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Peer Review and PublicationPeer Review and Publicationin APS Journalsin APS Journals
Submission and ContentSubmission and Content D. BenosD. Benos
Peer Review & Manuscript ProductionPeer Review & Manuscript Production M. ReichM. Reich
EthicsEthics D. Benos & M. Reich D. Benos & M. Reich
The PublicationsThe Publicationsof theof the
American Physiological SocietyAmerican Physiological Society
How to Write and PublishHow to Write and Publisha Scientific Article fora Scientific Article for
the APS Family of Journalsthe APS Family of Journals
• the overall processthe overall process
• elements of a journal articleelements of a journal article
• the review processthe review process
• the production process: (Margaret Reich)the production process: (Margaret Reich)
Process of ResearchProcess of ResearchCOMPLETION OF RESEARCHCOMPLETION OF RESEARCH
PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTPREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPT
SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTSUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT
ASSIGNMENT AND REVIEWASSIGNMENT AND REVIEW
DECISIONDECISION
REVISIONREVISION
RESUBMISSIONRESUBMISSION
RE-REVIEWRE-REVIEW
ACCEPTANCEACCEPTANCE REJECTIONREJECTION
PUBLICATIONPUBLICATION
REJECTIONREJECTION
Getting a Paper PublishedGetting a Paper Published
1. Competition for space in journals is intense.1. Competition for space in journals is intense.
2. Cost of publication is high, 2. Cost of publication is high, e.g., AJP cost per page is $360. e.g., AJP cost per page is $360.
3. Rejection rates vary among journals.3. Rejection rates vary among journals. - AJP = 50%- AJP = 50% - JBC = 65%- JBC = 65% - NEJM, Science, Nature = 90%- NEJM, Science, Nature = 90%
Journal Pages PublishedJournal Pages Published
19901990 26,21626,216
19951995 32,95232,952
20002000 36,38236,382
20012001 37,92337,923
20022002 36,26836,268
Major Reasons forMajor Reasons fora Paper Being Rejecteda Paper Being Rejected
1.1. Inappropriate for the particularInappropriate for the particular journaljournal
2. Merely confirmatory2. Merely confirmatory
3. Describes poorly designed or 3. Describes poorly designed or constructed studiesconstructed studies
4. Poorly written4. Poorly written
TipsTips
1. Know the journal, its editor, and why you1. Know the journal, its editor, and why you submitted your paper there.submitted your paper there.
2. Pay close attention to spelling, grammar, 2. Pay close attention to spelling, grammar, and punctuation. and punctuation.
3. Make sure references are comprehensive3. Make sure references are comprehensive and accurate.and accurate.
4. Avoid careless mistakes.4. Avoid careless mistakes.
5. Read and conform to “Instructions for Authors”5. Read and conform to “Instructions for Authors”
Scientific Writing Should Be:Scientific Writing Should Be:Reader-BasedReader-Based
PurposefulPurposefulAccurateAccurate
ClearClearConciseConcisePrecisePreciseSimpleSimple
and Contain:and Contain:no invented wordsno invented words
no laboratory jargonno laboratory jargonfew, if any, abbreviationsfew, if any, abbreviations
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION: Publishing a PaperSCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION: Publishing a Paper
1.1. ReadinessReadiness- what is the question (hypothesis)- what is the question (hypothesis)- did the experiments test it- did the experiments test it- were there secondary hypotheses- were there secondary hypotheses- experimental design strengths & weaknesses- experimental design strengths & weaknesses- controls – appropriate and sufficient- controls – appropriate and sufficient
2.2. Tables and Figures FinalizedTables and Figures Finalized- clarify and solidify conclusions- clarify and solidify conclusions
3.3. Authorship Issues (Contributorship)Authorship Issues (Contributorship)- guidelines:- guidelines: design of investigationdesign of investigation
conduct of experimentsconduct of experimentsinterpreting results and developing conclusionsinterpreting results and developing conclusionswriting, reviewing, and revising the paperwriting, reviewing, and revising the paperproviding intellectual environmentproviding intellectual environment
4.4. Ethics of Scientific PublicationEthics of Scientific Publication- animals – IACUC- animals – IACUC- humans – IRB- humans – IRB- other- other
5.5. Choosing the Correct Journal (Instructions for Authors)Choosing the Correct Journal (Instructions for Authors)
6.6. Relate Conclusions to the Existing Body of KnowledgeRelate Conclusions to the Existing Body of Knowledge
7.7. LogicLogic
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION: Publishing a PaperSCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION: Publishing a Paper(continued)(continued)
Essential Elements ofEssential Elements ofa Journal Articlea Journal Article
1. What is the rationale of a project?1. What is the rationale of a project?
2. What is the historical context of the work?2. What is the historical context of the work?
3. What audience are you targeting?3. What audience are you targeting? - What journal (quality and prestige)?- What journal (quality and prestige)?
4. How do your findings relate to the4. How do your findings relate to the existing body of knowledge?existing body of knowledge?
5. Conform to “Instructions for Authors”. 5. Conform to “Instructions for Authors”.
Use of ColorUse of Color
In 2001, 1558 color figures In 2001, 1558 color figures were published; 903 were were published; 903 were
free to members at a subsidy free to members at a subsidy of $225,750.of $225,750.
In 2002, 2018 color figures In 2002, 2018 color figures were published; 1260 were were published; 1260 were
free to members at a subsidy free to members at a subsidy of $315,000.of $315,000.
Color FiguresColor Figures
Use color Use color onlyonly if if scientifically warranted.scientifically warranted.
Examples of color imagesExamples of color images that are that are notnot scientifically necessary: scientifically necessary:
Examples ofscientifically necessary color images Color photographs/photomicrographs: Color photographs/photomicrographs:
MRI scans: MRI scans:
http://www.the-aps.org/publications/i4a/prep_manuscript.htm
Instructions Found on APS WebsiteInstructions Found on APS Website
This document will take you through all the major steps of preparing your manuscript for submission to the American Physiological Society
Journals, from how best to format and organize the paper itself, to how to create digital images suitable for print and web publication, to advice on how to present supplemental data files such as video clips
and long tables.These instructions pertain to all of the American Journal of Physiology sections, as well as the Journal of Applied Physiology, the Journal of Neurophysiology, and Physiological Genomics. Advances in Physiology Education, News in Physiological Sciences (invited only), and Physiological Reviews (invited only) have specific instructions that you should review if you are submitting to them.
Main ContentsGeneral Information
Formatting and CompositionManuscript Sections
Types of ArticlesFiguresTables
Mathematical Equations and ModelingData Supplements
1.1. Importance of research question.Importance of research question.
1.1. Originality of work.Originality of work.
1.1. Delineation of strengths and Delineation of strengths and weaknesses of methodology / weaknesses of methodology / experimental / statistical approach / experimental / statistical approach / interpretation of results.interpretation of results.
1.1. Writing style and figure/table Writing style and figure/table presentation.presentation.
5. Ethical concerns (animal/human)5. Ethical concerns (animal/human)
Checklist for ReviewsChecklist for Reviews
1. Responsibility to Authors1. Responsibility to Authors- obligated to treat author and manuscript with - obligated to treat author and manuscript with respectrespect- provide honest assessment of the value of the - provide honest assessment of the value of the researchresearch- maintain confidentiality about the manuscripts- maintain confidentiality about the manuscripts- resist the temptation to use the review as an - resist the temptation to use the review as an opportunity to suggest that the reviewer’s own opportunity to suggest that the reviewer’s own published work be referencedpublished work be referenced
2.2. Responsibility to JournalsResponsibility to Journals- reviewers’ responsibilities to journals fall into - reviewers’ responsibilities to journals fall into several categories: quality, timing of reviews, and several categories: quality, timing of reviews, and avoidance of conflicts of interestavoidance of conflicts of interest
Reviewer ResponsibilitiesReviewer ResponsibilitiesModified from The Council of Science EditorsModified from The Council of Science Editors
Ethical Issues in the ConductEthical Issues in the Conductof Scientificof Scientific
Research and PublishingResearch and Publishing
Summary of APSSummary of APSEthical Policies/Procedures StatementEthical Policies/Procedures Statement
1.1. Original WorkOriginal Work
2.2. All authors made a scientific contributionAll authors made a scientific contribution
3.3. All authors have read manuscript,All authors have read manuscript,
and are and are responsible for contentresponsible for content
4.4. Change of AuthorshipChange of Authorship
5.5. Conflict of InterestConflict of Interest
6.6. ProcedureProcedure
Ethical ResponsibilitiesEthical Responsibilitiesof a Scientistof a Scientist
HonestyHonesty
ObjectivityObjectivity
FairnessFairness
Ethical Conduct of ResearchEthical Conduct of Research
- Experimental TechniquesExperimental Techniques
- Data AnalysisData Analysis
- Conflicts of InterestConflicts of Interest
- Sharing of Research MaterialsSharing of Research Materials
Authorship ResponsibilitiesAuthorship Responsibilities• The manuscript is not currently under consideration The manuscript is not currently under consideration
elsewhere and the research reported will not be submitted elsewhere and the research reported will not be submitted for publication elsewhere until a final decision has been for publication elsewhere until a final decision has been made as to its acceptability by the journal;made as to its acceptability by the journal;
• The manuscript is truthful, original work without The manuscript is truthful, original work without fabrication, fraud, or plagiarism;fabrication, fraud, or plagiarism;
• I have made an important scientific contribution to the I have made an important scientific contribution to the study and am thoroughly familiar with the primary data; study and am thoroughly familiar with the primary data; andand
• I have read the complete manuscript and take I have read the complete manuscript and take responsibility for the content and completeness of the responsibility for the content and completeness of the manuscript and understand that if the paper, or part of the manuscript and understand that if the paper, or part of the paper, is found to be faulty or fraudulent, I share paper, is found to be faulty or fraudulent, I share responsibility.responsibility.
Conflict of Interest DisclosureConflict of Interest Disclosure
• All funding sources supporting the work and All funding sources supporting the work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of all institutional or corporate affiliations of mine are acknowledged. Except as disclosed mine are acknowledged. Except as disclosed on a separate attachment, I certify that I have on a separate attachment, I certify that I have no commercial association (e.g., no commercial association (e.g., consultancies, stock, ownership, equity consultancies, stock, ownership, equity interests, patent-licensing arrangements) that interests, patent-licensing arrangements) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article (letter attached).with the submitted article (letter attached).
Common Ethical IssuesCommon Ethical Issues““The Seven Deadly Sins”The Seven Deadly Sins”
1.1. Duplicate DataDuplicate Data (Data Fragmentation)(Data Fragmentation)
2.2. Data ManipulationData Manipulation
3.3. Duplicate ManuscriptsDuplicate Manuscripts
4.4. PlagiarismPlagiarism
5.5. Author ConflictsAuthor Conflicts
6.6. Animal Use ConcernsAnimal Use Concerns
7.7. Human Use ConcernsHuman Use Concerns
Prior PublicationPrior Publication• Any printed material describing the findings, Any printed material describing the findings,
methods, or results of a submitted/in press methods, or results of a submitted/in press manuscript in excess of 400 words.manuscript in excess of 400 words.
• Any published tables or illustrations.Any published tables or illustrations.
• Videotapes of professional meetings distributed Videotapes of professional meetings distributed to the public/press describing data included in a to the public/press describing data included in a manuscript submitted for publication/in press.manuscript submitted for publication/in press.
• Electronic manuscript of posters available to the Electronic manuscript of posters available to the public and or general scientific community via public and or general scientific community via the internet.the internet.
Duplicate PublicationDuplicate Publication
- Refers to the re-publication of materialRefers to the re-publication of material that has been previously copyrightedthat has been previously copyrighted
Redundant PublicationRedundant Publication
- Refers to the publication of copyrightedRefers to the publication of copyrighted material with additional new ormaterial with additional new or unpublished dataunpublished data
INTEGRITY OF A SCIENTISTINTEGRITY OF A SCIENTIST
1.1. Intellectual honestyIntellectual honesty
2.2. Accurate assignment of creditAccurate assignment of credit
3.3. Fairness in peer reviewFairness in peer review
4.4. Collegiality in scientific interactionsCollegiality in scientific interactions
5.5. Transparency in conflicts of interestTransparency in conflicts of interest
6.6. Protection of human subjects in the Protection of human subjects in the conduct of researchconduct of research
7.7. Humane care and treatment of animalsHumane care and treatment of animals
8.8. Adherence to mutual responsibility within Adherence to mutual responsibility within and between research teamsand between research teams
Manuscript Peer ReviewManuscript Peer Reviewand Productionand Production
Margaret ReichMargaret ReichAPS Director of PublicationsAPS Director of Publications