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Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
FederalismFederalismChapter 3
Government in America: People, Politics, and PolicyThirteenth AP* Edition
Edwards/Wattenberg/Lineberry
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 1Objective 1
Define federalism and explain why it is important to American government and politics.
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
I. Defining FederalismI. Defining Federalism
A. What is Federalism?– 1. Federalism: a way of organizing a nation so that two
or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people
– 2. Unitary governments: a way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government
– 3. Confederation: The United Nations is a modern example.
– 4. Intergovernmental Relations: the workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state and local governments
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5. Authority Relations
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B. ImportanceB. Importance
Why Is Federalism So Important?– 1.Decentralizes our politics
More opportunities to participate
– 2. Decentralizes our policies Federal and state governments handle different
problems.– States regulate drinking ages, marriage, and speed limits.
States can solve the same problem in different ways and tend to be policy innovators.
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 1 SummaryObjective 1 Summary
In your Summary you should:
1. Define federalism and explain why it is important to American government and politics.
You should have 7 Questions
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 2Objective 2
Describe how the Constitution divides power between the national and state governments and understand why the supremacy of the
national government is the central principle of American federalism.
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II. Division of PowerII. Division of Power
A. The Division of Power– 1. Supremacy Clause, Article VI of the
Constitution states the following are supreme: The U.S. Constitution Laws of Congress Treaties
– 2. Yet, national government cannot usurp state powers.
Tenth Amendment
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3. Distribution of Powers
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B. Establishing National Supremacy– 1. Implied and enumerated powers
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
– 2. Commerce Powers Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
– 3. The Civil War (1861-1865)– The Struggle for Racial Equality
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 2 SummaryObjective 2 Summary
In your Summary you should:
Describe how the Constitution divides power between the national and state governments and understand why the supremacy of the national government is the central principle of American federalism.
You should have 8 Questions
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 3Objective 3
Explain the nature of the states' obligations to each other.
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II. State ObligationsII. State Obligations
A. States’ Obligations to Each Other– 1. Full Faith and Credit: Each state must recognize
official documents and judgments rendered by other states.
Article IV, Section I of Constitution
– 2. Privileges and Immunities: Citizens of each state have privileges of citizens of other states.
Article IV, Section 2 of Constitution
– 3. Extradition: States must return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for punishment.
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 3 SummaryObjective 3 Summary
In your Summary you should:
Explain the nature of the states' obligations to each other.
You should have 11 Questions
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 4Objective 4
Explain how federalism in the United States has shifted from dual federalism to cooperative federalism.
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
IV. Federalism ShiftIV. Federalism Shift
A. Dual Federalism– 1. Definition: a system of government in which
both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
– 2. Like a layer cake– 3. Narrowly interpreted powers of federal
government– 4. Ended in the 1930’s
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B. Cooperative Federalism– 1. Definition: a system of government in which
powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government
– 2. Like a marble cake– 3. Shared costs and administration– 4. States follow federal guidelines
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Objective 4 SummaryObjective 4 Summary
In your Summary you should:
Explain how federalism in the United States has shifted from dual federalism to cooperative federalism.
You should have 19 Questions
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 5Objective 5
Describe the nature of fiscal federalism and how states and cities compete for federal grants and aid.
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
V. Intergovernmental Relations V. Intergovernmental Relations TodayToday
A. Fiscal Federalism– 1. Definition: the
pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments
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2. Fiscal Federalism
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– 3. The Grant System: Distributing the Federal Pie
Categorical Grants: federal grants that can be used for specific purposes; grants with strings attached
– Project Grants: based on merit
– Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas
Block Grants: federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs
Grants are given to states & local governments.
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– 4. The Scramble for Federal Dollars $460 billion in grants every year Grant distribution follows universalism—a little
something for everybody.
– 5. The Mandate Blues Mandates direct states or local governments to
comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant.
Unfunded mandates
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Objective 5 SummaryObjective 5 Summary
In your Summary you should:
Describe the nature of fiscal federalism and how states and cities compete for federal grants and aid.
You should have 24 Questions
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 6Objective 6
Explain the relationship between federalism and democracy, and how federalism contributes to and detracts from democracy.
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6. Understanding Federalism6. Understanding Federalism
1. Advantages for Democracy– Increases access to
government– Local problems can be
solved locally– Hard for political
parties or interest groups to dominate all politics
2. Disadvantages for Democracy– States have different
levels of service– Local interest can
counteract national interests
– Too many levels of government and too much money
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3. Diversity in Public Policy
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4. The Downside of Diversity
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5. Number of Governments in America
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Objective 6 SummaryObjective 6 Summary
In your Summary you should:
Explain the relationship between federalism and democracy, and how federalism contributes to and detracts from democracy.
You should have 29 Questions
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
Objective 7Objective 7
Understand how federalism has contributed to the scope of the national government
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VII. Federalism and the Scope of VII. Federalism and the Scope of GovernmentGovernment
A. Federalism and the Scope of Government– 1. What should the scope of national government
be relative to the states? National power increased with industrialization,
expansion of individual rights, and social services. Most problems require resources afforded to the
national, not state governments.
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2. Fiscal Federalism
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Objective 7 SummaryObjective 7 Summary
In your Summary you should:
Understand how federalism has contributed to the scope of the national government
Your Notes should have a total of 31 questions and 7 summaries.
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2008
SummarySummary
American federalism is a governmental system in which power is shared between a central government and the 50 state governments.
The United States has moved from dual to cooperative federalism; fiscal federalism.
Federalism leads to both advantages and disadvantages to democracy.