Peace Corps Costa Rica Welcome Book | December 2010

8/4/2019 Peace Corps Costa Rica Welcome Book | December 2010

1/52

]KD XDBLD LOZX\ SDALOFD\ POT ]O

LO\]B Z@LB

B XDBLD LOZX\ XTJA@LB]@OE IOZ EDS YOATE]DDZ\

Mdldfjdz :828


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LO\]B Z@LB FBX

]k`| fbx `| t|dm s`}k xdzf`||`oe izof }kd \}b}d Mdxbz}fde}


3/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG2

B SDALOFD AD]]DZ

Loeczb}tab}òe| oe potz èy`}b}òe }o |dzyd è Lo|}b Z`lb% @ geos }kb} pot kbyd mo~de| oi rtd|}òe| }o b|g! bem

@ bf |tzd }k`| Sdalofd Joogsàa be|sdz |ofd oi }kdf bem fbp! b} }kd |bfd }`fd! è|x`zd dyde fozd% Dblk

lote}zp }kd Xdbld Lozx| sozg| è xzd|de}| te`rtd lkbaadecd|% Pot kbyd jdde oiidzdm be oxxoz}te`}p }o sozg è

Lo|}b Z`lb% Fbep oi pot fbp kbyd iz`dem| oz ibfàp fdfjdz| sko kbyd y`|`}dm Lo|}b Z`lb! bem |ofd oi potfbp kbyd jdde kdzd potz|dayd| b} |ofd }`fd% Oed rtd|}òe izof }ko|d sko kbyd jdde kdzd f`ck} jd! Skb} `|

}kd Xdbld Lozx| moèc è Lo|}b Z`lb? B| b Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz! pot sàa cd} }o |dd b xbz} oi Lo|}b Z`lb

}kb} }otz`|}| edydz cd} }o |dd% Pot sàa m`|loydz }kdzd `| b ao} oi `fxoz}be} sozg pot lbe mo }o kdax Lo|}b

Z`lbe| `fxzoyd }kd`z a`yd| bem pot! }oo! sàa czos xzoid||òebaap bem xdz|oebaap è }kd xzold||%

Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb sb| d|}bja`|kdm è 209 lkàmzde! pot}k! bem ibfà`d|% @e dbzap :88

loffte`}p mdydaoxfde}% @e :884! Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb bmmdm b }k`zm xzondl}> loffte`}p dloeof`l

mdydaoxfde}% @e :828! Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb bmmdm b iotz}k xzondl}> }dblkèc Deca`|k b| b iozd`ce abectbcd%

Baa xzondl}| iolt| oe }kd xoozd|} bzdb| oi }kd lote}zp! skdzd zd|otzld| bzd |lbzld% Ltzzde}ap }kdzd bzd

bxxzo{`fb}dap 248 Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz| |dzyèc e Lo|}b Z`lb%

B| Yoate}ddz|! pot sàa a`yd s`}k b ibfàp e |df`ztzba! ztzba! |df`&tzjbe! oz fbzcèba tzjbe loffte`}`d| bem

jdlofd be è}dczba xbz} oi }kb} ibfàp bem }kd loffte`}p% Pot sàa jd sozgèc s`}k zd|`mde}| oe ybzòt|

xzondl}| è potz loffte`}p% Pot sàa jd loe|}be}ap lkbaadecdm è sbp| pot fbp eo} jd bjad }o `fbcèd! jt}

}kd zdsbzm| bzd fbep bem ybz`dm%

]kd Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb |}bii `| kdzd }o xzoy`md pot s`}k }kd |txxoz} pot eddm }o kbyd b |tlld||ita }so

pdbz| oi Yoate}ddz |dzy`ld% ]kb} |txxoz} jdcè| s`}k be e}de|`yd! 28&sddg! loffte`}p&jb|dm xzd&|dzy`ld

}zbèèc +X\] xzoczbf% Mtzèc X\]! |}bii sàa c`yd pot |ofd fxoz}be} }ooa| }o kdax pot |tllddm7 kosdydz!

}kd fo|} fxoz}be} }ooa| bzd }kd oed| pot sàa jzèc s`}k pot> oxdeed||! loff`}fde}! iad{`jà`}p! bem b |èldzd

md|`zd }o jd xbz} oi b Lo|}b Z`lbe loffte`}p ioz }kd ed{} }so pdbz| oi potz aìd%

]k`| Sdalofd Joogsàa xzoy`md pot s`}k |ofd bmm`}òeba èiozfb}òe bjot} potz it}tzd aìd bem sozg kdzd }o

kdax pot mdl`md skd}kdz }k`| `| }kd z`ck} lko`ld ioz pot b} }k`| }`fd% Xadb|d zdbm `} lbzditaap bem idda izdd }o

loe}bl} }kd Lde}zba Bfdz`lbe Lote}zp Md|g b} Xdbld Lozx| kdbmrtbz}dz| e Sb|kèc}oe! M%L%! i pot kbyd bep

rtd|}òe|%

Sd aoog iozsbzm }o fdd}èc pot bem sozgèc s`}k pot%

\}dyde Moz|dp

Lote}zp M`zdl}oz


4/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG:

LOE]DE]\

B SDALOFD AD]]DZ%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2LOE]DE]\ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%:LOZD D[XDL]B]@OE\IOZ XDBLD LOZX\ YOATE]DDZ\ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=XDBLD LOZX\/LO\]B Z@LB K@\]OZP BEM XZOCZBF\ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4

K`|}ozp oi }kd Xdbld Lozx| è Lo|}b Z`lb %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4K`|}ozp bem It}tzd oi Xdbld Lozx| Xzoczbffèc è Lo|}b Z`lb%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4

LOTE]ZP OYDZY@DS> LO\]B Z@LB B] B CABELD %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%9K`|}ozp%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9Coydzefde}%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 3Dloeofp %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ;Xdoxad bem Lta}tzd %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ;Dey`zoefde} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 0

ZD\OTZLD\ IOZ ITZ]KDZ @EIOZFB]@OE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%28Cdedzba @eiozfb}òe Bjot} Lo|}b Z`lb %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 28Oeaèd Bz}`lad|/Ltzzde} Eds| \`}d| Bjot} Lo|}b Z`lb %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 28@e}dzeb}òeba Mdydaoxfde} \`}d| Bjot} Lo|}b Z`lb %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 22Zdloffdemdm Joog| %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2:

A@Y@EC LOEM@]@OE\ BEM YOATE]DDZ A@ID\]PAD %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2=Loffte`lb}òe| %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2=Kot|èc bem \`}d Aolb}òe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2=A`yèc Baaosbeld bem FoedpFbebcdfde} %%%24Ioom bem M`d} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 29]zbe|xoz}b}òe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 23

Cdoczbxkp bem La`fb}d %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2;\ol`ba Bl}`y`}`d| %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2;Xzoid||òeba`|f! Mzd||! bem Jdkbyòz %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2;Xdz|oeba \bid}p%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 20Zdsbzm| bem Izt|}zb}òe| %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :8

XDBLD LOZX\ ]ZB@E@EC %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%:2Oydzy`ds oi Xzd&\dzy`ld ]zbèèc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :2]dlke`lba ]zbèèc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ::Abectbcd ]zbèèc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ::Lzo||&Lta}tzba ]zbèèc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :


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XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG B Fdm`lba Lkdlga`|} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :3\bid}p bem \dltz`}pOtz Xbz}edz|k`x %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :;Ibl}oz| }kb} Loe}z`jt}d }o Yoate}ddz Z`|g %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :0\}bp`ec \bid> Moe} Jd b ]bzcd} ioz Lz`fd %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


6/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG=

LOZD D[XDL]B]@OE\

IOZ XDBLD LOZX\ YOATE]DDZ\

@e sozgèc }osbzm itaiàaèc }kd Xdbld Lozx| F`||òe oi xzofo}èc sozam xdbld bem iz`dem|k`x! b| b }zbèdd

bem Yoate}ddz! pot bzd d{xdl}dm }o>

2% Xzdxbzd potz xdz|oeba bem xzoid||òeba aìd }o fbgd b loff`}fde} }o |dzyd bjzobm ioz b itaa }dzf oi :3

foe}k|

:% Loff`} }o `fxzoyèc }kd rtba`}p oi aìd oi }kd xdoxad s`}k skof pot a`yd bem sozg7 bem! è moèc |o! |kbzd

potz |gàa|! bmbx} }kdf! bem adbze eds |gàa| b| eddmdm


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XDBLD LOZX\/LO\]B Z@LB

K@\]OZP BEM XZOCZBF\

K`|}ozp oi }kd Xdbld Lozx| è Lo|}b Z`lb

\èld 209

bzdb| oi kdba}k! dmtlb}òe! }kd dey`zoefde}! loffte`}p mdydaoxfde}! bcz`lta}tzd! |fbaa jt|èd|| mdydaoxfde}!

bem pot}k mdydaoxfde}% ]kzotckot} }kd xzoczbf| d{`|}deld! Yoate}ddz| kbyd jdde loe|`|}de}ap sdaa zdld`ydm

jp }kd Lo|}b Z`lbe xdoxad bem aolba lote}dzxbz} bcdel`d|%

]kd lkàmzde! pot}k! bem ibfà`d| +LPI xzondl} sb| }kd xz`fbzp |dl}oz oi }kd Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb xzoczbf

izof 200; }kzotck :88:% @e :88

iolt|d| oe }kd xoozd|} ztzba loffte`}`d| è }kd lote}zp% @e :884! b }k`zm xzondl} è loffte`}p dloeof l

mdydaoxfde} +LDM jdcbe% @e :828! b iotz}k xzondl} jdcbe è }dblkèc Deca |k b| b iozd`ce abectbcd +]DIA%

K`|}ozp bem It}tzd oi Xdbld Lozx| Xzoczbffèc è Lo|}b Z`lb

]kd Xdbld Lozx| xzondl}| è Lo|}b Z`lb kbyd lkbecdm }o zd|xoem bem bmbx} }o }kd eddm| bem lkbaadecd| oi

Lo|}b Z`lb bem `}| xdoxad% Dbzap xzoczbffèc diioz}| zd|xoemdm }o eddm| è }kd kdba}k bem bcz`lta}tzd |dl}oz|%@e }kd 2038| bem 20;8|! }kd dmtlb}òe |dl}oz czds è `fxoz}beld! ltafèb}èc è }kd Xdbld Lozx| mdydaoxèc b

eb}òeba ltzz`ltatf ioz dey`zoefde}ba dmtlb}òe% @e }kd f`m&20;8|! }kd Xdbld Lozx| |}bz}dm |fbaa jt|èd|| bem

kot|èc xzondl}| }o kdax Lo|}b Z`lb lzdb}d dfxaopfde} oxxoz}te`}`d| bem }kd loe|}ztl}òe oi eds kot|èc

te`}|% @e }kd 2008|! }kd Xdbld Lozx| xzoczbffèc lkbecdm }o bmmzd|| loffte`}p dmtlb}òe! dey`zoefde}ba

`||td|! bem }kd xzojadf| oi pot}k b} |ol`ba z`|g%

]kd lkàmzde! pot}k! bem ibfà`d| +LPI xzondl} |}bz}dm e 2008 e zd|xoe|d }o elzdb|dm f`czb}òe izof ztzba

}o tzjbe lde}dz| bem }kd |tj|drtde} |ol`ba m`|aolb}òe oi pot}k% @e }k`| xzondl}! }kd Xdbld Lozx| kb| sozgdm

s`}k }kd Xb}zoeb}o Eblèba md ab @eibel`b +XBE@! b Lo|}b Z`lbe coydzefde} bcdelp }kb} | |`fàbz }o Lkàm

Xzo}dl}`yd \dzy`ld| e }kd Te`}dm \}b}d|% ]kd zdab}òe|k`x jd}sdde Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb bem XBE@ kb|

|}zdec}kdedm oydz }kd pdbz|! bem }kd xzondl} kb| dyoaydm }o bmmzd|| }kd eddm| oi b jzobmdz zbecd oi b}&z`|g

loffte`} d|! eo} nt|} tzjbe% ]kd xzondl} ba|o sozg| s`}k `||td| |tlk b| yòadeld bem bjt|d xzdyde}òe! |lkooazd}de}òe! |dzy`ld adbzeèc! kdba}k! bem zdlzdb}òe bem elzdb|dm xbz}`l`xb}òe s`}k lkàmzde! pot}k! bem ibfà`d|!

baaosèc ioz b fozd è}dczb}dm bxxzoblk }o bmmzd||èc `||td| }kb} biidl} potec xdoxad%

@e fbep zd|xdl}|! Lo|}b Z`lb kb| b}}bèdm fxzd||`yd adyda| oi |ol`ba bem dloeof`l mdydaoxfde}! fbeìd|}èc

b fb}dz`ba xzoczd|| }kb}! b} i`z|} cabeld! lofxbzd| s`}k }kd eizb|}ztl}tzd bem loffdzl`ba bl}`y`}p oi }kd Te`}dm

\}b}d| oz Dtzoxd! d|xdl`baap e }kd eb}òe| lbx`}ba! \be No|% Kosdydz! temdz }kd |tzibld! czosèc |ol`ba àa|

}kzdb}de }o m`fè`|k }kd lote}zp| cbè| è dmtlb}òe! mdfolzblp! bem kdba}k lbzd% B| b zd|ta}! }kd Xdbld Lozx|

eos iolt|d| oe bmmzd||èc }kd eddm| oi }kd xoxtab}òe| fo|} ytaedzbjad }o xoydz}p! lz`fd! mztc bjt|d! lkàm

bjt|d! bem mofd|}`l yòadeld% @} | ba|o sozgèc }o |}zdec}kde }kd bjà`}p oi XBE@ bem aolba loffte`}`d| }o

|dzyd |tlk xoxtab}òe|%

B| b zd|ta} oi }kd |tlld|| oi }kd LPI xzondl}! }kd Xdbld Lozx| bem XBE@ mdl`mdm }o d{xbem }kd xzondl} è:88:% Ltzzde}ap! bxxzo{`fb}dap


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|lkooa |}tmde}| bem }dblkdz|% ]kd xzondl} sozg| xzèl`xbaap s`}k }kd Fè`|}zp oi Dmtlb}òe b| `}| eb}òeba

lote}dzxbz}7 ltzzde}ap }kdzd bzd :9 Yoate}ddz| sozgèc e }k`| xzondl}%

LOTE]ZP OYDZY@DS>

LO\]B Z@LB B] B CABELD

K`|}ozp

Skàd }kdzd `| mdjb}d bjot} }kd etfjdz oi èm`cdeot| xdoxad è Lo|}b Z`lb xzòz }o }kd bzz`yba oi Lkz`|}oxkdz

Loatfjt| e 248:! ids |tzy`ydm loe}bl} s`}k Dtzoxdbe|% ]ombp! }kd lote}zp| em`cdeot| xoxtab}òe fbgd|

tx ad|| }kbe : xdzlde} oi }kd }o}ba xoxtab}òe%

Ioz edbzap }kzdd lde}tz`d|! \xbè bmfè`|}dzdm skb} | eos Lo|}b Z`lb b| xbz} oi }kd Lbx}bèlp Cdedzba oi

Ctb}dfbab! temdz b fà`}bzp coydzefde}% ]kd \xbe`|k ox}`f`|}`lbaap lbaadm }kd lote}zp Z`lk Lob|}% Ièmèc

a`}}ad coam oz o}kdz ybatbjad fèdzba| e Lo|}b Z`lb7 kosdydz! }kd \xbe`|k }tzedm }o bcz`lta}tzd% ]kd |fbaa

abemosedz| zdab}`yd xoydz}p! }kd ablg oi b abzcd em`cdeot| abjoz iozld! }kd xoxtab}òe| d}ke`l bem aèct`|}`l

kofocded`}p! bem Lo|}b Z`lb| |oab}òe izof }kd \xbe`|k loaoe`ba lde}dz| e Fd{`lo bem }kd Bemd|loe}z`jt}dm }o }kd mdydaoxfde} oi b zdab}`ydap bt}oeofot|! em`y`mtba |}`l! bem dcba`}bz`be bczbz`be |ol`d}p%

]k`| }zbm`}òe |tzy`ydm }kd s`mdedm lab|| m`|}èl}òe| jzotck} oe jp }kd è}zomtl}òe oi jbebeb bem loiidd

lta}`yb}òe e }kd 20}k lde}tzp bem }kd |tj|drtde} blltftab}òe oi aolba sdba}k%

Lo|}b Z`lb noèdm o}kdz Lde}zba Bfdz`lbe xzoyèld| e 2;:2 e b noè} mdlabzb}òe oi emdxdemdeld izof \xbè%

@e 2; 2023&2020! skde Idmdz`lo ]èolo ztadm b| b m`l}b}oz7

bem 20=;! skde No|d I`ctdzd| adm be bzfdm txz`|èc è }kd sbgd oi b m`|xt}dm xzd|`mde}`ba dadl}òe% ]kd

y`l}ozòt| nte}b izof }k`| ==&mbp l`yà sbz mzbi}dm b loe|}`}t}òe ctbzbe}ddèc izdd dadl}òe| s`}k te`ydz|ba

|tiizbcd bem }kd bjoa`}òe oi }kd fà`}bzp% I`ctdzd| jdlbfd b eb}òeba kdzo! sèeèc }kd i`z|} dadl}òe temdz }kd

eds loe|}`}t}òe è 204


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Coydzefde}

Lo|}b Z`lb | b mdfolzb}`l zdxtja`l s`}k |}zoec loe|}`}t}òeba lkdlg| bem jbabeld|% D{dlt}`yd zd|xoe|`jà`}`d|

bzd yd|}dm è b xzd|`mde}! sko `| }kd lote}zp| lde}dz oi xosdz% ]kdzd ba|o bzd }so y`ld xzd|`mde}| bem b 24&

fdfjdz lbjèd}! sk`lk elatmd| oed oi }kd y`ld xzd|`mde}|% ]kd xzd|`mde} bem }kd 43 Adc`|ab}`yd B||dfjap

|deb}oz| +m`xt}bmo| bzd dadl}dm ioz iotz&pdbz }dzf|% Xzd|`mde}| bzd a`f`}dm }o oed loe|dlt}`yd iotz&pdbz }dzf%

]kdp fbp zte ioz dadl}òe bcbè jt} fbp eo} |dzyd loe|dlt}`yd }dzf|% Be emdxdemde} \txzdfd Dadl}ozba

]z`jteba |txdzy`|d| }kd dadl}ozba xzold||% ]kd \txzdfd Lotz} oi Nt|}`ld d{dzl`|d| ntm`l`ba xosdz bem b

lkbfjdz oi }kd \txzdfd Lotz} zdy`ds| }kd loe|}`}t}òeba`}p oi adc`|ab}òe bem d{dlt}`yd mdlzdd| bem baa kbjdb|

lozxt| sbzzbe}|%

]kd oii`ld| oi }kd @e|xdl}oz Cdedzba! B}}ozedp Cdedzba! bem Ofjtm|fbe d{dzl`|d bt}oeofot| oydz|`ck} oi }kd

coydzefde}% \}b}d bcdel`d| denop loe|`mdzbjad oxdzb}òeba emdxdemdeld7 }kdp elatmd }kd }dadloffte`lb}òe|

bem dadl}z`lba xosdz foeoxoap +@LD! }kd eb}òeba`~dm loffdzl`ba jbeg| +JELZ! }kd |}b}d e|tzbeld

foeoxoap +@E\! bem }kd |ol`ba |dltz`}p kdba}k lbzd bcdelp +LL\\% Lo|}b Z`lb kb| eo fà`}bzp7 } fbè}bè|

xoa`ld bem |dltz`}p iozld| oeap ioz è}dzeba |dltz`}p%

]kd coydzefde} oi Lo|}b Z`lb kb| dfxkb|`~dm }kd mdydaoxfde} oi mdfolzblp bem zd|xdl} ioz ktfbe z`ck}|

}kzotckot} }| k`|}ozp% Te}à zdlde}ap! }kd lote}zp| xoa`}`lba |p|}df loe}zb|}dm |kbzxap s`}k }ko|d oi fbep oi`}| Lde}zba Bfdz`lbe bem Lbz`jjdbe ed`ckjoz|% Lo|}b Z`lb d{xdz`deldm |dydzba tet|tba mbp| oi aos&adyda l`yà

m`|}tzjbeld e dbzap :888 oydz adc`|ab}òe }kb} sotam kbyd xdzf`}}dm xz`yb}d&|dl}oz xbz}`l`xb}òe e }kd |}b}d&

osedm }dadloffte`lb}òe| bem dadl}z`lba xosdz |dl}oz|%

]kd dadl}òe| oi Idjztbzp 4! :889! sdzd k`|}oz`l ioz |dydzba zdb|oe|% I`z|}! }kd demtzèc j`xbz}`|be|k`x oi }kd

ab|} 48 pdbz| jd}sdde }kd Eb}òeba A`jdzb}òe Xbz}p +XAE bem \ol`ba Lkz`|}`be Te`}p Xbz}p +XT\L demdm b|

24 xzd|`mde}`ba lbem`mb}d| de}dzdm }kd xz`fbz`d|! baa oi }kdf izof mìidzde} xoa`}`lba xbz}`d|% \dloem! b


10/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG;

Bz`b| è k`| |dloem }dzf! bem ba|o b iozfdz fè`|}dz oi |dltz`}p% \kd zbe oe b xab}iozf iolt|dm oe |bidctbzmèc

l`}`~de |dltz`}p! xzofo}èc }zbe|xbzdelp e coydzefde}! bem jzècèc drt`}bjad mdydaoxfde} }o temdz|dzydm

bzdb| oi }kd lote}zp% ]kd adc`|ab}tzd loe}ètd| m`y`mdm jd}sdde |dydzba xoa`}`lba xbz}`d|! zdrt`zèc xoa`}`lba

baa`beld| }o bmybeld d{dlt}`yd bem adc`|ab}`yd bcdemb|%

Dloeofp

Bllozmèc }o }kd :880 xtja`lb}òe oi }kd \}b}d oi }kd Eb}òe bem :88; zdxoz} oi ]kd Lde}zba Jbeg oi Lo|}b

Z`lb! èiab}òe! b} }kd dem :88;! lao|dm b} 2


11/52


Dey`zoefde}

]kd Zdxtja`l oi Lo|}b Z`lb `| aolb}dm è Lde}zba Bfdz`lb! s`}k Xbebfb }o }kd |ot}k! E`lbzbctb }o }kd eoz}k!

}kd Lbz`jjdbe \db }o }kd db|}! bem }kd Xblì`l Oldbe }o }kd sd|}% @} loydz| b abem bzdb oi 20!94: |rtbzd fàd|

bjot} }kd |`~d oi Sd|} Y`zcè`b% B lkbè oi yoalbe`l fote}bè| zte| }kzotck }kd lde}dz oi }kd lote}zp è}o

E`lbzbctb! |xa`}}èc Lo|}b Z`lb e }so% @e }kd lde}dz oi }kd fote}bè zbecd| | b k`ck&ba}`}tmd xabè! s`}k

lob|}ba aosabem| oe d`}kdz |`md% Ftlk oi }kd lote}zp sb| oeld loydzdm s`}k mde|d iozd|}| bem ntecad|! fo|} oi

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oi }zox`lba iaozb bem ibteb%

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bem aoccèc olltz% Ot}|`md }kd xzo}dl}dm bzdb|! Lo|}b Z`lb ibld| b s`md zbecd oi dey`zoefde}ba lkbaadecd|!

èlatmèc xooz |oa`m sb|}d fbebcdfde}! ablg oi sb}dz }zdb}fde} iblà`} d|! mdiozd|}b}òe! b`z xoaat}òe izof

ydk`lad| bem emt|}zp! eo`|d xoaat}òe! lob|}ba mdczbmb}òe! bem }kd dydz&èlzdb|èc mdydaoxfde} oi }otz`|}

bzdb|%


12/52


ZD\OTZLD\ IOZ ITZ]KDZ @EIOZFB]@OE

Ioaaosèc `| b a`|} oi sdj|`}d| ioz bmm`}òeba èiozfb}òe bjot} }kd Xdbld Lozx| bem Lo|}b Z`lb bem }o loeedl}

pot }o zd}tzedm Yoate}ddz| bem o}kdz èy`}dd|% Xadb|d gddx è fèm }kb} ba}kotck sd }zp }o fbgd |tzd baa }kd|d

aèg| bzd bl}`yd bem ltzzde}! sd lbeeo} ctbzbe}dd `}% @i pot mo eo} kbyd blld|| }o }kd @e}dzed}! y`|`} potz aolba

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sk`lk xdoxad bzd izdd }o d{xzd|| oxèòe| bjot} }kd Xdbld Lozx| jb|dm oe }kd`z ose d{xdz`deld! èlatmèc

loffde}| jp }ko|d sko sdzd tekbxxp s`}k }kd`z lko`ld }o |dzyd è }kd Xdbld Lozx|% ]kd|d oxèòe| bzd eo}

}ko|d oi }kd Xdbld Lozx| oz }kd T%\% coydzefde}! bem sd koxd pot sàa gddx è fèm }kb} eo }so xdoxad

d{xdz`deld }kd`z |dzy`ld e }kd |bfd sbp%

Cde d zba @eiozf b} òe Bjot} Lo|}b Z`lb

sss%lote}zpsb}lk%lof/

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}kd moaabz }o }kd Lo|}b Z`lbe loae% Nt|} la`lg oe Lo|}b Z`lb bem co izof }kdzd%

sss%aoedapxabed}%lof/md|}èb}òe|

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sss%|}b}d%coy

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Lo|}b Z`lb bem adbze fozd bjot} `}| |ol`ba bem xoa`}`lba k`|}ozp% Pot lbe ba|o co }o }kd |`}d| è}dzeb}òeba

}zbyda |dl}òe }o lkdlg oe loem`}òe| }kb} fbp biidl} potz |bid}p%

sss%x|z%gddad%bl%tg/oii`l`ba%k}f

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sss%cdoczbxkp%bjot}%lof/a`jzbzp/fbx|/jaèmd{%k}f

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o}kdz |`}d|! |tlk b| }kd A`jzbzp oi Loeczd||! }kb} loe}bè lofxzdkde|`yd k`|}oz`lba! |ol`ba! bem xoa`}`lba

jblgczotem%

sss%lpjdz|lkooajt|%te%ozc/èioeb}òe/èio%b|x

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sss%sozamèiozfb}òe%lof

]k`| |`}d xzoy`md| be bmm`}òeba |otzld oi ltzzde} bem k`|}oz`lba eiozfb}òe bjot} lote}z`d| bzotem }kd sozam%

Loeed l} S`}k Zd} tzed m Yoate}dd z|

bem O}kdz @ey`}dd|

sss%zxly%ozc

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ièm aèg| }o baa }kd Sdj xbcd| oi }kd Iz`dem| oi czotx| ioz fo|} lote}z`d| oi |dzy`ld! lofxz`|dm oi iozfdz

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dyde}| bem aolba yoate}ddz bl}`y`}`d|% Oz co |}zb`ck} }o }kd Iz`dem| oi Lo|}b Z`lb |`}d>


13/52


k}}x>//sss%zxlysdjzèc%ozc

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sss%xdbldlozx|sz`}dz|%ozc

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Yoate}ddz bllote}| oi }kd`z Xdbld Lozx| |dzy`ld%

Oeaèd Bz} `lad |/Ltz zd e} Ed s| \`}d | Bjot} Lo|}b Z`lb

sss%}`lo}`fd|%ed}

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sss%eblòe%lof

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k}}x>//sss%abzdxtja`lb%ed}

Ab Zdxja`lb! b mbàp eds|xbxdz è \xbe`|k

sss%bflo|}bz`lb%lof

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sss%|dfbebzò%tlz%bl%lz

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@e}dzeb}òeba Mdydaoxfde} \`}d| Bjot} Lo|}b Z`lb

sss%et%oz%lz

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k}}x>//sss%ob|%ozc/

Ozcbe`~b}òe oi Bfdz`lbe \}b}d|

sss%`bmj%ozc

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k}} x>/ /sss% xbko%ozc/Deca`|k/MM/B@\/lx_2;;%k}f

Xbe Bfdz`lbe Kdba}k Ozcbe`~b} oe e Lo|}b Z`lb


14/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG2:

Zdloffd emd m Joog|

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:% Mbaèc! ]nbjda% Lo|}b Z`lb è Iolt|> B Ct`md }o }kd Xdoxad! Xoa`}`l|! bem Lta}tzd% Aoemoe> Ab}è

Bfdz`lb Jtzdbt! 200;%

Czoyd Xzd||! 20;0%

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Apeed Z`deedz Xtja`|kdz|! 200;%

9% Foaèb! @ye! bem \}dyde Xbafdz% ]kd K`|}ozp oi Lo|}b Z`lb% \be No|! Lo|}b Z`lb> Dm`}oz`ba md ab

Te`ydz|`mbm md Lo|}b Z`lb! 200;%

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Loe|oz}`tf Joog \bad|! 200=% ]zbe|ab}òe| oi :9 |koz} |}oz`d| jp :8 oi Lo|}b Z`lb| jd|} bt}koz|%

;% Ybe Zkddede! Dzè%A`yèc Bjzobm è Lo|}b Z lb% Dfdzyàad! Lbaì%> Bybaoe Xtja`|kèc Czotx! @el%

:88=%

Joog| Bjot} }kd K`|}ozp oi }kd Xdbld Lozx|

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Lbfjz`mcd! Fb||%> Kbzybzm Te`ydz|`}p Xzd||! :888%

:% Z`ld! Cdzbam ]% ]kd Joam D{xdz`fde}> NIG| Xdbld Lozx|% Eo}zd Mbfd! @em%> Te`ydz|`}p oi Eo}zd

Mbfd Xzd||! 20;4%

]kd Aìd bem ]`fd| oi \bzcde} \kz`ydz% Sb|kèc}oe! M%L%> \f`}k|oe`be

@e|}`}t}òe Xzd||! :88=%

Joog| oe }kd Yoate} ddz D{xdz`deld

2% M`zabf! \kbzoe%Jdpoem \`jdz`b> ]so Pdbz| e b Iozco}}de Xabld% \be}b Jbzjbzb! Lbaì%> Fl\db|

Joog|! :88=%

:% Lb|djoa}! Fbznoz`d MdFo||%Fbzcbz`}b> B Ctb}dfbabe Xdbld Lozx| D{xdz deld% C`c Kbzjoz! Sb|k%>

Zdm Bxxad Xtja`|kèc! :888%

]so Pdbz| è }kd Kdbz} oi be Biz`lbe Y aabcd% Eds Pozg!

E%P%> X`lbmoz! :88 ]so Pdbz| oe }kd Pbec}~d% Eds Pozg! E%P%> Xdzdee`ba! :882%

4% Gdeedmp! Cdzbamèd dm% Izof }kd Lde}dz oi }kd Dbz}k> \}oz`d| ot} oi }kd Xdbld Lozx|% \be}b Foe`lb!

Lbaì%> Laoydz Xbzg Xzd||! 2002%


15/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG2 B Xdbld Lozx| Lkzoe`lad% \db}}ad! Sb|k%> Te`ydz|`}p oi Sb|k`ec}oe

Xzd||! 2003 +zdxz`e}%


16/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG2=

A@Y@EC LOEM@]@OE\ BEM

YOATE]DDZ A@ID\]PAD

Loffte`lb}òe|

FbàB`zfbà }o bem izof Lo|}b Z`lb }bgd| oed }o }so sddg|% Yoate}ddz| è fozd zdfo}d bzdb| oi }kd lote}zp sàa

a`gdap kbyd bmm`}òeba mdabp|% Pot lbe zdld`yd fbà b} }kd Xdbld Lozx| oii`ld mtzèc }zbèèc bem b| b

Yoate}ddz%

]kd fbàèc bmmzd|| oi }kd Xdbld Lozx| oii`ld `|>

Potz Ebfd! XL]

Ltdzxo md Xb~

Bxbz}bmo Xo|}ba 2:99&2888

\be No|d! Lo|}b Z`lb

Oeld pot kbyd lofxad}dm }zbèèc! pot sàa jd zd|xoe|`jad ioz |demèc }kd bmmzd|| oi potz eds |`}d }o iz`dem|

bem ibfàp fdfjdz|% Fo|} |`}d| bzd edbz xo|} oii`ld|! bem b Yoate}ddz lbe zde} b xo|} oii`ld jo{ oz kbyd fbàmda`ydzdm m`zdl}ap }o k`| oz kdz kofd% Pot fbp ba|o lkoo|d }o fbè}bè }kd Xdbld Lozx| oii`ld b| potz fbàèc

bmmzd||% Pot sàa mdièd }kb} oeld pot bzd kdzd è&lote}zp bem b||`cedm }o potz eds |`}d%

Mo eo} kbyd xdoxad |dem pot foedp! b`zaèd }`lgd}|! oz o}kdz ybatbjad `}df| }kzotck }kd fbà% @}df| fbàdm è

xbmmdm fbeàb deydaoxd| kbyd b jd}}dz lkbeld oi bzz`yèc b} potz |`}d s`}kot} jdèc mdabpdm jp lt|}of|%

Abzcdz xblgbcd| kbyd }o co }kzotck lt|}of| bem |ofd}`fd| fp|}dzòt|ap m`|bxxdbz e }zbe|`}% Zd}z`dyèc

xblgbcd| izof lt|}of| `| }`fd&loe|tfèc bem fo|} oi}de zdrt`zd| xbpfde} oi mt}p idd| bem |}ozbcd lkbzcd|

}kb} bzd |ofd}`fd| fozd }kbe }kd ybatd oi skb} `| è potz xblgbcd%

MKA! Idmdzba D{xzd||! bem o}kdz lotz`dz| kbyd oii`ld| è Lo|}b Z`lb% @i potz iz`dem| oz zdab}`yd| sbe} }o |dem

pot |ofd}kèc jp lotz`dz! }kdp |kotam |dem `} }o }kd Xdbld Lozx| oii`ld! ioz sk`lk b xkoed etfjdz bem

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zdld`yd }kd xblgbcd% ]kd Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb oii`ld xkoed etfjdz | 822%489%::


17/52


|dzy`ld| izof xdz|oeba lofxt}dz| oz @e}dzed} lbi| b| b fdbe| oi fbgèc ed{xde|`yd e}dzeb}òeba xkoed lbaa|

}o ibfàp bem iz`dem|%

Mtzèc }zbèèc! fo|} oi }kd ko|} ibfà`d| Yoate}ddz| a`yd s`}k kbyd }dadxkoed|7 ì }kdp mo eo}! }kdzd `| a`gdap }o

jd b ed`ckjoz s`}k b xkoed oz b xtja`l xkoed edbzjp% ]dadxkoed |dzy`ld `| fozd a`f`}dm b} b ids ztzba |`}d|%

Fbep Yoate}ddz| lkoo|d }o xtzlkb|d }kd`z ose ldaaxkoed|7 Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb mod| eo}

Ib{ |dzy`ld `| ba|o bybàbjad è fo|} l`}`d|! t|tbaap b} }kd aolba xo|} oii`ld% ]kd xo|} oii`ld lkbzcd| b idd ioz

jo}k |demèc bem zdld`yèc ib{d|% Oeld pot bzd b} potz b||`cedm |`}d! pot lbe |dem b ib{ etfjdz }o potz

iz`dem| bem zdab}`yd| ioz db|`dz loffte`lb}òe%

xzoy`md pot s`}k|tlk xkoed|% Pot mo eo} eddm b ldaatabz xkoed }o lbzzp ot} potz sozg è Lo|}b Z`lb jt} `} `| zdloffdemdm pot

kbyd oed ioz potz |dltz`}p% Fo|} T%\% ldaaxkoed| bzd eo} lofxb}`jad s`}k }kd ldaatabz }dlkeoaocp è Lo|}b

Z`lb! mtd }o }kd ibl} }kb} }kd }dadxkoed |dzy`ld `| b foeoxoap coydzedm jp }kd |}b}d% Ba}kotck }kdzd bzd xabe| }o

}zp bem lkbecd }k`| e }kd edbz it}tzd }kzotck LBI]B! eo}kèc | ltzzde}ap bybàbjad%

]o zdblk pot e be dfdzcdelp! potz ibfàp lbe lbaa }kd Oii`ld oi \xdl`ba \dzy`ld| b} Xdbld Lozx|/kdbmrtbz}dz|

è Sb|kèc}oe! M%L%! b} ;88%=:=%;4;8! D{}% 2=38% ]kd Oii`ld oi \xdl`ba \dzy`ld| sàa loe}bl} Xdbld

Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb b| |ooe b| xo||`jad }o zdabp }kd èiozfb}òe%

Lofxt}dz! @e}dzed}! bem Dfbà Blld||

Pot sàa kbyd blld|| }o lofxt}dz| bem }kd @e}dzed} b} }kd Yoate}ddz zd|otzld lde}dz b} }kd Xdbld Lozx| oii`ld

è \be No| oeld pot bzd |soze è b Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz% Pot sàa eo} kbyd blld|| }o }kd zd|otzld lde}dz

lofxt}dz| b| b }zbèdd% Fo|} Yoate}ddz| e }kd LPI xzondl} kbyd a`f`}dm blld|| }o lofxt}dz| b} }kd aolba lkàm

sdaibzd oii`ld +}kd`z lote}dzxbz} bcdelp% ]kd fbnoz`}p oi LPI bem LDM Yoate}ddz| kbyd sddgap! ì eo} mbàp!

blld|| }o @e}dzed} e }kd`z |`}d|% ZLM Yoate}ddz| cdedzbaap kbyd fozd a`f`}dm loffte`lb}òe ox}òe| bem

blld|| è }kd`z |`}d|% Jzècèc b xdz|oeba lofxt}dz }o Lo|}b Z`lb fbp èlzdb|d potz z`|g oi jdèc b y`l}`f oi

}kdi}% Edydz}kdad||! fo|} Yoate}ddz| jzèc abx}ox lofxt}dz| bem ièm }kdf t|dita ioz sozg! de}dz}bèfde}! bem

loffte`lb} oe xtzxo|d|% @i pot lkoo|d }o jzèc b abx}ox lofxt}dz! `} `| |}zoecap zdloffdemdm }kb} pot

xtzlkb|d xdz|oeba bz}`lad| e|tzbeld }o xzo}dl} potz|dai izof }kdi}% Skàd blld|| }o }kd @e}dzed} fbp jd a`f`}dm

è |ofd Yoate}ddz |`}d|! S`&I` blld|| `| bybàbjad }o Yoate}ddz| s`}k xdz|oeba lofxt}dz| e }kd Xdbld Lozx|oii`ld%

Kot|èc bem \`}d Aolb} òe

Ltzzde}ap! }kdzd bzd Yoate}ddz| è baa xbz}| oi }kd lote}zp> }kd Lde}zba Ybaadp! A`fe oe }kd Lbz`jjdbe lob|}!

Xte}bzdeb| oe }kd Xblì`l lob|}! b| ibz eoz}k b| Ao| Lkàd| edbz }kd E`lbzbctbe jozmdz! bem b| ibz |ot}k b| Xb|o

Lbeob| oe }kd Xbebf jozmdz% Skàd |`}d| ybzp è |`~d! la`fb}d! bem m`|}beld }o mose}ose \be No| +izof =8

fèt}d| }o 28 kotz| jp jt|! dblk kb| jdde xzd&|dadl}dm jp }kd Xdbld Lozx| è loe|ta}b}òe s`}k zdadybe} ko|}

lote}zp bcdel`d| ioz }kd`z xo}de}`ba }o oiidz b Yoate}ddz fdbeècita sozg oxxoz}te`}`d| loe|`|}de} s`}k }kd

xzondl} bem loffte`}p |txxoz}%

]kd xzoiàd oi }kd a`yèc loem`}òe| ybz`d| czdb}ap ioz }kd Yoate}ddz| è }kd mìidzde} xzondl}|% Yoate}ddz| è }kd

LPI xzondl} a`yd e tzjbe! |df`&tzjbe! bem ollb|òebaap ztzba loffte`}`d|% \ofd LPI |`}d| bzd loeydz}dm

|rtb}}dz |d}}adfde}| lofxo|dm oi b lofjèb}òe oi }è bem soom |kblg|! jt} fo|} |`}d| kbyd zdlde}ap jtà} }so&

oz }kzdd&zoof ldfde} jaolg jtàmèc| s`}k lozztcb}dm |}dda zooi|% Yoate}ddz| e |df`&tzjbe |`}d| kbyd blld||

y`b b |koz} jt| z`md }o |dzy`ld| |tlk b| jbeg|! xo|} oii`ld|! bem ko|x`}ba|%


18/52


Loffte`}p xzoiàd| ioz }kd LDM bem ]DIA xzondl}| bzd fozd a`gdap }o jd |df`&tzjbe }o |df`&ztzba +fozd }kbe

488 èkbj`}be}| }ose|% Bcbè! Yoate}ddz| è }kd|d |`}d| kbyd blld|| y`b b |koz} jt| z`md }o |dzy`ld| |tlk b|

jbeg|! xo|} oii`ld|! bem ko|x`}ba|%

ZLM Yoate}ddz| sàa a`yd e d{}zdfdap ztzba loffte`}`d| +cdedzbaap oi 488 oz idsdz ekbj`}be}|% Yoate}ddz|

è fozd ztzba bzdb| kbyd }o }bgd b aoecdz jt| z`md }o }kd edbzd|} abzcd }ose }o fbà ad}}dz|! t|d be B]F! blld||

}kd @e}dzed}! bem jtp coom| eo} bybàbjad è }kd`z |`}d%

Baa Yoate}ddz kot|d| kbyd loam zteeèc sb}dz bem dadl}z`l`}p! bem fo|} kbyd xkoed|% @e baa loffte`}`d|! pot

sàa ièm b lktzlk! b |lkooa! bem cdedzba |}ozd| +xtaxdzb| }kb} |daa |}bxad| |tlk b| z`ld! jablg jdbe|! }teb! |obx!

|oi} mzèg|! bem |eblg ioom%

Mtzèc }zbèèc! pot sàa a`yd s`}k b ibfàp |dadl}dm jp }kd }zbèèc |}bii è oed oi |dydzba }zbèèc

loffte`} d|% Potz a`yèc loem`}òe| è }zbèèc sàa a`gdap jd oi b k`ckdz |}bembzm }kbe }kb} oi potz kot|d è

potz |`}d%

Mtzèc potz i`z|} |`{ foe}k| oi |dzy`ld! pot bzd ba|o zdrt`zdm

]kd ibfàp s`}k skof pot |}bp `| a`gdap }o kbyd lkàmzde! bem }kd`z kofd sàa jd fomd|} è |`~d bem lofioz}%

Skàd }kd Xdbld Lozx| zdrtd|}| }kb} Yoate}ddz| jd c`yde }kd`z ose zoof! pot fbp ièm }kb} `}| sbaa| mo eo}

zdblk }kd ldàèc oz bzd ydzp }kè% ]kd loeldx} oi èm`y`mtba |xbld è Lo|}b Z`lb `| mìidzde} izof }kb} è }kd

Te`}dm \}b}d|% Skàd |ofd Yoate}ddz| ièm a`yèc s`}k b ibfàp izt|}zb}èc b} }`fd|! }kdp ba|o loeldmd }kb} `} `|

be dez`lkèc sbp }o d{xdz`deld b eds lta}tzd bem mdydaox be bsbzded|| oi `}| ybatd|%

}o a`yd s`}k b ibfàp è potz b||`cedm

loffte`}p% ]k`| xzofo}d| potz e}dczb}òe e}o }kd loffte }p! baaos| pot }o a`yd b| }kd fbnoz`}p oi Lo|}b

Z`lbe| mo! èlzdb|d| potz abectbcd |gàa|! bem kdax| de|tzd potz |bid}p bem |dltz`}p% ]kd ibfà`d| }o sk`lk potbzd b||`cedm bzd zdloffdemdm jp loffte`}p adbmdz| oz jp potz lote}dzxbz} bcdelp% ]kd|d ibfà`d| bzd

xzoy`mdm be oz`de}b}òe jp potz xzoczbf fbebcdz bem |ofd}`fd| b ltzzde}ap |dzyèc Yoate}ddz% Zdrtd|}| }o

a`yd èmdxdemde}ap bi}dz }kd i`z|} |`{ foe}k| b} |`}d bzd bxxzoydm oe b lb|d&jp&lb|d jb|`|! mdxdemèc oe

bybàbjad! biiozmbjad kot|èc }kb} fdd}| XL/Lo|}b Z`lb#| |bid}p bem |dltz`}p zdrt`zdfde}| bem jb|dm txoe }kd

adyda oi e}dczb}òe bem \xbe`|k loffte`lb}òe |gàa| }kb} b Yoate}ddz kb| blk`dydm%

Skàd pot sàa ièm fo|} Lo|}b Z`lbe xdoxad }o jd gèm bem coom! |ofd loffte`}p fdfjdz| fbp |}ztccad

s`}k b ybz`d}p oi xzojadf|! elatmèc |tj|}beld bjt|d bem balokoa`|f! aos elofd! |ècad xbzde}koom! lkàm

bjt|d! k`ck tedfxaopfde}! mdaèrtdelp! ablg oi ozcbe`~b}òe! d}l% ]kdzdiozd! potz |bid}p | b fbnoz loeldze!

bem pot sàa kbyd }o bmnt|} bem loeiozf }o mìidzde} eozf| oi jdkbyòz bem }bgd loe}ètba xzdlbt}òe| }o

fb{`f`~d potz |bid}p% ]kd Kdba}k Lbzd bem \bid}p lkbx}dz xzoy`md| fozd èiozfb}òe oe }k`| `fxoz}be} `||td%

A`yèc Baaosbeld b em Foed p Fbe bcdfd e}

Mtzèc xzd&|dzy`ld }zbèèc! }kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa oxde be dadl}zoe`l mdj`} bllote} +è loaoe| ioz pot b} Jbelo

Eblòeba! }o sk`lk pot lbe cbè blld|| izof bep oi }kd jbeg| bt}ofb}dm }daadz fblkèd| }kzotckot} }kdlote}zp +fo|} B]F lbzm| izof T%\% jbeg| lbe ba|o jd t|dm b} aolba jbeg|s`}k b |dzy`ld idd b| sdaa b| oe

aèd b} sss%jelz%i %lz% ]kd mdj`} lbzm lbe ba|o jd t|dm b} fo|} abzcdz jt|èd||d|% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| xbp| ko|}

ibfà`d| b |d} bfote} }o loydz potz ioom! aomcèc! bem abtemzp mtzèc }zbèèc bem mdxo|`}| b |fbaa sbag&

bzotem baaosbeld e potz bllote} ioz èl`mde}ba d{xde|d|%

Skde pot jdlofd b Yoate}ddz! }kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa jdcè mdxo|`}èc b a`yèc baaosbeld è potz bllote} dblk

foe}k! baoec s`}k b oed&}`fd |d}}aèc&è baaosbeld }o xtzlkb|d `}df| }o |d} tx potz kofd% ]kd bfote} oi }kd

a`yèc baaosbeld `| jb|dm oe be beetba lo|}&oi&a`yèc |tzydp oi ltzzde} Yoate}ddz| bem `| è}demdm }o loydz baa


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oi potz d||de}`ba d{xde|d|! èlatmèc zde}! aolba }zbyda! ioom! bem de}dz}bèfde}% Pot sàa edco}`b}d }kd zde} pot

xbp potz ko|} ibfàp t|èc ct`mdaèd| xzoy`mdm jp }kd Xdbld Lozx|%

@} `| `fxoz}be} }o fbè}bè b aìd|}pad |`fàbz }o }kb} oi }kd xdoxad s`}k skof pot a`yd bem sozg! |o pot mo eo}

eddm }o jzèc bmm`}òeba foedp% Edydz}kdad||! fbep Yoate}ddz| jzèc b} adb|} oed fbnoz lzdm`} lbzm è lb|d

}kdp eddm }o fbgd b fbnoz xdz|oeba xtzlkb|d oz ioz ot}&oi&lote}zp }zbyda% @i pot lkoo|d }o jzèc d{}zb foedp!

sd zdloffdem pot jzèc }zbydadz| lkdlg| oz oxde b aolba jbeg bllote} è moaabz| }o fè`f`~d }kd z`|g oi ao||oz }kdi}% Pot sàa ba|o bllztd -:= xdz foe}k oi Yoate}ddz |dzy`ld ioz b yblb}òe baaosbeld! mdxo|`}dm foe}kap

è potz bllote} e aolba ltzzdelp% \ofd Yoate}ddz| zdctabzap }zbe|idz }kd`z adbyd baaosbeld e}o b moaabz

bllote} }o xzdyde} ao||d| zd|ta}èc izof mdybatb}òe oi }kd aolba ltzzdelp%

Ioom bem M`d}

Mtzèc }zbèèc! pot sàa db} }kzdd }px`lba fdba| b mbp xzdxbzdm jp! bem }bgde s`}k! potz ko|} ibfàp% Pot bzd

}zdb}dm b| b fdfjdz oi }kd ibfàp! eo} b| b jobzmdz% B| |tlk! ibfà`d| bzd eo} d{xdl}dm }o xzdxbzd |xdl`ba fdba|

ioz pot% Oeld pot bzd b Yoate}ddz! pot lbe bzzbecd }o kbyd baa oz |ofd oi potz fdba| s`}k potz ko|} ibfàp oz

jtp bem xzdxbzd potz ose ioom%

]kd bybàbjà`}p oi izd|k izt`}| bem ydcd}bjad| mdxdem| oe }kd |db|oe bem }kd zdcòe è sk`lk pot sàa zd|`md%

Lo|}b Z`lbe| }dem }o db} ids czdde ydcd}bjad|! ibyozèc zoo} ydcd}bjad| +xo}b}od|! |sdd} xo}b}od|! lb||byb|!

d}l%% Yoate}ddz| |ofd}`fd| loffde} oe }kd ablg oi m`ydz|`}p e }kd aolba m`d}! sk`lk zda`d| kdbyàp oe z`ld bem

jdbe| bem |}bzlkp ioom| iz`dm è oà oz abzm% ]kd }zbèèc }dbf fdd}| s`}k dydzp ibfàp bem xzoy`md| b jz`di

oz`de}b}òe% Mtzèc }k`| oz`de}b}òe! }kd Xdbld Lozx| |}bii dfxkb|`~d| }o ibfà`d| }kd loeldze oi loogèc s`}k

}oo ftlk oà oz abzm% @e fo|} lb|d| }k`| bmy`ld `| ioaaosdm! jt} Xdbld Lozx| lbeeo} fbemb}d kos b ibfàp

|kotam loog% Zdfdfjdz! }k`| `| skp pot noèdm }kd Xdbld Lozx|7 }o è}dczb}d è}o b ibfàp bem loffte`}p!

a`yèc b| }kdp mo% Fbep ibfà`d| mo eo} db} b ao} oi fdb} jdlbt|d oi `}| k`ck lo|}% Ba}kotck edbzap bep |xdl`ba}p

ioom lbe jd xtzlkb|dm b} |txdzfbzgd}| è \be No|! }kd|d `fxoz}dm xzomtl}| bzd eo} xbz} oi }kd aolba m`d} bem

bzd sdaa jdpoem }kd dloeof`l fdbe| oi fo|} ko|} ibfà`d|%

@} `| zdab}`ydap db|p ioz ydcd}bz`be| }o fbè}bè }kd`z m`d} è Lo|}b Z`lb! |èld z`ld bem jdbe| bzd }kd |}bxad

ioom|% Kosdydz! Lo|}b Z`lbe| oi}de xzdxbzd }kd`z ydcd}bjad| s`}k fdb} oz è fdb} jzo}k! |o pot sàa kbyd }o

fbgd |xdl`ba bzzbecdfde}| }o fbè}bè b |}z`l}ap ydcd}bz`be m`d}% @e bmm`}òe! Yoate}ddz| |kotam eo} d{xdl}

ibfà`d| }o xtzlkb|d bmm`}òeba ioom| ot}|`md oi }kd`z eozfba xtzlkb|d| }o lofxde|b}d ioz potz db}èc

zdrt`zdfde}|%

]zbe|xoz}b}òe

Lo|}b Z`lb kb| be d{}de|`yd zobm |p|}df oi fozd }kbe 2;!988 fàd| +


20/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG2;

Yoate}ddz| bzd eo} baaosdm }o mz`yd fo}oz`~dm ydk`lad| d{ldx} mtzèc be oii`l`ba yblb}òe bem s`}k b yba`m

Lo|}b Z`lbe oz è}dzeb}òeba mz`ydz| a`lde|d% \ofd Yoate}ddz| zdrtd|} xdzf`||òe }o xtzlkb|d b j`lplad }o

iblà`}b}d }zbyda bzotem }kd`z |`}d|% Mdxdemèc oe bybàbjà`}p oi itemèc! }kd oii`ld sàa zd`fjtz|d bxxzoydm

j`lplad xtzlkb|d| tx }o bxxzo{`fb}dap -2]kd lob|}| bem aosabem| bzd ftlk ko}}dz! bydzbcèc 3: I b} e`ck} bem ;9 I mtzèc }kd mbp% Ba}kotck }k`| `| b

cdedzba md|lz`x}òe oi sdb}kdz xb}}dze|! dydz&lkbecèc la`fb}d lkbecd| loe}ètd }o biidl} Lo|}b Z`lb|

eozfba |db|oe|%

]zbèèc }bgd| xabld è |dydzba loffte`} d| è }kd Lde}zba Ybaadp! |o jd xzdxbzdm ioz sbzf mbp| bem looae`ck}|% Pot sàa eddm b sbzf nblgd} oz kdbyp |sdb}dz mtzèc }zbèèc! d|xdl`baap mtzèc }kd zbèp |db|oe! skde

}kd mbfxed|| bem sèm fbgd `} rt`}d lkàap% B jabegd} +db|àp xtzlkb|dm è Lo|}b Z`lb `| edld||bzp ioz

|addxèc! dyde b} aosdz ba}`}tmd|%

]kd la`fb}d b} potz it}tzd sozg|`}d sàa mdxdem oe skdzd pot bzd aolb}dm% Pot |kotam jd xzdxbzdm ioz b

aolb}òe }kb} | ydzp ko}! |ofdskb} looadz! oz bep}kèc e jd}sdde%

\ol`ba Bl}`y`}`d |

\èld potz b||`cefde} sàa de}bà sozgèc s`}k xdoxad! ftlk oi potz sozg }`fd sàa jd |xde} |ol`ba`~èc

bem cd}}èc }o geos loffte`}p fdfjdz| jp mzègèc b lbidl`}o +loiidd s`}k }kdf% ]k`| }`fd s`}k loffte`}p

fdfjdz| | fxoz}be} }o jtàm }kd }zt|} edld||bzp }o sozg diidl}`ydap s`}k }kdf% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| d{xdl}|

Yoate}ddz| }o |xdem fo|} dydeèc| bem sddgdem| sozgèc oz |ol`ba`~èc e }kd`z loffte`}p! d{ldx} skde }kdpsozg e beo}kdz loffte`}p oe è}dczb}dm xzoczbffèc diioz}|%

Fo|} Yoate}ddz| ldadjzb}d j`z}kmbp|! sdmmèc|! bem koa`mbp| s`}k }kd`z ko|} ibfà`d|% O}kdz bl}`y`}`d| mdxdem

oe }kd |`~d oi }kd loffte`}p% \fbaadz |`}d| kbyd bl}`y`}`d| b} }kd loffte`}p lde}dz! aolba |lkooa! |olldz i`dam!

bem lktzlkd|% Abzcdz loffte`}`d| fbp ba|o kbyd zd|}btzbe}|! b foy`d }kdb}dz! b mbeld kbaa oz m`|lo! bem

|xdl`ba lta}tzba bl}`y }`d|% Skde pot bzd è \be No|! pot sàa ièm b ybz`d}p oi foy`d }kdb}dz|! ft|`l bem

}kdb}dz xdziozfbeld|! bz} cbaadz`d|! ft|dtf|! bem |xoz}| dyde}|% @e bmm`}òe! pot bzd a`gdap }o m`|loydz xabld|

oi èlzdm`jad eb}tzba jdbt}p lao|d }o potz |`}d bem }kzotckot} }kd lote}zp%

Xzoid||òeba`|f! Mzd||! bem Jdkbyòz

B| b eoyda}p è potz loffte`}p! pot sàa jd eo}`ldm! bem potz mzd|| bem jdkbyòz sàa jd loffde}dm txoe%

]kdzdiozd! }o fè`f`~d bep teedld||bzp oj|}blad| e potz sozg bem xdz|oeba zdab}òe|! pot ft|} zd|xdl} aolbalta}tzba eozf|% ]o kdax de|tzd }kb} pot |dzyd b| b xo|`}`yd zoad fomda jp sozgèc è b xzoid||òeba bem d}k`lba

fbeedz! pot sàa jd b|gdm }o |`ce b loxp oi }kd Lomd oi Jdkbyòz}kb} coydze| }kd Xdbld Lozx| xzoczbf è

Lo|}b Z`lb%

Xdz|oeba bxxdbzbeld mda`ydz| b fd||bcd! skd}kdz e}demdm oz teè}demdm% B| e }kd Te`}dm \}b}d|! mzd||èc

bxxzoxz`b}dap bem xzoid||òebaap e Lo|}b Z`lb lbe dekbeld potz lzdm`jà`}p! |èld } zdiadl}| potz zd|xdl} ioz

}kd lt|}of| bem d{xdl}b}òe| oi }kd xdoxad s`}k skof pot a`yd bem sozg% @ebxxzoxz`b}d mzd||! a`gd


21/52


èbxxzoxz`b}d jdkbyòz! | |ofd}kèc }kb} lbe |d} pot teedld||bzàp bxbz} izof potz loffte`}p% Te}à pot

jdlofd sdaa&geose jp Lo|}b Z`lbe|! potz mzd|| sàa jd be `fxoz}be} èm`lb}oz }o }kdf% Izof }kd j`ccd|} l`}p

}o }kd zdfo}d|} yàabcd! pot sàa jd ntmcdm! d|xdl`baap è`}`baap! oe potz bxxdbzbeld%

Lo|}b Z`lbe| mzd|| ydzp edb}ap bem }bgd czdb} xz`md è aoogèc coom è xtja`l +d%c%! ladbe bem `zoedm lao}kd|!

xoa`|kdm |kod|! bem czoofdm kb`z! dyde oe èiozfba ollb|òe|% Mzd||èc mose `| eo} b loffoe

xkdeofdeoe! |èld |}b}t| | fdb|tzdm e xbz} jp bxxdbzbeld% Ioz d{bfxad! } fbp jd loeit|èc bem oiide|`ydioz }kdf }o |dd b z`lk Eoz}k Bfdz`lbe sdbz m`z}p cpf |kod| oz èiozfba ia`x&iaox| skde mzd||`dz |kod| bzd

bxxzoxz`b}d% Yoate}ddz| sàa cbè czdb}dz blldx}beld oi }kd`z mdb| jp sdbzèc }kd z`ck} ot}i`}! sk`lk cdedzbaap

fdbe| mzd||èc è b xzoid||òeba fbeedz +sd |tccd|} pot mzd|| kos oed sotam è }kd Te`}dm \}b}d| è b

|`fàbz |`}tb}òe% Ioz d{bfxad! è |lkooa|! Lo|}b Z`lbe sofde }dem }o sdbz |g`z}|! mzd||d|! oz xzd||dm xbe}|7

fde }dem }o sdbz loaabzdm |k`z}| s`}k xbe}|% B Yoate}ddz |kotam edydz co è}o b |lkooa/k`ck |lkooa oz oii`l`ba

lote}dzxbz} bcdelp oii`ld sdbzèc |koz}| oz ia`x&iaox|% Skde y`|`}èc s`}k ed`ckjoz|! kosdydz! pot lbe sdbz

lb|tba lao}kd|% Pot bzd d{xdl}dm }o oj|dzyd }kd|d ct`mdaèd| ioz mzd|| mtzèc xzd&|dzy`ld }zbèèc b| sdaa% Pot

bzd eo} lofèc }o Lo|}b Z`lb oe b lbfxèc }z`x7 pot bzd foyèc kdzd ioz }so pdbz| }o a`yd bem sozg b| b

mdydaoxfde} xzoid||òeba% Xadb|d jzèc jt|èd||&lb|tba lao}kd| ioz xzoid||òeba |d}}èc| bem lofioz}bjad

lb|tba lao}kd| ioz zdlzdb}òeba |d}}èc|%

@e fo|} bzdb| oi }kd lote}zp! |koz}| bzd blldx}bjad ioz moèc kot|dkoam lkozd|! zdlzdb}òeba oz |xoz}| bl}`y`}`d|!

bem |xdemèc ad`|tzd }`fd è potz loffte`}p% \koz}| fbp eo}

Xdz|oeba \bid} p

jd soze b} }kd Xdbld Lozx| oii`ld oz è o}kdz

xzoid||òeba|d}}èc| |tlk b| |lkooa|! potz lote}dzxbz}| oii`ld! d}l% +aoec ltao}}d| bzd blldx}bjad ioz sofde%

@e ko} bzdb|! sofde oi}de sdbz }beg }ox|! |temzd||d|! bem mzd||p |bemba| ioz sozg% Eo}d }kb} |xoz}/ot}mooz

|bemba| oi bep jzbem bzd eo} bxxzoxz`b}d ioz sozg |`}tb}òe| è be oii`ld oz |lkooa% Fde mo eo} }px`lbaap sdbz

|bemba| oi bep gèm%

Fozd md}bàdm eiozfb}òe bjot} }kd Xdbld Lozx| bxxzoblk }o |bid}p | loe}bèdm e }kd Kdba}k Lbzd bem

\bid}p lkbx}dz! jt} `} `| be `fxoz}be} `||td bem lbeeo} jd oydzdfxkb|`~dm% B| |}b}dm è }kd Yoate}ddz

Kbemjoog! jdlofèc b Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz de}bà| ldz}bè |bid}p z`|g|% A`yèc bem }zbydaèc e be

teibfà`bz dey`zoefde} +oi}de}`fd| baoed! kbyèc b a`f`}dm temdz|}bemèc oi aolba abectbcd bem lta}tzd! bemjdèc xdzld`ydm b| sdaa&oii bzd |ofd oi }kd ibl}oz| }kb} lbe xt} b Yoate}ddz b} z`|g% Fbep Yoate}ddz|

d{xdz`deld ybzpèc mdczdd| oi tesbe}dm b}}de}òe bem kbzb||fde}% Xd}}p }kdi}| bem jtzcabz`d| bzd eo}

teloffoe! bem el`mde}| oi xkp|`lba bem |d{tba b||bta} mo olltz! ba}kotck fo|} Lo|}b Z`lb Yoate}ddz|

lofxad}d }kd`z }so pdbz| oi |dzy`ld s`}kot} el`mde}% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| kb| d|}bja`|kdm xzoldmtzd| bem xoa`l`d|

md|`cedm }o kdax pot zdmtld potz z`|g| bem dekbeld potz |bid}p bem |dltz`}p% ]kd|d xzoldmtzd| bem xoa`l`d|! è

bmm`}òe }o |bid}p }zbèèc! sàa jd xzoy`mdm oeld pot bzz`yd è Lo|}b Z`lb% T|èc }kd|d }ooa|! pot bzd d{xdl}dm

}o }bgd zd|xoe|`jà`}p ioz potz |bid}p bem sdaa&jdèc%

Dblk |}bii fdfjdz b} }kd Xdbld Lozx| `| loff`}}dm }o xzoy`mèc Yoate}ddz| s`}k }kd |txxoz} }kdp eddm }o

|tlld||itaap fdd} }kd lkbaadecd| }kdp sàa ibld }o kbyd b |bid! kdba}kp! bem xzomtl}`yd |dzy`ld% Sd delotzbcd

Yoate}ddz| bem ibfà`d| }o aoog b} otz |bid}p bem |dltz`}p èiozfb}òe oe }kd Xdbld Lozx| sdj|`}d b}

sss%xdbldlozx|%coy/|bid}p%

@eiozfb}òe oe }kd|d xbcd| c`yd| fd||bcd| oe Yoate}ddz kdba}k bem Yoate}ddz |bid}p% ]kdzd | b |dl}òe }`}adm

\bid}p bem \dltz`}p è Mdx}k% Bfoec }ox`l| bmmzd||dm bzd }kd z`|g| oi |dzyèc b| b Yoate}ddz! xo|}| |bid}p

|txxoz} |p|}df|! bem dfdzcdelp xabeeèc bem loffte`lb}òe|%
http://www.peacecorps.gov/safetyhttp://www.peacecorps.gov/safetyhttp://www.peacecorps.gov/safety


22/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG:8

Zdsbzm| bem Izt|}zb}òe|

]kd Xdbld Lozx| `| eo} ioz dydzpoed% Pot sàa kbyd }o loxd s`}k }kd izt|}zb}òe| oi sozgèc è b eds lta}tzd

s`}k mìidzde} eozf| bem jdkbyòz|! bem xdzkbx| e`}`baap s`}k a`}}ad \xbe`|k% Pot fbp jd }db|dm jdlbt|d oi

potz mìidzdeld| izof Lo|}b Z`lbe|% Pot ft|} jd sàaèc }o a`yd s`}k b ibfàp! dyde }kotck `} fbp fbgd pot

idda loe}zoaadm jp potz ko|} xbzde}|% \èld b Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz| sozg oi}de d{}dem| jdpoem }kd kotz| oi

b |}bembzm sozgmbp! bem fbp èlatmd sddgdem|! pot fbp idda a`gd pot edydz adbyd potz sozg% Pot sàa sozg

s`}k coydzefde} dfxaopdd| sko bzd oi}de oydzsozgdm bem temdzbxxzdl`b}dm% ]kd sozg lbe jd fde}baap bem

xkp|`lbaap |}zd||ita jdlbt|d oi Lo|}b Z`lb| lofxad{ |ol`ba ||td|% Zd|otzld| fbp jd a`f`}dm bem iblà`}`d|

èbmdrtb}d% Pot sàa eddm }o kbyd xb}`deld bem ièm èedz zd|dzyd| oi |}zdec}k }o loe}ètd potz sozg s`}k

de}kt|`b|f bem mdydaox eds `mdb|% @e fo|} lb|d|! pot sàa |}ztl}tzd potz ose }`fd% Pot ft|} xo||d|| }kd |dai&

loei`mdeld bem y`|òe }o loe}ètd sozgèc }osbzm aoec&}dzf coba| s`}kot} basbp| |ddèc ffdm`b}d zd|ta}|%

Pot sàa ièm }kb} }kd gdp }o |b}`|ipèc sozg b| b Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz `| }kd bjà`}p }o d|}bja`|k |tlld||ita

zdab}òe|k`x| b} baa adyda| +s`}k potz ko|} ibfàp! loffte`}p fdfjdz| s`}k skof pot sozg! lote}dzxbz}

bcdel`d| bem |lkooa oii`l`ba|! bem idaaos Yoate}ddz|% Pot lbe d{xdl} Lo|}b Z`lbe| }o jd iz`demap bem! ioz }kd

fo|} xbz}! e}dzd|}dm e kbyèc pot e }kd`z loffte`}p% Pot sàa blrt`zd b |de|d oi bllofxa`|kfde} skde

|fbaa xzondl}| bzd diidl}`yd mtd }o potz diioz}|% @e bmm`}òe! blldx}beld e}o b iozd`ce lta}tzd bem blrt`|`}òe oi

b |dloem +oz dyde b }k`zm abectbcd bzd |`ceì`lbe} zdsbzm|% @i pot kbyd }kd xdz|oeba rtbaì`lb}òe| eddmdm }ofdd} }kd lkbaadecd| oi }so pdbz| oi |dzy`ld è Lo|}b Z`lb! pot sàa kbyd b zdsbzmèc! dez`lkèc! bem ab|}èc

d{xdz`deld% Pot sàa kbyd }kd |b}`|ibl} oe oi geosèc }kb} pot kbyd kbm b xo|`}`yd `fxbl} oe o}kdz xdoxad|

a`yd| skàd fbgèc ftlk&eddmdm loe}z`jt}òe| }o }kd coba| oi Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb% Ntmcèc jp }kd

d{xdz`deld oi iozfdz Yoate}ddz|! }kd zdsbzm| bzd sdaa soz}k }kd mìi`lta} }`fd|! bem fo|} Yoate}ddz| adbyd

Lo|}b Z`lb iddaèc }kb} }kdp cbèdm ftlk fozd }kbe }kdp |blzì`ldm mtzèc }kd`z |dzy`ld%


23/52


XDBLD LOZX\ ]ZB@E@EC

Oydzy`ds oi Xzd&\dzy`ld ]zbèèc

Txoe bzz`yba! pot sàa xbz}`l`xb}d e xzd&|dzy`ld }zbèèc +X\]! sk`lk loe|`|}| oi 28 sddg| oi è}de|`yd e&

lote}zp xzdxbzb}òe e i`yd fbnoz bzdb|> \xbe`|k abectbcd! }dlke`lba noj oz`de}b}òe! lzo||&lta}tzba bmbx}b}òe!

kdba}k! bem |bid}p bem |dltz`}p% ]k`| è}dczb}dm xzoczbf kb| jdde md|`cedm bzotem }kd lofxd}del d| pot sàaeddm }o jd |tlld||ita mtzèc potz |dzy`ld% ]o |sdbz è b| b Yoate}ddz! pot ft|} mdfoe|}zb}d }kb} pot kbyd

mdydaoxdm }kd geosadmcd! |gàa|! bem b}}`}tmd| edld||bzp }o fdd} |xdlì`l adbzeèc ojndl}`yd|% ]zbèèc |

mdfbemèc7 pot sàa kbyd |dydzba b||`cefde}|! }b|g|! zdbmèc|! i`dam y`|`}|! bem czotx xzondl}|% Xdbld Lozx|

dybatb}d| potz loff`}fde} bem xdziozfbeld }kzotckot} X\]%

Potz i`z|} X\] bl}`y`}p | b iotz&mbp oz`de}b}òe zd}zdb} ffdm`b}dap txoe bzz`yba e&lote}zp% Mtzèc }k`| zd}zdb}

pot sàa zdld`yd md}bàdm èiozfb}òe oe kos X\] `| lbzz`dm ot} +ltzz`ltatf! fd}komoaocp! rtbaì`lb}òe

lz`}dz`b! d}l% bem skb} pot lbe d{xdl} ioz }kd ioaaosèc 28 sddg| +oydzy`ds bem sddgap |lkdmtad|% Pot sàa

ba|o jd zdrt`zdm }o }bgd }kd Abectbcd Xzoi`l`delp @e}dzy`ds +AX@! b |}bembzm`~dm }d|} }o md}dzfèd potz adyda

oi xzoi`l`delp e \xbe`|k%

]o fo|} lao|dap b||`fàb}d }kd d{xdz`deld oi aìd bem sozg b| b Yoate}ddz! Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb t|d| bloffte`}p&jb|dm }zbèèc +LJ] fomda% Bi}dz }kd zd}zdb}! pot sàa jd |dxbzb}dm e}o |fbaa czotx| +iotz oz i`yd

}zbèdd| bllozmèc }o potz abectbcd adyda bem b||`cedm }o mìidzde} }zbèèc loffte`}`d| skdzd pot sàa a`yd

s`}k b ko|} ibfàp ioz }kd ioaaosèc 28 sddg|% ]kd d{xdz`deld e }kd }zbèèc loffte`}`d| sàa xzoy`md pot

s`}k be è}zomtl}òe }o Lo|}b Z`lbe aìd bem lta}tzd bem |kotam jd |dde b| b }zbe|`}òe }o }kd fozd lkbaadecèc

|`}d| }o sk`lk pot sàa jd b||`cedm ioz potz |dzy`ld%

LJ] baaos| pot }o loeizoe} bem mdydaox |}zb}dc`d| }o fbebcd sozg bem mbàp a`yèc lkbaadecd| è b zdba sozam

loe}d{}% Pot sàa a`yd! }zbè bem è}dczb}d e}o loffte`}`d|! mdydaox zdab}òe|k`x|! sozg s`}k loffte`}p

fdfjdz|! bem edco}`b}d mbp&}o&mbp e}dzbl}òe| e b eds lta}tzd bem abectbcd% ]kd kofd|}bp | oed oi }kd

fo|} ybatbjad b|xdl}| oi X\]% ]kzotck }k`| d{xdz`deld pot sàa d{xdz`deld Lo|}b Z`lbe lt|}of|! ybatd|!

zot}èd|! m`d}! bem ktfoz i`z|}kbem%

Mtzèc X\]! sd t|d bem fomda b xbz}`l`xb}ozp! d{xdz`de}`ba bxxzoblk }o adbzeèc! geose b| eoeiozfba

dmtlb}òe +EID! sk`lk pot bzd d{xdl}dm }o t|d s`}k loffte`}p fdfjdz|% ]kd EID fd}komoaocp kdax|

xdoxad jtàm oe }kd`z ose |}zdec}k|! }bgd lkbzcd oi }kd`z a`yd|! bem bmmzd|| }kd`z d{xzd||dm eddm|% @e }k`| sbp!

EID loe}z`jt}d| }o blk`dyd Xdbld Lozx| coba oi |t|}bèbjad mdydaoxfde}%

]zbèèc bl}`y`}`d| sàa loe|`|} oi |dai&m`zdl}dm adbzeèc bl}`y`} d|! kbem|&oe xzbl}`ld! czotx |d||òe|!

sozg|kox|! bem i`dam y`|`}|% ]kdzd sàa jd b lofjèb}òe oi èm`y`mtba! |fbaa czotx! bem abzcd czotx sozg% ]kd

}zbèèc ltzz`ltatf | ozcbe`~dm bzotem sddgap }kdfd| bem pot lbe d{xdl} }o lbzzp ot} |dydzba e}dczb}dm

bl}`y`}`d| dblk sddg% Bxxzo{`fb}dap oed mbp b sddg! pot sàa fdd} ioz }dlke`lba }zbèèc è b loffte`}p

iblà`}p s`}k }kd o}kdz }zbèdd| izof potz xzondl}% Ioz lozd |d||òe|! baa xzondl} czotx| sàa fdd} xdzòm`lbaap b}

b abzcdz }zbèèc ktj s`}k db|p blld|| izof baa }zbèèc loffte`}`d|%

Skàd }kd fbnoz`}p oi X\] bl}`y`}`d| }bgd xabld è }kd }zbèèc loffte`}`d|! }kdzd bzd ba|o }kzdd i`dam bl}`y`}`d|%

]kd i`z|} i`dam bl}`y`}p `| }kd XLY Y`|`}! mtzèc sk`lk dblk }zbèdd | b||`cedm }o oed Yoate}ddz% Pot sàa

}zbyda èmdxdemde}ap ioz b iotz&mbp y`|`} }o b ltzzde} Yoate}ddz |`}d }o cb}kdz i`z|}kbem geosadmcd oi }kd

Yoate}ddz aìd|}pad% ]kd |dloem i`dam bl}`y`}p | ]dlk Sddg! mtzèc sk`lk b |fbaa czotx oi }zbèdd| }zbyda| }o

oed Yoate}ddz#| |`}d% Pot sàa }zbyda s`}k potz xzondl} czotx ioz b i`yd&mbp y`|`} }o b Yoate}ddz |`}d }o xzbl}`ld

`fxadfde}èc bl}`y`}`d| zdab}dm }o potz xzondl}% ]kd }k`zm i`dam bl}`y`}p | }kd \`}d Y`|`}% ]k`| `| be èmdxdemde}


24/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG::

i`yd&mbp }z`x }o potz it}tzd |`}d }o fdd} potz lote}dzxbz} bem ko|} ibfàp! bem }o cd} blrtbè}dm s`}k }kd

loffte`}p%

Eo}d }o fbzz`dm lotxad|

]dlke`lba ]zbèèc

> @e ozmdz }o }bgd itaa bmybe}bcd oi xzd&|dzy`ld }zbèèc! lotxad| fbp jd |dxbzb}dm

mtzèc |xdlì`l }zbèèc dyde}| +d%c%! \xbe`|k lab||d|! }dlke`lba bl}`y`}`d|! y`|`}|! d}l%% ]o }kd mdczdd sd bzd bjad

}o }zdb} }kd lotxad b| }so em`y`mtba|! jp zd|xdl}èc }kd`z em`y`mtba adbzeèc |}pad|! xdz|oeba`}`d|! e}dzd|}|!

|}zdec}k|! lkbaadecd|! fo}`yb}òe! bem d{xdl}b}òe|! sd bzd jd|} bjad }o fdd} }kd ox}`fba }zbèèc bem |dzy`ldcoba| ioz dblk% @i b lotxad `| èy`}dm }o |dzyd è }so mìidzde} xzondl}|! dblk sàa a`yd è b mìidzde} loffte`}p

bem pot sàa jd baaosdm }o |xdem sddgdem| }ocd}kdz b} dblk o}kdz| zd|xdl}`yd ko|} ibfàp kofd% @i jo}k bzd

èy`}dm }o }kd |bfd xzondl}! jt} s`}k mìidzde} abectbcd adyda|! pot fbp jd bjad }o a`yd }ocd}kdz è }kd |bfd

loffte`}p bem oed oi pot sàa }zbyda mbàp }o beo}kdz loffte`}p ioz }kd bxxzoxz`b}d \xbe`|k lab||% Ba|o!

xadb|d eo}d }kb} skàd lotxad| sàa jd }zbydaèc }ocd}kdz ioz XLY bem |`}d y`|`}|! pot fbp jd |de} }o mìidzde}

aolb}òe| mtzèc ]dlk Sddg% Fb}tz`}p! iad{`jà`}p! bem b }ztd loff`}fde} }o }kd }zbèèc xzold|| | lz`}`lba }o b

lotxad| |tlld|| mtzèc }k`| }`fd%

]dlke`lba }zbèèc sàa xzdxbzd pot }o sozg è Lo|}b Z`lb jp jtàmèc oe }kd |gàa| pot bazdbmp kbyd bem

kdaxèc pot mdydaox eds |gàa| è b fbeedz bxxzoxz`b}d }o }kd eddm| oi }kd lote}zp% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| |}bii!Lo|}b Z`lb d{xdz}|! bem ltzzde} Yoate}ddz| sàa loemtl} }kd }zbèèc xzoczbf% ]zbèèc xabld| czdb} dfxkb|`|

oe adbzeèc kos }o }zbe|idz }kd |gàa| pot kbyd }o }kd loffte`}p è sk`lk pot sàa |dzyd b| b Yoate}ddz%

]dlke`lba }zbèèc sàa elatmd |d||òe| oe }kd cdedzba dloeof`l bem xoa`}`lba dey`zoefde} e Lo|}b Z`lbbem

|}zb}dc`d| ioz sozgèc s`}kè |tlk b izbfdsozg% Pot sàa zdy`ds potz }dlke`lba |dl}oz| coba| bem sàa fdd}

s`}k }kd Lo|}b Z`lbe bcdel`d| bem ozcbe`~b}òe| }kb} èy`}dm }kd Xdbld Lozx| }o b||`|} }kdf% Pot sàa jd

|txxoz}dm bem dybatb}dm }kzotckot} }kd }zbèèc }o jtàm }kd loei`mdeld bem |gàa| pot eddm }o temdz}bgd potz

xzondl} bl}`y`}`d| bem jd b xzomtl}`yd fdfjdz oi potz loffte`}p%

Dblk xzondl} bzdb kb| b |xdlì`l }dlke`lba }zbèèc ltzz`ltatf }o jd ioaaosdm jp baa }zbèdd|! zdcbzmad|| oi potz

xzòz xzoid||òeba d{xdz`deld% ]kdzd bzd ba|o lozd }dlke`lba |d||òe| }kb} bmmzd|| lzo||&|dl}ozba }kdfd| bem

bzd md|`cedm ioz }zbèdd| è baa }kzdd xzondl}|% ]kd coba oi }kd }dlke`lba }zbèèc xzoczbf `| eo} }o }tze pot è}obe d{xdz} è }kd i`dam! jt} }o b||`|} pot è temdz|}bemèc }kd loem`}òe| temdz sk`lk pot sàa sozg bem }kd

zd|otzld| pot sàa kbyd è Lo|}b Z`lb% @} sàa xzoy`md pot s`}k }kd jb|`l }ooa| }o b||`|} pot è potz i`z|} }kzdd

foe}k| oi |dzy`ld% Pot lbe d{xdl} potz }dlke`lba }zbèèc }o jd xbz}`l`xb}ozp! mpebf`l! bem }o zdrt`zd b czdb}

mdba oi |dai&ct`mdm |}tmp bem kbem|&oe xzbl}`ld%

Abectbcd ]zbèèc

B| b Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz! pot sàa ièm }kb} abectbcd |gàa| bzd gdp }o xdz|oeba bem xzoid||òeba |b}`|ibl}òe

mtzèc potz |dzy`ld% ]kd|d |gàa| bzd lz`}`lba }o potz noj xdziozfbeld! }kdp kdax pot è}dczb}d è}o potz

loffte`}p! bem }kdp lbe db|d potz xdz|oeba bmbx}b}òe }o }kd eds |tzzotemèc|% ]kdzdiozd! abectbcd }zbèèc

`| b} }kd kdbz} oi }kd }zbèèc xzoczbf% Pot ft|} |tlld||itaap fdd} fè`ftf abectbcd zdrt`zdfde}| }o

lofxad}d }zbèèc bem jdlofd b Yoate}ddz% Lo|}b Z`lbe abectbcd e|}ztl}oz| }dblk iozfba abectbcd lab||d|

i`yd mbp| b sddg è |fbaa czotx| oi iotz }o i`yd xdoxad%

Potz abectbcd }zbèèc sàa èlozxozb}d b loffte`}p&jb|dm bxxzoblk% @e bmm`}òe }o lab||zoof }`fd! pot sàa

jd c`yde b||`cefde}| }o sozg oe ot}|`md oi }kd lab||zoof bem s`}k potz ko|} ibfàp% ]kd coba `| }o cd} pot }o

b xoè} oi jb|`l |ol`ba loffte`lb}òe |gàa| |o pot lbe xzbl}`ld bem mdydaox abectbcd |gàa| itz}kdz oeld pot

bzd b} potz |`}d% Xzòz }o jdèc |soze è b| b Yoate}ddz! pot sàa sozg oe |}zb}dc`d| }o loe}ètd abectbcd

|}tm`d| mtzèc potz |dzy`ld%


25/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG:

@e&|dzy`ld }zbèèc> Xzoy`md| be oxxoz}te`}p ioz Yoate}ddz| }o txczbmd }kd`z }dlke`lba! abectbcd! bemxzondl} mdydaoxfde} |gàa| skàd |kbzèc }kd`z d{xdz`deld| bem zdbii`zfèc }kd`z loff`}fde} bi}dz kbyèc

|dzydm ioz }kzdd }o |`{ foe}k|%

F`m}dzf loeidzdeld+moed e loentel}òe s`}k }dlke`lba |dl}oz e&|dzy`ld>B||`|}| Yoate}ddz| è zdy`dsèc}kd`z i`z|} pdbz! zdb||d||èc }kd`z xdz|oeba bem xzondl} ojndl}`yd|! bem xabeeèc ioz }kd`z |dloem pdbz oi

|dzy`ld%

Lao|d&oi&|dzy`ld loeidzdeld> Xzdxbzd| Yoate}ddz| ioz }kd it}tzd bi}dz Xdbld Lozx| |dzy`ld bem zdy`ds|}kd`z zd|xdl}`yd xzondl}| bem xdz|oeba d{xdz`deld|%

]kd etfjdz! adec}k! bem md|`ce oi }kd|d }zbèèc| bzd bmbx}dm }o lote}zp&|xdlì`l eddm| bem loem`}òe|% ]kd

gdp }o }kd }zbèèc |p|}df | }kb} }zbèèc dyde}| bzd e}dczb}dm bem e}dzzdab}dm! izof }kd xzd&mdxbz}tzd

oz`de}b}òe }kzotck }kd dem oi potz |dzy`ld! bem bzd xabeedm! `fxadfde}dm! bem dybatb}dm looxdzb}`ydap jp }kd

}zbèèc |}bii! Xdbld Lozx| |}bii! bem Yoate}ddz|%


27/52


POTZ KDBA]K LBZD BEM

\BID]P @E LO\]B Z@LB

]kd Xdbld Lozx| k`ckd|} xzòz`}p | fbè}bèèc }kd coom kdba}k bem |bid}p oi dydzp Yoate}ddz% Xdbld Lozx|

fdm`lba xzoczbf| dfxkb|`~d }kd xzdyde}`yd! zb}kdz }kbe }kd ltzb}`yd! bxxzoblk }o m`|db|d% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| e

Lo|}b Z`lb fbè}bè| b laè`l s`}k b itaa&}`fd fdm`lba oii`ldz! sko }bgd| lbzd oi Yoate}ddz| xz`fbzp kdba}klbzd eddm|% Bmm`}òeba fdm`lba |dzy`ld|! |tlk b| }d|}èc bem jb|`l }zdb}fde}! bzd ba|o bybàbjad e Lo|}b Z`lb b}

aolba ko|x`}ba|% @i pot jdlofd |dzòt|ap aa! pot sàa jd }zbe|xoz}dm d`}kdz }o be Bfdz`lbe&|}bembzm fdm`lba

iblà`}p è }kd zdcòe oz }o }kd Te`}dm \}b}d|%

Kdba}k @||td| è Lo|}b Z`lb

Kdba}k loem`}òe| è Lo|}b Z`lb bzd }px`lba oi }ko|d iotem è }zox`lba lote}z`d|% Fo|} àaed||d| lbe jd byo`mdm

jp t|èc loffoe |de|d bem ioaaosèc jb|`l xzdyde}`yd fdb|tzd|% Jdlbt|d pot fbp jd |dzyèc è bzdb| skdzd

fbabz`b! b fo|rt`}o&jozed m`|db|d! `| xzdybade}! pot fbp jd xzoy`mdm s`}k bem zdrt`zdm }o }bgd be bxxzoydm

be}`&fbabz ba mztc mtzèc }kd de}`zd :3 foe}k| oi |dzy`ld% Oz! ì pot a`yd ot}`|md fbabz`b èidl}dm bzdb| bem

xabe }o y`|`} }kdf pot sàa jd d{xdl}dm }o }bgd }kd xzoy`mdm fdm`lb}òe b| è|}ztl}dm jp fdm`lba |}bii!

èlatmèc mtzèc }z`x| ot} oi }kd lote}zp% Ibàtzd }o lofxap s`}k Xdbld Lozx| zdctab}òe| zdcbzmèc fbabz`b

fdm`lb}òe `| czotem| ioz |dxbzb}òe izof }kd Xdbld Lozx|%

Ktf`m`}p bem kdb} xzofo}d }kd czos}k oi |gè èidl}òe|! sk`lk pot lbe kdax xzdyde} jp gddxèc potz jomp

ladbe bem mzp b| ftlk b| xo||`jad% Dey`zoefde}ba xoaat}òe! foam! bem xoaade iotem }kzotckot} }kd lote}zp

pdbz&zotem lbe bcczbyb}d d{`|}èc dey`zoefde}ba baadzc`d|% Xdbld Lozx| mod| eo} xzoy`md baadzcp }d|}èc% O}kdz

àaed||d| }kb} d{`|} e Lo|}b Z`lb bzd mdectd idydz! zbj`d|! }tjdzltao|`|! e}d|}èba xbzb|`}d|! kdxb}`} | B bem J!

bem |d{tbaap }zbe|f`}}dm eidl}òe| +\]@|! elatmèc K@Y/B@M\! bfoec o}kdz|%

Kdaxèc Pot \}bp Kdba}kp

]kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa xzoy`md pot s`}k baa }kd edld||bzp eoltab}òe|! fdm`lb}òe|! bem eiozfb}òe }o |}bp

kdba}kp% Txoe potz bzz`yba è Lo|}b Z`lb! pot sàa zdld`yd b fdm`lba kbemjoog% B} }kd dem oi }zbèèc! pot sàa

zdld`yd b fdm`lba g`} s`}k |txxa`d| }o }bgd lbzd oi fàm àaed||d| bem i`z|} b`m eddm|% ]kd loe}de}| oi }kd g`} bzda`|}dm ab}dz e }k`| lkbx}dz%

Mtzèc xzd&|dzy`ld }zbèèc! pot sàa kbyd blld|| }o jb|`l fdm`lba |txxa`d| }kzotck }kd fdm`lba oii`ldz%

Kosdydz! pot sàa jd zd|xoe|`jad ioz potz ose |txxap oi xzd|lz`x}òe mztc| bem bep o}kdz |xdlì`l fdm`lba

|txxa`d| pot zdrt`zd! b| }kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa eo} ozmdz }kd|d `}df| mtzèc }zbèèc% Xadb|d jzèc b }kzdd&foe}k

|txxap oi bep xzd|lz`x}òe mztc| pot t|d! |èld }kdp fbp eo} jd bybàbjad kdzd bem `} fbp }bgd |dydzba foe}k|

ioz |k`xfde}| }o bzz`yd%

Pot sàa kbyd xkp|`lba| b} f`m|dzy`ld bem b} }kd dem oi potz |dzy`ld% @i pot mdydaox b |dzòt| fdm`lba xzojadf

mtzèc potz |dzy`ld! }kd fdm`lba oii`ldz e Lo|}b Z`lb sàa loe|ta} s`}k }kd Oii`ld oi Fdm`lba \dzy`ld| e

Sb|kèc}oe! M%L% @i `} `| md}dzfèdm }kb} potz loem`}òe lbeeo} jd }zdb}dm è Lo|}b Z`lb! pot fbp jd |de} ot}

oi }kd lote}zp ioz itz}kdz dybatb}òe bem lbzd%

Fbè}bèèc Potz Kdba}k

B| b Yoate}ddz! pot ft|} blldx} loe|`mdzbjad zd|xoe|`jà`}p ioz potz ose kdba}k% Xzoxdz xzdlbt}òe| sàa

|`ceì`lbe}ap zdmtld potz z`|g oi |dzòt| àaed|| oz èntzp% ]kd bmbcd Be oteld oi xzdyde}òe jdlofd|

d{}zdfdap fxoz}be} e bzdb| skdzd m`bceo|}`l bem }zdb}fde} iblà`}`d| bzd eo} tx }o }kd |}bembzm| oi }kd Te`}dm

\}b}d|% ]kd fo|} fxoz}be} oi potz zd|xoe|`jà`}`d| e Lo|}b Z`lb | }o }bgd }kd ioaaosèc xzdyde}`yd fdb|tzd|>


28/52


Joàèc oz }zdb}èc mzègèc sb}dz

Sb|kèc izt`}| bem ydcd}bjad| s`}k |obx bem sb}dz

Zdld`yèc bem }bgèc }kd edld||bzp xzoxkpab{`|

Jp ioaaosèc }kd|d xzdyde}`yd fdb|tzd| pot sàa fè`f`~d potz lkbeld| oi loe}zbl}èc ioom xo`|oeèc!

xbzb|`}`l eidl}òe|! kdxb}`} | B! mp|de}dzp! }bxdsozf|! bem }pxko`m idydz% Potz fdm`lba oii`ldz sàa m`|lt|||xdlì`l |}bembzm| ioz sb}dz bem ioom xzdxbzb}òe e Lo|}b Z`lb mtzèc xzd&|dzy`ld }zbèèc%

Bj|}èdeld `| }kd oeap ldz}bè lko`ld ioz xzdyde}èc èidl}òe s`}k K@Y bem o}kdz \]@|% Pot bzd }bgèc z`|g| ì

pot lkoo|d }o jd |d{tbaap bl}`yd% ]o ad||de z`|g! t|d b loemof dydzp }`fd pot kbyd |d{% Skd}kdz potz xbz}edz

`| b ko|} lote}zp eb}òeba! b idaaos Yoate}ddz! oz bepoed da|d! mo eo} b||tfd oz }bgd k`| oz kdz sozm }kb} }k`|

xdz|oe `| izdd oi K@Y/B@M\ oz o}kdz \]@|%

@i Yoate}ddz| bzd |d{tbaap bl}`yd! pot bzd d{xdl}dm }o bmkdzd }o be diidl}`yd fdbe| oi j`z}k loe}zoa }o xzdyde}

be texabeedm xzdcebelp% Potz fdm`lba oii`ldz lbe kdax pot mdl`md oe }kd fo|} bxxzoxz`b}d fd}kom }o |t`}

potz em`y`mtba eddm|% Ldz}bè +jt} eo} baa loe}zbldx}`yd fd}kom| bzd bybàbjad s`}kot} lkbzcd izof }kd

fdm`lba oii`ld%

B fbad Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz sko ib}kdz| b lkàm ot} oi sdmaolg fbp jd bmfè`|}zb}`ydap |dxbzb}dm ì }kd

lote}zp m`zdl}oz md}dzfèd| }kb} }kd Yoate}ddz| bl}òe kb| fxb`zdm k`| bjà`}p }o xdziozf k`| b||`cefde} oz

kb| yòab}dm aolba abs| oz lt|}of|% Xdbld Lozx| sàa xbp }kd xzdeb}ba! mda`ydzp! bem xo|}xbz}tf lo|}| ioz b eoe&

Yoate}ddz |xot|d oz tefbzz`dm xbz}edz oeap i }kd Yoate}ddz kb| }bgde bl}òe }o blgeosadmcd xb}dze`}p oi }kd

lkàm bem oeap ioz lo|}| èltzzdm skàd }kd }zbèdd oz Yoate}ddz `| è |dzy`ld% Xb}dze`}p adc`|ab}òe è Lo|}b Z`lb

|}b}d| }kb} MEB }d|}èc `| fbemb}ozp skde b sofbe lab`f| b fbe `| }kd ib}kdz oi kdz lkàm% @i }kd }d|}

d|}bja`|kd| xb}dze`}p! }kd ib}kdz bt}ofb}`lbaap ft|} xbp lkàm |txxoz}7 ì kd mod| eo} lofxap! kd lbe jd nbàdm%

@} `| lz`}`lba }o potz kdba}k }kb} pot xzofx}ap zdxoz} }o }kd fdm`lba oii`ld ioz |lkdmtadm `ffte ~b}òe|! bem }kb}

pot ad} }kd fdm`lba oii`ldz| geos ffdm`b}dap oi |`ceì`lbe} aaed||d| bem entz`d|%

Sofde| Kdba}k @eiozfb}òe

Xzdcebelp | }zdb}dm e }kd |bfd fbeedz b| o}kdz Yoate}ddz kdba}k loem`}òe| }kb} zdrt`zd fdm`lba b}}de}òe jt}

ba|o kbyd xzoczbffb}`l zbfì`lb}òe|% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| | zd|xoe|`jad ioz md}dzfèèc }kd fdm`lba z`|g bem }kd

bybàbjà`}p oi bxxzoxz`b}d fdm`lba lbzd i }kd Yoate}ddz zdfbè| e&lote}zp% C`yde }kd l`zltf|}beld| temdz

sk`lk Yoate}ddz| a`yd bem sozg è Xdbld Lozx| lote}z`d|! `} `| zbzd }kb} }kd Xdbld Lozx| fdm`lba bem

xzoczbffb} l |}bembzm| ioz loe}ètdm |dzy`ld mtzèc xzdcebelp lbe jd fd}%

@i idfèèd kpc`ded xzomtl}| bzd eo} bybàbjad ioz pot }o xtzlkb|d oe }kd aolba fbzgd}! }kd Xdbld Lozx|

fdm`lba oii`ldz è Lo|}b Z`lb sàa xzoy`md }kdf% @i pot zdrt`zd b |xdlì`l xzomtl}! xadb|d jzèc b }kzdd&foe}k

|txxap s`}k pot%

Potz Xdbld Loz x| Fdm`lb a G }

]kd Xdbld Lozx| fdm`lba oii`ldz sàa xzoy`md pot s`}k b g`} }kb} loe}bè| jb|`l `}df| edld||bzp }o xzdyde} bem

}zdb} aaed||d| }kb} fbp olltz mtzèc |dzy`ld% G`} }df| lbe jd xdzòm`lbaap zd|}olgdm b} }kd fdm`lba oii`ld%

Fdm`lb a G } Loe} de} |

Bld jbembcd|


29/52


Bmkd|`yd }bxd

Bfdz`lbe Zdm Lzo|| I`z|} B`m ) \bid}p Kbemjoog

Be}bl`m }bjad}| +]tf|

Be}`jò}`l oè}fde} +Jbl`}zblè/Edofplè/Xoapfplè J

Be}`|dx}`l be}`f`lzoj ba |gè ladbedz +K`j`lade|

Jbem&B`m|

Jt}}dziap lao|tzd|

Lbabfèd ao}òe

Ldxbloa ao~decd|

Loemof|

Mde}ba iao||

M`xkdekpmzbfèd KLA :4 fc +Jdebmzpa

@e|dl} zdxdaade} |}`lg +Lt}}dz|

@omèd }bjad}| +ioz sb}dz xtzì`lb}òe

A`x jbaf +Lkbx|}`lgOzba zdkpmzb}òe |ba}|

Ozba }kdzfofd}dz +Ibkzdekd`}

X|dtmodxkdmzèd KLA B Fdm`lba Lkdlga`|}

@i }kdzd kb| jdde bep lkbecd e potz kdba}kxkp|`lba! fde}ba! oz mde}ba|èld pot |tjf`}}dm potz

d{bfèb}òe zdxoz}| }o }kd Xdbld Lozx|! pot ft|} `ffdm`b}dap eo}ìp }kd Oii`ld oi Fdm`lba \dzy`ld|% Ibàtzd

}o m`|lao|d eds aaed||d|! entz`d|! baadzc`d|! oz xzdcebelp lbe dembecdz potz kdba}k bem fbp ndoxbzm`~d potz

da`c`jà`}p }o |dzyd%

@i potz mde}ba d{bf sb| moed fozd }kbe b pdbz bco! oz ì potz xkp|`lba d{bf `| fozd }kbe }so pdbz| oam!

loe}bl} }kd Oii`ld oi Fdm`lba \dzy`ld| }o ièm ot} skd}kdz pot eddm }o txmb}d potz zdlozm|% @i potz mde}`|} oz

Xdbld Lozx| mde}ba loe|ta}be} kb| zdloffdemdm }kb} pot temdzco mde}ba }zdb}fde} oz zdxb`z! pot ft|}

lofxad}d }kb} sozg bem fbgd |tzd potz mde}`|} |dem| zdrtd|}dm loei`zfb}òe zdxoz}| oz [&zbp| }o }kd Oii`ld oi

Fdm`lba \dzy`ld|%

@i pot s`|k }o byo`m kbyèc mtxa`lb}d ybllèb}òe|! loe}bl} potz xkp|`l`be| oii`ld }o oj}bè b loxp oi potz

`ffte`~b}òe zdlozm bem jzèc } }o potz xzd&mdxbz}tzd oz`de}b}òe% @i pot kbyd bep ffte`~b} oe| xzòz }o

Xdbld Lozx| |dzy`ld! }kd Xdbld Lozx| lbeeo} zd`fjtz|d pot ioz }kd lo|}% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa xzoy`md baa }kd

`ffte`~b}òe| edld||bzp ioz potz oydz|db| b||`cefde}! d`}kdz b} potz xzd&mdxbz}tzd oz`de}b}òe oz |koz}ap bi}dz

pot bzz`yd è Lo|}b Z`lb% Pot mo eo} eddm }o jdcè }bgèc fbabz`b fdm`lb}òe xzòz }o mdxbz}tzd%


30/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG:;

Jzèc b }kzdd&foe}k |txxap oi bep xzd|lz`x}òe oz oydz&}kd&lote}dz fdm`lb}òe pot t|d oe b zdctabz jb|`|!

èlatmèc j`z}k loe}zoa xàa|% Ba}kotck }kd Xdbld Lozx| lbeeo} zd`fjtz|d pot ioz }k`| }kzdd&foe}k |txxap! }

sàa ozmdz zdiàa| mtzèc potz |dzy`ld% Skàd bsb`}èc |k`xfde}sk`lk lbe }bgd |dydzba foe}k|pot sàa jd

mdxdemde} oe potz ose fdm`lb}òe |txxap% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa eo} xbp ioz kdzjba oz eoexzd|lz`jdm

fdm`lb}òe|! |tlk b| \}% Noke| soz}! catlo|bfèd! |dade`tf! oz be}ò{`mbe} |txxadfde}|%

Pot bzd delotzbcdm }o jzèc lox`d| oi fdm`lba xzd|lz`x}òe| |`cedm jp potz xkp|`l`be% ]k`| `| eo} bzdrt`zdfde}! jt} }kdp f`ck} lofd è kbemp ì pot bzd rtd|}òedm è }zbe|`} bjot} lbzzpèc b }kzdd&foe}k |txxap

oi xzd|lz`x}òe mztc|%

@i pot sdbz dpdcab||d|! jzèc }so xb`z| s`}k potb xb`z bem b |xbzd% @i b xb`z jzdbg|! }kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa

zdxabld }kdf! t|èc }kd eiozfb}òe potz mol}oz è }kd Te`}dm \}b}d| xzoy`mdm oe }kd dpdcab||d| iozf mtzèc

potz d{bfèb}òe% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| m`|lotzbcd| pot izof t|èc loe}bl} ade|d| mtzèc potz |dzy`ld }o zdmtld

potz z`|g oi mdydaoxèc b |dzòt| èidl}òe oz o}kdz dpd m`|db|d% Fo|} Xdbld Lozx| lote}z`d| mo eo} kbyd

bxxzoxz`b}d sb}dz bem |be`}b}òe }o |txxoz} dpd lbzd s`}k }kd t|d oi loe}bl} ade|d|% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa eo}

|txxap oz zdxabld loe}bl} ade|d| oz b||ol`b}dm |oat}òe| tead|| be oxk}kbafoaoc`|} kb| zdloffdemdm }kd`z t|d

ioz b |xdlì`l fdm`lba loem`}òe bem }kd Xdbld Lozx| Oii`ld oi Fdm`lba \dzy`ld| kb| c`yde bxxzoyba%

@i pot bzd da`c`jad ioz Fdm`lbzd! bzd oydz 48 pdbz| oi bcd! oz kbyd b kdba}k loem`}òe }kb} fbp zd|}z`l} potz

it}tzd xbz}`l`xb}òe e kdba}k lbzd xabe|! pot fbp s`|k }o loe|ta} be e|tzbeld |xdl`ba`|} bjot} te`rtd loydzbcd

eddm| jdiozd potz mdxbz}tzd% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| sàa xzoy`md baa edld||bzp kdba}k lbzd izof }kd }`fd pot adbyd

ioz potz xzd&mdxbz}tzd oz`de}b}òe te}à pot lofxad}d potz |dzy`ld% Skde pot iè`|k! pot sàa jd de}`}adm }o }kd

xo|}&|dzy`ld kdba}k lbzd jdedi`}| md|lz`jdm e }kd Xdbld Lozx| Yoate}ddz Kbemjoog% Pot fbp s`|k }o loe|`mdz

gddxèc be d{`|}èc kdba}k xabe è diidl} mtzèc potz |dzy`ld ì pot }kèg bcd oz xzd&d{`|}èc loem`}òe| f`ck}

xzdyde} pot izof zd&dezoaaèc è potz ltzzde} xabe skde pot zd}tze kofd%


31/52


\bid }p be m \dltz`} pOtz Xbz }e d z|k`x

\dzyèc b| b Yoate}ddz oydz|db| de}bà| ldz}bè |bid}p bem |dltz`}p z`|g|% A`yèc bem }zbydaèc e be teibfà`bz

dey`zoefde}! b a`f`}dm temdz|}bemèc oi }kd aolba abectbcd bem lta}tzd! bem }kd xdzldx}òe oi jdèc b sdba}kp

Bfdz`lbe bzd |ofd oi }kd ibl}oz| }kb} lbe xt} b Yoate}ddz b} z`|g% Xzoxdz}p }kdi} bem jtzcabz`d| bzd eo}

teloffoe% @el`mde}| oi xkp|`lba bem |d{tba b||bta} mo olltz! ba}kotck bafo|} baa Yoate}ddz| lofxad}d }kd`z

}so pdbz| oi |dzy`ld s`}kot} |dzòt| xdz|oeba |bid}p xzojadf|%

Jdpoem geosèc }kb} Xdbld Lozx| bxxzoblkd| |bid}p bem |dltz`}p b| b xbz}edz|k`x s`}k pot! `} f`ck} jd kdaxita

}o |dd kos }k`| xbz}edz|k`x sozg|% Xdbld Lozx| kb| xoa`l`d|! xzoldmtzd|! bem }zbèèc è xabld }o xzofo}d potz

|bid}p% Sd mdxdem oe pot }o ioaaos }ko|d xoa`l`d| bem }o xt} è}o xzbl}`ld skb} pot kbyd adbzedm% Be d{bfxad

oi kos }k`| sozg| è xzbl}`ldè }k`| lb|d }o kdax fbebcd }kd z`|g oi jtzcabzp`|>

Xdbld Lozx| b||d||d| }kd |dltz`}p dey`zoefde} skdzd pot sàa a`yd bem sozg Xdbld Lozx| e|xdl}| }kd kot|d skdzd pot sàa a`yd bllozmèc }o d|}bja`|kdm |dltz`}p lz`}dz`b Xdbld Lozx xzoy`md| pot s`}k zd|otzld| }o }bgd fdb|tzd| |tlk b| è|}baaèc eds aolg| Xdbld Lozx| de|tzd| pot bzd sdalofdm jp ko|} lote}zp bt}koz`}`d| è potz eds loffte`}p Xdbld Lozx| zd|xoem| }o |dltz`}p loeldze| }kb} pot zb`|d Pot aolg potz mooz| bem sèmos| Pot bmox} b aìd|}pad bxxzoxz`b}d }o }kd loffte`}p skdzd pot a`yd Pot cd} }o geos ed`ckjoz| Pot mdl`md i xtzlkb|èc xdz|oeba bz}`lad| e|tzbeld | bxxzoxz`b}d ioz pot Pot moe} lkbecd zd|`mdeld| jdiozd jdèc bt}koz`~dm jp Xdbld Lozx| Pot loffte`lb}d loeldze| }kb} pot kbyd }o Xdbld Lozx| |}bii

]k`| Sdalofd Joogloe}bè| |dl}òe| oe> A`yèc Loem`}òe| bem Yoate}ddz Aìd|}pad7 Xdbld Lozx| ]zbèèc7

bem Potz Kdba}k Lbzd bem \bid}p }kb} baa elatmd fxoz}be} |bid}p bem |dltz`}p eiozfb}òe }o kdax pot

temdz|}bem }k`| xbz}edz|k`x% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| fbgd| dydzp diioz} }o c`yd Yoate}ddz| }kd }ooa| }kdp eddm }o

itel}òe è }kd |bid|} sbp xo||`jad! jdlbt|d sozgèc }o fb{`f`~d }kd |bid}p bem |dltz`}p oi Yoate}ddz| `| otz

k`ckd|} xzòz`}p% Eo} oeap mo sd xzoy`md pot s`}k }zbèèc bem }ooa| }o xzdxbzd ioz }kd ted{xdl}dm! jt} sd

}dblk pot }o `mde}ìp! zdmtld! bem fbebcd }kd z`|g| pot fbp delote}dz%

Ibl}oz| }kb} Loe}z`jt} d } o Yoate}dd z Z`|g

]kdzd bzd |dydzba ibl}oz| }kb} lbe kd`ck}de b Yoate}ddz| z`|g! fbep oi sk`lk bzd s`}kè }kd Yoate}ddz|

loe}zoa% Jp ibz }kd fo|} loffoe lz`fd }kb} Yoate}ddz| d{xdz`deld | }kdi}% ]kdi}| oi}de olltz skde

Yoate}ddz| bzd bsbp izof }kd`z |`}d|! e lzosmdm aolb}òe| +|tlk b| fbzgd}| oz oe xtja`l }zbe|xoz}b}òe! bem

skde adbyèc }df| teb}}demdm%

Jdiozd pot mdxbz} ioz Lo|}b Z`lb }kdzd bzd |dydzba fdb|tzd| pot lbe }bgd }o zdmtld potz z`|g>

o Adbyd ybatbjad ojndl}| e T%\%o Adbyd lox`d| oi `fxoz}be} moltfde}| bem bllote} etfjdz| s`}k |ofdoed pot }zt|} è }kd T%\% Xtzlkb|d b k`mmde foedp xotlk oz*mtffp* sbaad} b| b mdlopo Xtzlkb|d xdz|oeba bz}`lad| e|tzbeld


32/52

XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG

Lkoo|d |bid zot}d| bem }`fd| ioz }zbyda! bem }zbyda s`}k |ofdoed }zt|}dm jp }kd loffte`}p skdedydzxo||`jad

Fbgd |tzd oed| xdz|oeba bxxdbzbeld | zd|xdl}ita oi aolba lt|}of| Byo`m k`ck&lz`fd bzdb| Geos }kd aolba abectbcd }o cd} kdax è be dfdzcdelp Fbgd iz`dem| s`}k aolba xdoxad sko bzd zd|xdl}dm e }kd loffte`}p A`f`} balokoa loe|tfx}òe

B| pot lbe |dd izof }k`| a`|}! pot ft|} jd sàaèc }o sozg kbzm bem bmbx} potz aìd|}pad }o fè`f`~d }kd

xo}de}`ba ioz jdèc b }bzcd} ioz lz`fd% B| s`}k bepskdzd è }kd sozam! lz`fd mod| d{`|} è Lo|}b Z`lb% Pot lbe

zdmtld potz z`|g jp byo`mèc |`}tb}òe| }kb} xabld pot b} z`|g bem jp }bgèc xzdlbt}òe|% Lz`fd b} }kd yàabcd oz}ose adyda `| ad|| izdrtde} }kbe è }kd abzcd l`}`d|7 xdoxad geos dblk o}kdz bem cdedzbaap bzd ad|| a`gdap }o |}dba

izof }kd`z ed`ckjoz|% ]otz`|} b}}zbl}òe| e abzcd }ose| bzd ibyoz`}d sozg|`}d| ioz x`lgxolgd}|%

]kd ioaaosèc bzd o}kdz |dltz`}p loeldze| è Lo|}b Z`lb oi sk`lk pot |kotam jd bsbzd>

]kd T%\% Mdxbz}fde} oi \}b}d ltzzde}ap loe|`mdz| }kd lz`fd zb}d è Lo|}b Z`lb k`ck% Skàd loffoe lz`fèba

bl}`y`}p `| |`fàbz }o skb} `| iotem è bep abzcd T%\% l`}p! }kdzd bzd lz`fèba bl}`y }`d| }kb} bzd xbz}`ltabz }o

Lo|}b Z`lb% Lz`fèba| izdrtde}ap xzdp oe }otz`|}| }kzotck |}zdd} |lbf|! B]F }kdi}|! bem zojjdzp oe xtja`l

jt|d|% Lzdm`} lbzm izbtm oz etfjdz| |g`ffèc `| loffoe% Etfjdz| |g`ffèc `| }kd }kdi} oi }kd èiozfb}òe

loe}bèdm è }kd fbced}`l |}z`x oe }kd jblg|`md oi }kd lzdm`} lbzm% ]kd }kdi} oi }kd èiozfb}òe olltz| skde b

lz`fèba |s`xd| }kd lbzm }kzotck b fblkèd }kb} |}ozd| baa }kd eiozfb}òe% S`}k }k`| eiozfb}òe }kd lz`fèba

lbe lkbzcd }df| }o }kd te|t|xdl}èc y`l}`f| lzdm`} lbzm% Oeap skde }kd foe}kap eyo`ld bzz`yd| mod| }kdy`l}`f zdba`~d }kb} kd oz |kd kb| jdde |sèmadm% Yoate}ddz| sko lkoo|d }o t|d }kd`z lzdm`} lbzm| |kotam

lbzditaap foe`}oz }kd`z zdlozm| bem izdrtde}ap lkdlg }kd`z lzdm`} lbzm bllote}|% Yoate}ddz| |kotam byo`m t|d oi

mdj`} lbzm| ioz xoè}&oi&|bad xtzlkb|d|%

Xoa` } `lba Yòadeld

Lo|}b Z`lb | }kd Lde}zba Bfdz`lbe lote}zp s`}k }kd aoecd|} k`|}ozp oi mdfolzblp% @em`cdeot| }dzzoz`|}

ozcbe`~b}òe| bzd eoed{`|}de}% ]kdzd | eo geose ozcbe`~b}òe }bzcd}èc T%\% l`}`~de| oz T%\%&biià`b}dm

è}dzd|}| e Lo|}b Z`lb% Abjoz |}z`gd| bem xzo}d|}| bzd loffoe e Lo|}b Z`lb% Skàd eozfbaap xdbldita! baa

xzo}d|}| bem mdfoe|}zb}òe| |kotam jd byo`mdm%

Eb}tzba M`|b|}dz|

Lo|}b Z`lb a`d| s`}kè be bl}`yd dbz}krtbgd ~oed! bem xdzòm`lbaap d{xdz`deld| |`ceì`lbe} }zdfoz|% ]kd ab|}dbz}krtbgd! fdb|tzdm b} 9%: oe }kd Z`lk}dz |lbad! }o lbt|d |`ceì`lbe} mbfbcd }o Lo|}b Z`lb| eizb|}ztl}tzd

olltzzdm è Nbetbzp :880 edbz \be No|% @e ab}d :88=! be dbz}krtbgd zdc`|}dzdm 9%:! bem è Mdldfjdz :884!

beo}kdz dbz}krtbgd zdc`|}dzdm 4%2% Lo|}b Z`lb | ba|o b f`lzo&la`fb}d! bem Yoate}ddz| sko s`|k }o }zbyda

|kotam lkdlg }kd xzondl}dm zbèibaa bfote}| ioz }kd bzdb è Lo|}b Z`lb }kdp è}dem }o y`|`}% Iaoomèc fbp olltz

bzotem }kd xoz} l`}p oi A`foe oz o}kdz aosdz&dadyb}òe bzdb| oi Lo|}b Z`lb b} bep }`fd! zdcbzmad|| oi }`fd oi

pdbz bem xzondl}dm zbèibaa bfote} e b xbz}`ltabz zdcòe%


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XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG Moe} Jd b ]bz cd} ioz Lz`fd

Pot ft|} jd xzdxbzdm }o }bgd oe b abzcd mdczdd oi zd|xoe|`jà`}p ioz potz ose |bid}p% Pot lbe fbgd potz|dai

ad|| oi b }bzcd}! de|tzd }kb} potz kofd `| |dltzd! bem mdydaox zdab}òe|k`x| è potz loffte`}p }kb} sàa fbgd

pot be tea`gdap y`l}`f oi lz`fd% Skàd }kd ibl}oz| }kb} loe}z`jt}d }o potz z`|g è Lo|}b Z`lb fbp jd mìidzde}!è fbep sbp| pot lbe mo skb} pot sotam mo ì pot foydm }o b eds l`}p bepskdzd> Jd lbt}òt|! lkdlg }kèc|

ot}! b|g rtd|}òe|! adbze bjot} potz ed`ckjozkoom! geos skdzd }kd fozd z`|gp aolb}òe| bzd! t|d loffoe

|de|d! bem jd bsbzd%Pot lbe zdmtld potz ytaedzbjà`}p }o lz`fd jp è}dczb}èc è}o potz loffte`}p! adbzeèc

}kd aolba abectbcd! bl}èc zd|xoe|`jap! bem bj`mèc jp Xdbld Lozx| xoa`l`d| bem xzoldmtzd|% \dzyèc |bidap bem

diidl}`ydap e Lo|}b Z`lb sàa zdrt`zd }kb} pot blldx} |ofd zd|}z`l}òe| oe potz ltzzde} aìd|}pad%

\txxoz} iz of \}bii

@i b }zbèdd oz Yoate}ddz `| }kd y`l}`f oi b |bid}p èl`mde}! Xdbld Lozx| |}bii `| xzdxbzdm }o xzoy`md |txxoz}% Baa

Xdbld Lozx| xo|}| kbyd xzoldmtzd| e xabld }o zd|xoem }o el`mde}| oi lz`fd loff`}}dm bcbè|} Yoate}ddz|%

]kd i`z|} xzòz`}p ioz baa xo|}| è }kd bi}dzfb}k oi be èl`mde} `| }o de|tzd }kd Yoate}ddz `| |bid bem zdld`yèc

fdm`lba }zdb}fde} b| eddmdm% Bi}dz b||tzèc }kd |bid}p oi }kd Yoate}ddz! Xdbld Lozx| |}bii zd|xoe|d fbp

èlatmd zdb||d||èc }kd Yoate}ddz| sozg|`}d bem kot|èc bzzbecdfde}| bem fbgèc bep bmnt|}fde}|! b|eddmdm% @e |ofd lb|d|! }kd eb}tzd oi }kd èl`mde} fbp edld||`}b}d b |`}d oz kot|èc }zbe|idz% Xdbld Lozx| |}bii

sàa ba|o b||`|} Yoate}ddz| s`}k xzd|dzyèc }kd`z z`ck}| }o xtz|td adcba |bel}òe| bcbè|} }kd xdzxd}zb}oz| oi }kd

lz`fd% @} `| ydzp `fxoz}be} }kb} Yoate}ddz| zdxoz} èl`mde}| b| }kdp olltz! eo} oeap }o xzo}dl} }kd`z xddz

Yoate}ddz|! jt} ba|o }o xzd|dzyd }kd it}tzd z`ck} }o xzo|dlt}d% \kotam Yoate}ddz| mdl`md ab}dz è }kd xzold|| }kb}

}kdp sbe} }o xzolddm s`}k }kd xzo|dlt}òe oi }kd`z b||bàbe}! }k`| ox}òe fbp eo aoecdz d{`|} ì }kd dy`mdeld oi

}kd dyde} kb| eo} jdde xzd|dzydm b} }kd }`fd oi }kd èl`mde}%


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XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG eiozfb}òe |kbzèc! Yoate}ddz }zbèèc! |`}d |dadl}òe lz`}dz`b! b md}bàdm dfdzcdelp

bl}òe xabe! bem xzo}oloa| ioz bmmzd||èc |bid}p bem |dltz`}p el`mde}|% Lo|}b Z`lb| è&lote}zp |bid}p xzoczbf

`| ot}aèdm jdaos%

]kd Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lboii`ld sàa gddx pot èiozfdm oi bep `||td| }kb} fbp `fxbl} Yoate}ddz |bid}p

}kzotck èiozfb}òe |kbzèc% Zdctabz txmb}d| sàa jd xzoy`mdm e Yoate}ddz eds|ad}}dz| bem e

fdfozbemtf| izof }kd lote}zp m`zdl}oz% @e }kd dyde} oi b lz`}`lba |`}tb}òe oz dfdzcdelp! pot sàa jd

loe}bl}dm }kzotck }kd dfdzcdelp loffte`lb}òe ed}sozg% Be `fxoz}be} lofxoede} oi }kd lbxbl`}p oi Xdbld

Lozx| }o gddx pot èiozfdm `| potz jtp&è }o }kd xbz}edz|k`x loeldx} s`}k }kd Xdbld Lozx| |}bii% @} `| d{xdl}dm

}kb} pot sàa mo potz xbz} è de|tzèc }kb} Xdbld Lozx| |}bii fdfjdz| bzd gdx} bxxz`|dm oi potz foydfde}| è&

lote}zp |o }kdp bzd bjad }o èiozf pot%

Yoate}ddz }zbèèc sàa èlatmd |d||òe| oe |xdlì`l |bid}p bem |dltz`}p `||td| è Lo|}b Z`lb% ]k`| }zbèèc

sàa xzdxbzd pot }o bmox} b lta}tzbaap bxxzoxz`b}d aìd|}pad bem d{dzl`|d ntmcfde} }kb} xzofo}d| |bid}p bem

zdmtld| z`|g è potz kofd! b} sozg! bem skàd }zbydaèc% \bid}p }zbèèc `| oiidzdm }kzotckot} |dzy`ld bem `|

è}dczb}dm e}o }kd abectbcd! lzo||&lta}tzba b|xdl}|! kdba}k! bem o}kdz lofxoede}| oi }zbèèc% Pot sàa jdd{xdl}dm }o |tlld||itaap lofxad}d baa }zbèèc lofxd}del`d| e b ybz`d}p oi bzdb|! elatmèc |bid}p bem |dltz`}p!

b| b loem`}òe oi |dzy`ld%

Ldz}bè |`}d |dadl}òe lz`}dz`b bzd t|dm }o md}dzfèd |bid kot|èc ioz Yoate}ddz| jdiozd }kd`z bzz`yba% ]kd Xdbld

Lozx| |}bii sozg| lao|dap s`}k ko|} loffte`}`d| bem lote}dzxbz} bcdel`d| }o kdax xzdxbzd }kdf ioz b

Yoate}ddz| bzz`yba bem }o d|}bja`|k d{xdl}b}òe| oi }kd`z zd|xdl}`yd zoad| e |txxoz}èc }kd Yoate}ddz% Dblk |`}d

`| e|xdl}dm jdiozd }kd Yoate}ddz| bzz`yba }o de|tzd xabldfde} e bxxzoxz`b}d! |bid! bem |dltzd kot|èc bem

sozg|`}d|% \`}d |dadl}òe | jb|dm! e xbz}! oe bep zdadybe} |`}d k`|}ozp7 blld|| }o fdm`lba! jbegèc! xo|}ba! bem

o}kdz d||de}`ba |dzy`ld|7 bybàbjà`}p oi loffte`lb} oe|! }zbe|xoz}b}òe! bem fbzgd}|7 mìidzde} kot|èc ox}òe|

bem a`yèc bzzbecdfde}|7 bem o}kdz Yoate}ddz |txxoz} eddm|%

Pot sàa ba|o adbze bjot} Xdbld Lozx|/Lo|}b Z`lb| md}bàdm dfdzcdelp bl}òe xabe! sk`lk `| `fxadfde}dm è}kd dyde} oi l`yà oz xoa`}`lba tezd|} oz b eb}tzba m`|b|}dz% Skde pot bzz`yd b} potz |`}d! pot sàa lofxad}d bem

|tjf`} b |`}d aolb}oz iozf s`}k potz bmmzd||! loe}bl} èiozfb}òe! bem b fbx }o potz kot|d% @i }kdzd `| b

|dltz`}p }kzdb}! pot sàa cb}kdz s`}k o}kdz Yoate}ddz| e Lo|}b Z`lb b} xzdmd}dzfèdm aolb}òe| te}à }kd

|`}tb}òe `| zd|oaydm oz }kd Xdbld Lozx| mdl`md| }o dybltb}d%

Ièbaap! è ozmdz ioz }kd Xdbld Lozx| }o jd itaap zd|xoe|`yd }o }kd eddm| oi Yoate}ddz|! `} `| `fxdzb}`yd }kb}

Yoate}ddz| ffdm b}dap zdxoz} bep |dltz`}p el`mde} }o }kd Xdbld Lozx| oii`ld% ]kd Xdbld Lozx| kb|

d|}bja`|kdm xzo}oloa| ioz bmmzd||èc |bid}p bem |dltz`}p èl`mde}| è b }`fdap bem bxxzoxz`b}d fbeedz! bem `}

loaadl}| bem dybatb}d| |bid}p bem |dltz`}p mb}b }o }zblg }zdem| bem mdydaox |}zb}dc`d| }o fè`f`~d z`|g| }o it}tzd

Yoate}ddz|%

M@YDZ\@]P BEMLZO\\&LTA]TZBA @\\TD\

@e itaiàaèc `}| fbemb}d }o |kbzd }kd ibld oi Bfdz`lb s`}k ko|} lote}z`d|! }kd Xdbld Lozx| `| fbgèc |xdl`ba

diioz}| }o b||tzd }kb} baa oi Bfdz`lb| z`lked|| `| zdiadl}dm è }kd Yoate}ddz lozx|% Fozd Bfdz`lbe| oi loaoz bzd

|dzyèc e }ombp| Xdbld Lozx| }kbe b} bep }`fd è zdlde} k`|}ozp% Mìidzdeld| e zbld! d}ke`l jblgczotem! bcd!

zda`còe! bem |d{tba oz`de}b}òe bzd d{xdl}dm bem sdalofdm bfoec otz Yoate}ddz|% Xbz} oi }kd Xdbld Lozx|


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A`}}ad jp a`}}ad! pot kbyd }o |}bz} dmtlb}èc xdoxad bem jd xzdxbzdm }o ibld zbl`|} loffde}|! sk`lk bzd basbp|

xoxxèc tx% Pot eddm }o jd }oadzbe} bem }bgd è`}`b} yd }o dmtlb}d o}kdz|%


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Jdlbt|d oi }kd adyda oi mdydaoxfde} è Lo|}b Z`lb! @ m`me} ièm }kb} fp bcd `fxdmdm oz fbmd fp |dzy`ldfozd mìi`lta}% @e ibl}! xdoxad è Lo|}b Z`lb bzd ydzp oxde }o bem zd|xdl}ita oi oamdz xdoxad%

Xo||`jad @||td | ioz Cbp! Ad|j`be! oz J`|d{tb a Yoate} dd z|

Ba}kotck kofo|d{tba`}p | xzd|de} è Lo|}b Z`lb! `} `| eo} pd} blldx}dm è fbep xbz}| oi }kd lote}zp bem }kdzd

`| |}àa b czdb} mdba oi xzdntm`ld }osbzm kofo|d{tba|% Moe} b|g! moe} }daa zdfbè| }kd mofèbe} bxxzoblk%

Nt|} b| fbep Yoate}ddz| mo eo} |kbzd dydzp b|xdl} oi }kd`z xdz|oeba`}p s`}k }kd`z loffte`} d|! |ofd

Yoate}ddz| sb`} te}à }kdp bzd sdaa e}dczb}dm jdiozd lkoo|èc }o m`|lao|d }kd`z |d{tba oz`de}b}òe }o xzdyde}

z`|gèc sozg bem xdz|oeba zdab}òe|k`x|% Ids cbp! ad|j`be! oz j`|d{tba Yoate}ddz| lkoo|d }o jd oxde bjot}

}kd`z |d{tba oz`de}b}òe mtzèc |dzy`ld bem }kdp loe|}be}ap kbyd }o mdba s`}k rtd|}òe| bjot} jop/c`zaiz`dem|!

fbzz`bcd! bem |d{ +b| mo baa Yoate}ddz|% ]kdzd bzd aolba cbp! ad|j`be! j`|d{tba! bem }zbe|cdemdz +CAJ]ozcbe`~b}òe|! sk`lk bzd b |bid |xbld ioz Yoate}ddz| }o ed}sozg bem |ddg |txxoz}%

Xo||`jad Zda`còt| @||td | ioz Yoate} dd z|

Lo|}b Z`lb `| b abzcdap Zofbe Lb}koa`l lote}zp bem }kd lktzlk xabp| be `fxoz}be} zoad è }kd xoa`}`lba mdjb}d

oi }kd lote}zp bem è }kd |ol`d}p| fozba jda`di|% ]kdzd `| eo |dxbzb}òe oi lktzlk bem |}b}d b| `} d{`|}| è }kd

Te`}dm \}b}d|% \ofd Lo|}b Z`lbe| pot fdd} fbp eo} geos ftlk! oz fbp kbyd f`|loeldx}òe|! bjot} o}kdz

zda`còe|% Kosdydz! }kdzd bzd loeczdcb}òe| oi o}kdz zda`còe| e Lo|}b Z`lb +d%c%! Jbx}`|}! Fd}kom`|}! Nds`|k!

At}kdzbe! Beca`lbe! Fozfoe! Ndkoybk| S`}ed||d|! d}l%%

Yoate}ddz Loffde}>

Mtd }o }kd ibl} }kb} }kdzd `| b |}zoec xzd|deld oi }kd Zofbe Lb}koa`l Lktzlk! o}kdz zda`còe| bem

mdeofèb}òe| lbe jd aoogdm mose txoe%


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XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG Mo pot kbyd lkàmzde? Skp moe} pot kbyd bep

lkàmzde? Skde mo pot xabe oe kbyèc lkàmzde? Skp kbyde} pot kbm bep lkàmzde pd}? Beo}kdz lkbaadecd

pot fbp ibld b| b lotxad `| ioaaosèc }kd zoad| b kt|jbem bem sìd kbyd è Lo|}b Z`lb% @e |ofd kot|dkoam|

kt|jbem| sozg bsbp izof }kd kofd bem xzoy`md ioz }kd`z ibfàp! skàd s`yd| |}bp kofd }o loog! ladbe! bem

lbzd ioz }kd lkàmzde% Ba}kotck }k`| |`}tb}òe `| lkbecèc! s`}k sofde sozgèc ot} oi }kd kot|d! b sofbe `|

|}àa d{xdl}dm }o lbzd ioz kdz kt|jbem% B| b sìd pot fbp jd b|gdm bjot} ioom! abtemzp! bem o}kdz kot|dkoam

mdl`|òe|% @} `| eo} teloffoe }kb} pot! b| b sìd! fbp jd d{xdl}dm }o |dzyd potz kt|jbem ioom% Fde fbp jd

|tjndl} }o |ofd a`ck} }db|èc izof loffte`}p fdfjdz| ì }kdp bzd |dde loogèc oz ladbeèc%


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XDBLD LOZX\ q LO\]B Z@LB SDALOFD JOOG=8

\kotam @ jzèc fp lofxt}dz?

Pot mo eo} eddm }o jzèc b xdz|oeba lofxt}dz }o Lo|}b Z`lb! jt} Yoate}ddz| sko lkoo|d }o jzèc abx}ox| bzd

cdedzbaap |b}`|i`dm s`}k }kd`z mdl`|òe! b| blld|| }o b lofxt}dz iblà`}b}d| sozg! debjad| loffte`lb}òe! bem

dekbeld| de}dz}bè

Documents

Peace Corps Costa Rica Welcome Book | December 2010