Viet Namu,ith 169 airfields (compared u.ith 6 in 1954), 11 moCernmilitary harbours and a network of strategic highrvays.

As for military al1iance, the SEATO bloc riggedup by the United States on September B, J.gS4 in Manilaopenly "designated" south Viet Nam as pa1,t of the areaunder its "protective umbrella.', In subsequent ;;ears. theSaigon quisling regime has repeatedly sent ,,observers,,

to SEATO meetings and its armed for.ces hat,e takenpart in SEATO war games.

30

With this record of systernatic violation of theGeneva agreements by himseif and his predecessorsbehind him, Lyndon Johnson reached a ne'rv 1ow inperfidy u'her-r he said on March 25, 1965 that the UnitedStates sought "no more than a retltrn to the essentiaisof the agreements of 1954."

The Dollar PlagueIn the peliod of 1950-54 the LTniled States spent

2 600 million doliar-s in Viet Nan-i to "aid" the Fr'enchcclonlalists. This was followed by more money to "aid"the puppet Saigon regime. The approximate total is:

1954-60 2.000 millior-i dollals

1961-64 2,400 million doilars

More than B0 per cent of the 1954-64 sum was directn.rilitar5, expenditures. The 1964 rate of spending wasnearll' tu'o millicn dollars a day.

\4rho pays the piper ca11s the tune. The French pa-per Le Niottde n-rade an interesting revelation as farback as ,Ianr-rar"'- 4. 7957: ''When General O'Daniei [chiefoI the American "Military Aid ancl Advisory Group"]rr"'as presiding over the training of the Vietnamese army,it scmelin-les happened that he thumped the table,ehouling 'rt'ho pa1's?' in order to force his vieu,s ondoubting ailies. The \rietnamese asked for a break ii-r

the sitting to confer together, then came back to an-nounce their acceptance."

Wrth this "aid," the United States has greatly ex-panded the south Vietnamese puppet artrry to its presentstrength of 600.000 men. These include t'egular. regionaland militia troops

- all equ.ipped. financed. trained and

thus ccrnpletely s6n1..11ed b;. the United States. Itshould be pointed out that the third category is not"militia" in the proper sense of the word, but a regular',American-paid branch of the puppet army.

In the steadily dwindling areas under U.S. and pu.p-pei ccnti'c'ri, 600.000 men under E,rms ale obr.iously anever gleatL-f drain on nrallpc\\-er and the economy. Thesouth Vietnamese tax-payers harre to foot a hg61zy bill

14.050

for the army anclthe war. Fronr.the accompanvingchart it can beseen that militalyspending (whichaccounts for overB0 per cent of theSaigon ri:gime'sbudgetary expen-ditures) is fargreater than theamount of U.S."ai'd."

As a result,the south Vieina-mese tax-payers,

Peking Reuieu,, No, 21

7,5587 qoR =-l*

!96r I 963

burden increased from10,200 miilion piastresfigures available.

Military costs,r,,'ar dam.age and thednmping and exploi-tation which in-variabiy acccmpanyWashington's "aid,,have r:educed southViet Nam's economyto ruins. Suffice itto cite a few foreigntrade figures (seechart).

More deplorablethan the huge tracledeficit itself is the

6,351 million piastresin 1963, according to

in 1955 tothe iatest

set up, and local committees went to lvork throughoutthe land.

What was this campaign? The French rveeklyTribune des Nations gave some of the answerSeptember 1955 while the drive was in full sr.ving:

The anti-communist campaign is only a series oIpersecutions, always savage. often bloody. Alj formerResistance mernbers al.e banned flom governmentoffices and even fi.om private undertakings subject togovernment pressure. Diem troops launch wartime_style mopping-up operations, throrv thousands ofpeople living in former Viet Minh zones into con_centration camps, induige in pillaging, carry outnulrerous summarl- executions in regicns near the17th Parallel. Political dictaiolship is suci-r that evenanti-corrmunist tendencies u,ith more 01. less differentshades of opinion ale not toleratecl.

A11 this was of course a flagrant violation of theGeneva agr.eenents which provide:

The competent representative authorities of thel{oi'thern and Southern zones of Viet Nam mustnot peitllit

. anl- ir-icliviclual or collective reprisalsagainst persons rvho irave collirl:oratecl in any v",ayl'rtlr one of the par.1ic.s during the lvar, or againstmembers of such persons, {amilies (Fina1 Declarationof the G.eneva Conference).

In scr.ne icgicns. the U.S. and their stooges evenordereC all the wives of formet. Resistance members,rvhether regrouped to the north or remaining in thesouth. tc i.eport to ,,registr1, offices,, and have theirmarriages annulled. A ',clivorce u,eek. g.as organizedfol thr-. Erir.pose!

"Anti-comruunism" \\,-as a mel.e smokesci,een. TheU.S.-Dremists pointed their terror campaign againstformel Rc-sista-nce members simply because the latterare patriots who lefused to accept French rule in ihepast and are unwilling to be enslaved by the UnitedStales now.

Perseclition. in fact. rvas directed at the people ingeneral. The Saigon-Cholon peace movement whichstaltr-ci on August 1, 1gb4 was a case in point. Aimedat nothing more radicai than to consolidate peace,ensure democratic Ireedoms arid achieve rellnilicationb;' nationu,ide flee general elections, the movementt'apidly gained popular support, spreaC to other prov-inces and drer,v into its ranks broad sections of thepopniation including even some high-ranking officialsof thr: Diem "government.,, But the puppet authoritiesimmediately cracked dotvn on it. Nguyen Huu Tho,a lawlrsr in Saigon who is now President of the SouthViet Nam National Front for Liberatlon, was one ofthe moverient's leaders flung into jail at the time.

Repression and terror vridened and intensified inthe enstring years. Volumes have been written todescribe these atrocities. Here are only two of themost sickening examples.

Mqss Poisoning in Fhu Loi

Nearly 6,000 politlcal prisoners were kept in a con-centration camp in Phu Loi 33 kilometres from Saigon.

Lain

I 960 196 I I 362

llact that B0 per cent of the in-rports $rere c{}nsumerand h-rxury goods including de luxe cars, refi.igera_tors and ra,ciio sets. The remaining 20 pei- cent,stlpposedly col'ering macfilner}, and equipment, inc|-tCedsuch items as equipment for militaly bases anci ailcondiiioners for "government,, offices.

South Viet Nar.n, which used to export 1.5 milliontons o{ rice annually as u,ell as a uride variety of ag-ricuitural produce. ls nolv importing rice, sugar, tinned\zegetables anci tobacco; the food items sometimes con-stitute 16 to 24 pel cent of the total imports.

In south Viet Nam today' there are no metaliurgical,machine-buiiding or chemical industries lr.ci.th). of tl.rename. (By rvay of contrast it ma1- be adcied that in iheliberated northern part of the conntry, factories werebuilt at an avel'age rate oi one in every thlee da1's dur-ing the previ.ous 10 years acconding to figures releasedin 1964.)

Having spent billions of doliars for coloilizaticn ai'idgenocide in Viet Narr. \Vashington is nou, dangiingtire bait of one billion doilars for the "Mekong Ri-.,er"'project and so on in order to lure Viet Nam into its"peace" trap. Sma1l wonder that the Vietnamese peo-ple have been enraged by Johnson's "generosity" andthat genuine Asian public opiilion has sneered at itin the sai-ne way as President Sukarno once dici: "Toheil vrith U.S. aidl"

Reprisals and Terror UnlirnitedIn 1954, Du11es publicly stated: "South Viet Nam

must have a strong government backed up by policeand security forces efficient enough to eliminate fac-tors of agitation." Ngo Dinh Diem and his iuccessorsca.rried out this U.S. order to the hilt.

Immeciiately after the signing oI the Geneva agree_ments, Diem officially proclaimed,.anti-communism',as a "state po1icy." A "Centrai Committee for theDirection of Campaigns to Denounce Communists,, rvas

Ma1; 21, 1"965

(in million

31

Most of them were former Resistance fighters against

the French colonialists. Detention in the camp was

tantamount to sloi,l' death by daily torture.

On December 1, 1958, the camp director wasordered to poison the food of the prisoners. After thepoisoned meal, 1,000 inmates died horrible deaths. Anumber rvho attempted to climb on to the roofs to shoutfor help u,'ere shot dead. Local peopie rushed to theirrescue but access to the place rn'as barred by a regi-ment of infantry plus paratroops and armoured cars'

The following day the camp authorities sprayedpetrol on the buiidings and set fire to them in orderto wipe out all traces of the crime. But the detaineessucceeded in controlllng the fire. Then, for days onend, the carnp authorities br"isied themselves elimina-ting the evidence: the corpses were throu'n into thesea; the survivors were removed to other prisons andnew prisoners were brought to the camp; false newsof an epidemic, then of a mass suicide, rl,as spread.

Truth, however. could not be completely suppres-sed. This massacre evoked rn'orldu'ide protests.

Low No' 10r'59

This "law," signed by Ngo Drnh Diem underAmerican auspices, outdid the Nazis. It set up a nulll-ber of mobile "special military tribunals" to try"saboteurs." Under this lar'v all "sabctage acts'' as lvellas the intention to commit them are punishable bydeath or hard labour for life

- the only two sentences

these tribunals can pronounce. The sentences are car-ried out immediately, and no appeal whatever is al-Iowed.

Countless innocent people feII victim to thismonstrous "1aw." Even an American journalist 'wrotebitingly from Saigon in July 1959: "Only' tlne intentiort'to shake cne's fist in the directicn of the fDiem] Pres-

idential Palace" uras liab1e to punishment befole a

special n-rilitary tribunal. (Neiu York World-Telegrant).

The Nlarch 22, 7965 staten-retlt of the South VietNam Naticnal Front for Liberation summed up the

crimes committed by the United States and its hench-

men. It p.ointed out that since 1954 they h,a'C:

-conducted over 160,000 large or small raids;

-killed near'ly 170.000 people;

- wounded or disabled nearly 800.000 cL1-rers bytorture;

- detained more than 400.000 people in over 1.000jails;

- raped tens of thousand-s of women including o1d

women and even children;

- kil1ed 5,000 persons by disembowelment, burvingalive or other cannibalistic methods;

- razed iarge numbers of rrillages to the ground andherded over five million people into 8,000 con-centration camps disguised as "prosperity zones,'2

Reprinted from the American magazine Newsweek(November 9, f964) r,vhich cynically captioned this photo,"Getting the point: South Yietnamese Rangers inter-rogate a prisoner."

"r'esc'ttlement centres," "strategic hamlets" andso on;

- spi'a1'eri tcxic chemicals on n-]any areas. destroy-ing hurndleds of thousands of hectares of cropsand fruit trees and affecting tens of thousands ofpeople.

Many people in the capi.talist world have been keptigi-rcrant of these stark facts, and, indeed, even of thecpinions e:rpressed by such prominent people asBertrand Russeli on the war and atrccities in south VietNam. In his message to an international conference ofsolidarity rvith the Vietnamese people helci last Novern-ber in Hanci, the British philosopher said:

The r.r,'ar in Viet Nan is a u,ar of aggression con-du.cted by the U.S. againsi the overr,vhelming major-ity of the population. In this !,rar, every folm olbrutalitl, has been ailorveC. Chemical poisoning,napalm fjre raids, unspeakable tortures and mutilation,and the dispatch of many millicns to internmentcamps rvhere they endured forced labour, all this follyand cluel madness are unnecessary. The Genevaagreements of 1954 provide the basis for a sensiblesettlement. Tl-re U.S. must be made to withdlarvfrom Viet Nam and to cease its efforts to dominatethe people of Southeast Asia.

WEN CHAO(To be continued.)

,, Peking Reoi,eus, No. 21

Bcdy Blow {or Washington

Big Explosion ot Bien Hoo

The U.S. aggressors in south VietNam have suffered anolher shock atthe Bien Hoa air base, scene of alightning raid by the south Vietna-mese people's forces last Octoberwl-rich brought to the United Statesthe biggest material loss it had thensuffered at one blow since it launchedits "speciai warfare" in 1961. At B:25a.m. on May 16 big explosions againput the base out of action. As West-ern press reports disclosed, the num-ber of planes destroyed or damagedtotalled 40 and at least 26 Americansr.r,ele kil1ed and 95 others wounded.Of the destroyed planes 10 lvere B-57 jet bombers, 11 Skyraider fightersand one a U.S. Navy Crusader jetfighter.

Columns of smoke rose 2,000metres into the sky. They were easilyvisible in Saigon, 25 kilon.retresa\\ray. The searing heat fromthe fire was so great that thenearby baie command post andtactical operations centre wereabandoned. Joseph H. Moore, com-mander of the U.S. air force in southViet Nam, wailed that it rvould beimpossible to use the vital base forat least a s,eek.

Disaster struck rvheu an explosionblew a fully loaded B-57 jetbomber apart. Blast followed blastamong other loaded planes palked$,ing to u,ing in the ramp alea. Fires

Planes burning

1965

spread to adjacent Skyraider fighterbon-rbers. With the ramp area de-stroyed and hangar walls collapsed,the base was a scene of utter de-struction. And what could be moreappropriate than that U.S. bombsshould take toll of the U.S. airpirates and their planes !

V/ashington was hit u,,here it hurt.While Taylor-, U.S. "ambassador" toscuth Viet Nam, rushed from Saigonto the spot. the Pentagon announcedthat a top-level team heaCecl byWilliam IVIartin, Inspector Generalfor the air force, 'uvould go to BlenHoa to investigate.

Dominicans' Heroic Resistance

Why the U.N. lntervention ?

A fierce battle is raging in SantoDomingo. Since May 12 the U.S.aggressor troops. in colhrsion u,'ithpuppet forces, have unl.eashe.d aIarge-scale offensive against thepatriotic Dominicar-r army ar-rd civil-ians. killlng unarmed people irr coldblood. Rising in heroic resistance,the patriotic forces have dealt theaggressors teiling blows. Besidestaking heavy toll of the puppet army,thev l-rave brought the total of U.S.casu.alties to 114.

Aiong ti.re U.S. "military colridor,"braving the fire from eneml- tanksand armoured cars, the patrioticf orces repulsed with machine-gunfir,e an attack by a U.S. marine com-

pany. In house-to-house fighting inthe northern partof Santo Domingo,they to,ok controlof a cement plantand encircle.d agroup of puppettroops although the,enemy emplo;,.ed30 tanks, bazo.okasand other heavyweapons under U.S.air cover. Civiliansvolunteered act,ivesupport. Youths and

old men fired at the enemy withlight arms from roof tops.

While stepping Lrp its militaryrepression. Washington is trying byunderhand schemes to divert theDominican people from their courseof valiant struggle. Johnson hassent a high-level mission to SantoDomingo. lTpon its arrival on May16 it confelred secletlv with U.S.Ambassador Tapley Bennett an.dformer U.S. Ambassador John Martin.It u,'as reported that the mission wasp)ctting a so-ca1led ''ceasefire,,and theestablishme,nt of a "coalition govern-ment" in the Dominican Republi.c.The U.S. Gcvernment is trying hardto force the provisional DominicanGovernment to negotiate with the"national reconstruction,, regimet,hich is sheitering und.er Washing-ton's wing.

In the meantirne. directed by theUnited States. the United Nations hascome to iight with an offer of itss:ervices. Instead of requiring the U.S.aggressors to get out of the Domi_nican Reptrblic, the U.N. SecurityCouncii on May 14 adopted two reso-lutions, one demandir-rg ,,a strictceasefire" and the other providingfor the senCing of a fact-findingmi;ssion. Hr,rw can ther.e be any ques_tion of a ceasefire between U.S.aggressot's and patriots ,"vho arefighting in self-defence? Whatis the need for the fact finding whenthe plain fact is that the UnitedStates has committed aggression?The aim of the United Nations issimply to iegalize the U.S. acts ofaggression.

In agreeing to the postponementof voting on tl-re Soviet moiiondemanding the withdrawai of U.S.troops and voting instead for send-ing the mission to the DominicanRepublic, the Soviet delegate Fedo-renko said that he did so in orderthat American imperialism mightremain with a rope around its necka little longer. Is this the attitudewhich a socialist country should takewhen the Dominican people areshedding blood every minute?This is a far cry from res-olute support for the Dominicanpeople in their struggle against U.S.aggression until the invaders aredriven out.

ROUND THE WORLD

May 21,

at Bien

t,

City llealth Workers Go toThe Farms

fN February, ihis column repoltedr that a dozen teams made up oIspecialists and other medical person-nel from Peking w,ere u,olking in thecountrysid.e. Now the number ofsuch teams sent out by hospitals,medical eoiieges and health depart-ments in Pekilrg and other citres a.ndcounty towns is 1,500 with 18,000members. More will fol1ow ihem.The sending of such medical teemson u,orkitig tours in the corintr';.'sid,eis to become an established pi'actice.

There are more than 500 rnillionpecple in China's villages errld thoughr:rucli has been done for their healthsince liberation, much remains to l:cdcr:e. These teams froirr the betier-eqr"ripned cities and towns will be a

big help in raising the overall stal-r-darci of medical sel'r,ice in the ner','1yestabiished network of rural hospi-tals and clinics.

Led b;' a piofessor of ophthalmo-logy, one team touring Ii.i-:.ngtungProvince was able in its lirst f erv

w'eeks to lestore their -qight to 20

frlr"mer poor peasants trlinded bi'catai'act. Gynaecologist Lim iiha-tiand other eminent doctors of

WIANG Chilin is a ;'our-.g doctorcf tlte Peking Cilar:vang Ilo:-

pital. Here are brief extracts ftomhis diary rvritten duritrg his iecenttour of work in the countryside.***. Ha're been accepted ioi: toul. ofduty in countryside. Feel elated. Iremember-ed trhat Chairman X[ao itadsaicl about juclging u,heti-rcl a "r'ouihwas a revolutionary or not. lle saiclthat there u.as only one cliterion:whelher he is willing to, arrd inpractiee does, unite and become onewith the broad masses of s'or.kelsand peasants. I must go.***. . Been here ii-r the village forseveral days norv. Soi:ietlrir-ig hap-pened after iunch today. I rvas abo,-rtto take a noon nap ..vhen along can:ea former poot peasant uranting meto go and take a look at his oidmother. I'd been out all morning

WesLern meciicine are working siciebry side u,ith famous doctors of tradi-tional rnedicine. This is the firsttime in histoly that the best n.redi-cal personnel in the cities have goneon such a scale to give their servicesto the peasants.

Besicies treating the peasants. oneof the special jobs of the teams is tohelp olganize and train quickly anarml' ol part-tir-ne health workers atthe rural commune, production bri-gade and iea-rn lerrels. For thi-r theyFre r''.rr-lnirrq sl-ioit-ieritr couils€s;

er ening clas-es and.

talks rvith the stresscr environmen'ualb-vgiene, the funda-mentals of P1'e\-eil-iir.e nteCicine andtreatment of themOre Ct--l.1ll'i-loD ail-rxenis. In HunanProvince, HuangChia-sze, Presidentci the Cni.nese Aca-demy of I'4ediealSrl€lLCi.!. an(l nlS

coileague ProlessorChang H-siao-chienhar.'e l-,e1:ced s::t upa part-r,vork, part-stud-.r. tlvo-ye.ar rrred-

and felt completeiy exhausteci. Fora t-nornent I hesitated. But f t'onrn'hat he asid, his moiLrer reallyseemeC in bad shape.

I sp--nt three hours rvith the oldizrcll' airci I think she is pullingthrough.

ilee from seifishness. I lealnt a veryvainable lesson iod;i1:.***. Been laining 1:eavi11,. A cadrefrom the village phoneci. Wantedme to ha-'re a }cok at an o1d peasant.He couiCn'i say' irow seriously iIl hett,as, b'.rt asked rne to hulr1, o\relt. Iset, of f through ihe rain. Roaclsalmost impassable.

Was I mad t,hen I ar|ived! Justan inflan-red cye, and hacl bet-n off

ical class to train young peasantsin the ruciiments of medicine.

tlt tl-re same time the visitors aregetiing a better appreciation ofheaitl-r problems in the rural aleas,This rvi11 have big, long-term effectsin improrring rnedlcal selvices forthe peasants. Living itr intin:atecontact viith the peasauts

- par-

ticu.larly r,r'ith the folmer poor andlcrr.er-midcile peasants, they- arelearning more about village iife, oflife in the oid days of ruthles-q ex-ploitation and oppression of the peas-ants by the landlords, and of classstruggles of ihe past and present. Iirconseqilence, the5' are de.reloping afirmer ievolutionary stand and rev-olutionizing their practice.

ACR.OSS T&,* E LAN ffi

tluang Chia-sze, .President. of Ure Chinese Acatlemyof Medical Sciences, in the countr}'sitlc,

From s Deetor's Diory

It is not ea-qv, but to 'eallv

ser'e A fundamental change must takethe ri'orkels ind peasants, i must place in iny ideology before I canset \.e r.r,itl-rout

'eset.r,ation. in the become u,orthy of being cailed a

spirit cs.i Dr'. Bethune, corflpleteiy people's doctor.

his appetite. I forgot my anger.,hon-ever, rvhen I saw hou' rellevedthe old man's r.r,iIe u,'as u.hen I toidher it r-as noihing to wot'r'1.' about.

On the way home I leflected howseifisir I had been to be angr),. ThatcaCre was lvoried about a coi:-ilacie.His ccurcern for the old man con-trasteC sharply u-ith my selfishness.

a**

. . . VerY busY otr m1, rcunds. Beenhei'e four n-ronihs. Feel at homenorv. Peasants beginning to treat meas cne of ther:rselrres. Even iorgetm5, meais, and iosing some sleepdoesn't trouble rne. Am learningto pay more aitention to foilot,ingup cases and to 'ii'eai m5, patients ats

lrersolis and not just as cases. I feelfor them and I feel a change inrnyseif.

34 Peking RexieLu, No. 21

,aIi{I

BALLET

Nrs"ernq.lo EBttllot in Elctki.ngg

The Ciassical Ballet of France pre-sented a finel.-ir drav,.n Giselle anci aprogramme of clitertissetnents in-clu.ding +,he Bie.ck Swan pas de deu,rfrorn Su.arz Lake at its premiere inthe capital's Tianqiao Theatre onMay 4. In fonr other periorlTiancesPeking audiences again saw LianeDa-u*dc. and Rosella Hightor,ver withtheir- principal partnels Juan Giulia-no a-nd Geolges Goviioff. backed bya frne corps de ballet. The companyaiso presented pos de deur from DonQtl.it'ote and trne Nutcracker Su,iteand the short bailets Pss de Quatre,Biacit and \Uhite, Constan!:itt, andLes ,{o;"cr ilz.s.

Flemi,:'i Chor-r En-1ai atlended th:l,Ia;; B pcr-ioi'rr-ianc'- i'rrci c{ui'ing tireintalrral he received Claude Giraurl.tire leader of the I't'ench Ba11et. anCiLs principal menrbui s.

Chii-rese ballet ariists and au-diences praised the high artistic skiil,sense oI rh5'thm and grace oI theFrench artists and welcomed thisvisit as a fine opportunitv for cul-tural exchange betr,,.eeu the twocountries.

The orchestra of the Central Phil-harmonic Scciet5' performed',viihcredit unCer the baton of Frenchc,rndu"ctcl Jeaa Dou.ssard.

The Ciassical Ba11et of France ar-rived i.n Peking on April 26 fr-rr a

f ive-rveek +;our in acccrdanct-- u'iththe 1965 Sino-Frencl-r citltr-lral agree-ment. They left Peking cn MaY 9

f or l.Ianking. Shanghai, Hangchorvand Canton.

CINEMA

Sltrttligltt orr Sr"iprrre umqlEtilttt:tttiota

Scientific-edllcational films are inthe spotlight in China's fiim in-dustry. A recent national conferenceoi-r this branch of the cinerna

May 21, L965

revie-wed achierzements to date andforeshadowed bigger developntents.It called for such films to be girzena positicn of equal inrportance tviththat enjoS,gd by feature films.

In a rvcrd, a big pianned effort isbeing made to tnrn them into a greateducational force directly senringthe urgent needs of the day. Withhundreds of thousands of scientificexperirnentai groups in the communefarnrs and large nnmbers of techr.ricalgrcLrps in the factcries experimentingrvith innovations and popularizir-rgnerv lechniques, thcl'e is an irnmensemas:; audience for this type of fi1m.Those alreaciy releaseri g1a5, .r, ,--poriant role in spreaciing scientilicknon iedge and ne\,, techniques, con-tributing to the aCrrar-rce of aglicr-r1-tuie anci inciusiry. But mole ai'3needed. The confer-once decided thatfeat'.rre liln-r str-rdios 1n Changcl-ir-rn.Sian :rnd Canton wiil join the scienccfilrn studic;s ii-r Pelrirg a6d Shalghaiin i;r'oducing more such iih-ns.

Successes to Dste

The popular scientiiic-educationalfi1n.i rveek l-reld iast nronth in eightciiies including Pekii.rg gave scientists.film-makers and the general publican excellent opporiunity to see ivhatha-s beeii cione. Sixi;,.-611" represen-tative films rvere chosen for screen-ing out o{ a poo} of orre.r 1,000 nradesince i9J:i ii"hen the filst specializedscientifrc-educational film studio rvasset r-rp :n China. Their high standardshou.ecl the progress rtracle.

Industrial films covei'e<i a u'iderange from dral,,,ing and readingblueprints and opelating n:acl-rii-re

tools to the rnakirrg oI artificialfibres, the itse of liansislcrs, anci thepopulai'izaiion oi acivanceC pi'oc1uc-tion n-rethods.

Tl:e agricllltural f iims \l-ere o ispecial intelest. Scnte 50 per centoI the scientific-educational filnismacie in the past trvo years dealdilectiy u,ith lalrning. There rverefih.r:rs on rura.l electrification, iraclorsand tractor'-dra.wn implements, dieselengiiles, electric motors on the fai'ms,eradication of crop diseases, the useof insecticides and chemical ferti-lizers, and freshrn aier fish farming.

General interest films incluCed.popula,r science in maitv fields. Forthe chiidren there \Mere shortis cnholl, to look af ter their: teeth andeyesighl., and the lVise Old Mair r,vhoanst'ered some of the big questionsthat pop urp in iittle people's rnir-ri,s.

How Films Help Production

Thele are- many example:s of howfilms helped to boost factory andfarm i:rodr"tction. The short Scienceand Tecl'Lnology, 1964 dealing rvithautomated assembly lines rl,as thefinal fillip that encouraged Shang-hai's No. 3 Bicycle Plant to get a bigiise in cutput by setting up auto-mated assembly lines of its o\\rn.

Golclen Wcrsp and Pink Bollwornz last;.'ear helped communes in Tienn-renCounty, Hupeh Pr'ovince, beai thepink !:cihvorm to bring in the big-g.:st cctton crop in their farmrrighistory. Fol years the peasants the;:elost i5 to 20 per cent of each crop toth.eni. A ferv )'ears ago, the agricr-tl-tural departments brought in s.,l,arrtsoi go)den wasps (Dibracltgs cat)trs

waiker). a nartllrai eneln!' of the boli-worm, ',r,hich in-rmediatel-v ivent tol-oi'k on thi: larvae of these pests.The film was a ker* part of thecampaign to teach the peasants aboutthe helpfr-rl golden \vasps. When thepeasants began to rir-ise these waspsthemselves, the resr-i1ts r.vere dranra-tic. Yields went up as the \ Iasppopuiation rose. In another case aShantunp; coui-rt;1 sr-rcceeded in cr-rt-

ting i:!:r,ck rot danrage to its srveetpotato crops fi'om 25 per cent to 2

thanks iargely to the nlelhodillustratecl in a documentary.

llapping out immediate moves forexi;ansion, th-^ ccnference proposcdtire creation of a librai';r of films tl-lat'..vould. in c{fect, be a comprehensiveor-rtline of science explaining the hls-tory' of the earth and o,ther celestiaL

borlies, the growth of oi-ganisils,na-tr-rra1 phenomena in nieteorology,geophysics. nr-rclear pirysics and

zoolog5r and bctany, and the historyof man and his sccial develoPment.This rvould be oI great imPortancein helping tire massers to a bettergrasp of dialecticat ancl historicalmaterialism.

RADIO PE KI NG'SEnglish Longuoge Tronsmissions

Schedule Beginning April 20, 1965

Peking Timc Locol Stondord Time

)t,

FI*fr-fl,:+&

*,

#8r.-l- o

E&&

;1\5:

I

i,:

kcls

AFRICA

SOUTHEASTASIA

CEYLON, INDIA,NEPAL APAKISTAN

AUSTRATIA &NEW ZEATAND

EUROPE

00:00-01 :00

01 :00.02:@

03:30-04 :30

04:30-05:30

20:00-21 :00

21:00-22t@

| 22:oo-231w

23:00-24:00

16:30-17:30

17 r30- 18 r30

04:30-05 :30

05:30-06:30

08:00-09 :00

09:00-10:00

10:00-1 1 :00

11 :00-12:00

12:00-13:00

NORIH(Eost

l

i

AMERICA)Coost) i

NORTH AMERICA(West Coost)

(Cope Town,Solisbury)(Dor-es-Soloom)

(Cope Town,Solisbury)

(Dor-es-Soloom)

(Monrovio)(Accro, Freetown)(Logos)(Coiro)

(Monrovio)(Accro, Freetown)(Logos)

(West lndonesio,Bongkok)

(Singopore)(Soigon, Monilo)(Rongoon)

(West lndonesio,Bongkok)

20:30-21 :30 (Singopore)21t0O-22:0O (Soigon, Monilo)19:30-20:30 (Rongoon)

18 r00-19:00

19 :00-20 :00

19:00-20:00

20:00-21 :00

18:45-19:4519 :30-20 :3020:30-21 :3021 :3O-22:30

19 :45-20:4520:30-21:3021:30-22t3O

19 :00-20:00

19:30-20:3020:00-21 :0018 :30- 19 :30

20:00-21:00

19 :30-20 r3019:00-20:0020:00-21 :0019 r40-20 :40

20 130-21 :3020:00-21 :0021 :00-22:0O20:4O-21 :40

18:30-19:3020:30-21 :3O

19 :30-20:3021 :30-22:30

20:30-21 :3021 3A-2234

21:30-223422:30-2323O

19 :00-20 :00

20:00-21 :00

21 :A0-22:0O

19 :00-20 r00

(Delhi, Colombo)(West Pokiston)(Eost Pokiston)(Kothmondu)

(Delhi, Colombo)(West Pokiston)(Eost Pokiston)(Kothmondu)

(Aust. S.T.)(N.2. S.T.)

(Aust. S,T.)(N.2. S,T.)

(G.M,T.)(Stockholm, Poris)

(G.M.T.)(Stockholm, Poris)

(E.S.r.)

(E.S,T.)

(E.S.T.)

(P.5.T,)

20:00-21 :00 (P.S.T.)

6325,9860,

6325,9860,

735012055

735012055

5950, 69509880,11650

5950, 69509880,11650

1190, 13407035, 93409650, 11600

11860,15060

7035, 93409650, 11600

11860,15060

735011740

6025, 73509860,11740

47.4,40.830.4, 24.9

47.4,40.830.4, 24.9

50.4, 43.230.4, 25.8

50.4, 43.230.4, 25.8

252, 22442.6, 32.231 .1, 25.825.3, 19.9

42.6, 32.231.1, 25.825.3, 19.9

6025,9860,

49.8, 40,830.4. 25.6

49.8,40.830.4, 25.6

9340, 945711600, 1165015060,17835

9340, 945711600, 1 t65015060, 17835

6210, 70809457, 11630

6210, 70809457, 11630

11820,15060

7035, 948011945

7035, 948011945

9457,1182015095,1s11517745

9457,1182015095, 1511517745

48.3, 42.431.7, 25.8

' 48.3, 42.431.7, 25.8

25.4, 19.9

42,6,31.725.1

42.6,31.725.1

31.7,25.4't9.87, 19.8516.9

31.7,25.419.87, 19.8516.9

32.2, 31.725.8, 25.75'19.9, 16.8

32.2, 31.725.8, 25.7519.9, 16.8