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Peloponnesian War. By David, Valerian, Anthony . Documentary Pitch. Our Pitch. Our movie is directed towards high school scholars. (around our age) PG-13 Movie Our Movie will have one person (narrator ) and he will talk about it. Introduction (part 1). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Peloponnesian War
ByDavid, Valerian, Anthony
Documentary Pitch
Our Pitch Our movie is directed towards high
school scholars. (around our age) PG-13 Movie Our Movie will have one person
(narrator) and he will talk about it
Introduction (part 1) The Peloponnesian War was between
Athens and the Athenian empire versus Sparta, Thebes, Corinth, and the members of the Peloponnesian Confederacy
It took place from 431 - 404 B.C.E. It was the first war to be recorded by an
eyewitness historian of the highest caliber The war began on 4 April 431 B.C. Ended on 25 April 404 B.C.
Introduction (part 2) The war may be divided into three major periods
› The Archidamian War› The Ionian or Decelean War› The Sicilian war
Five phases› Phase 1 (431-427)› Phase 2 (426-421)› Phase 3 (421-417)› Phase 4 (412-408)› Phase 5 (407-404)
Causes (part 1) The main cause of the war was
Sparta's fear of the growth of the power of Athens
If Sparta had not also been eager for war then peace would have lasted. Sparta was waiting an opportunity
Sparta seized the opportunity
Cause (part 2) Confident of victory she refused an
offer of arbitration made by Pericles Sparta sent an ultimatum that would
have practically destroyed Athenian power
Pericles urged the people to refuse and Sparta declared war
Phase I (part 1) Sparta relied on the traditional strategy of
Greek warfare hoped by invading Attica and destroying
the crops she would force Athens either to sue for peace or come out to fight the standard set piece battle in which typical Greek wars were decided
In numbers , discipline , combat effectiveness of troops Athens was inferiorto the Spartan-Theban forces
Phase I (part 2) When the Spartans invaded, population
of Attica moved into the city Athens became impregnable to attack Its great fleet secure the empire
against revolts and could take the offensive to raid the Peloponnesian coast
Phase I (part 3) every spring and autumn the Athenian
land army would devastate the lands of Sparta's allies (especially Megara)
If Megara could be recovered, then Spartan land access to Attica would be blocked and her Theban allies would not dare come down from the north unaided.
Phase I (part 4) June 430 plague brought with the grain
from Egypt or Libya swept the city, overcrowded with the rural refugees
Athenian troops sent north to reenforce the army besieging Potidaea brought the plague
Pericles himself died in 429
Phase I (part 6) Athens began to offer peace in 430,
but Sparta refused 430-29 Potidaea finally surrendered,
boosting the Athenian position 429 Athens won two great naval
battles at Chalcis and Naupactus June 428 Mitylene on Lesbos revolted
Phase I (part 7) 427 the Spartan fleet under command
of Alcidas retreated instead of helping Mitylene, forcing surrender in July
the surrender in August of Athens' ally, Plataea, to a Theban army which destroyed both population and city itself
426 Athens gained the upper hand in Corcyra, This brought the war to a near stalemate.
Phase II 426 Athens new political leaders of the
democratic party, Cleon and Demosthenes
Athenian forces attempted to carry the war to Boeotia (Thebes), Sparta, and even Sicily
426 two Athenian armies moved toward Thebes, one under Demosthenes via Acarnania other under Nicias via Tanagra.
Phase II (part 2) 425 Athens won its greatest victory at
Spacteria Sparta sued for peace Cleon refused 424 all Athenian offensive plans failed admirals return from Sicily, due to
Syracusan policies in November against Thebes was
defeated at Delium by Athens
Phase II (part 3) 422 Brasidas continued victorious
despite Athenian reinforcements Brasidas defeated the Athenian force,
killing Cleon dying in the process April 11, 421 Nicias concluded a peace
treaty between Athens and Sparta that he hoped would end the war
Phase III (part 1) animosities and policy conflicts which
divided the Greek cities remained during this period
Corinth and Thebes refused to the peace treaty b/ Sparta and Athens actually fulfilled its obligations
420 a new alliance of Athens, Argos, Mantinea, and Elis faced the Spartan - Boeotian Alliance
Phase III (part 2) Athens new democratic leader in
Alcibiades.
Sparta military leader in King Agis Agis assembled a powerful army at Phlius
but was forced to make a treaty and withdraw b/ the failure of his Boeotian allies
Alcibiades pressured the Argives into denouncing the treaty
Phase III (part 3) Agis 418 won the largest land battle of
the war at Mantinea 416 B.C. Alcibiades had ambitions for
conquering Syracuse, controlling all of Sicily, defeating Carthage, and defeat of a surrounded Peloponnese
Phase III (part 4) expedition launched in June of 415 and the
command was divided among these three Alcibiades, Nicias, and Lamachus
Lamachus was killed, the fleet was defeated
Nicias assault in July 413 was also defeated The Athenian fleet was blocked in the
harbor and then defeated in battle. Nicias army massacred and the generals were executed
Phase IV (part 1) Sparta resumed the war officially in August
414 all Greece expected Athens to loose b/
Sparta now had a strong fleet March 413 King Agis occupied Decelea to
keep Athens in a constant blockade on the land side and cut off the Athenian silver mines
Athenian empire started to fall apart with one city revolt after another in 412 and 411
Phase IV (part 2) Persia entered by authorizing its satrap in
Sardis, Tissaphernes, to support Sparta oligarchic party seized power in Athens
and started to offer surrender until blocked by a resurgence of the democratic party
Alcibiades fled from Sparta to Sardis, persuaded Tissaphernes to withhold his support from Sparta
Phase IV (part3) Athens became totally dependent on
food from Crimea through the Hellespont Athenian commanders Thrasybulus and
Thrasylus defeated the Spartan, Mindarus, at Cynossema in September of 411
March of 410 Alcibiades won a great victory over the opposing navy giving Athens again maritime supremacy
Phase IV (part 4) Sparta suggested peace, but the
democrat demagogues as usual refused to listen.
409 Alcibiades recaptured Byzantium, cleared the Bosporus and secured the grain supply.
Made a triumphant return to Athens on 16 June 408
Phase V (part 1) Autumn of 408 a new Spartan admiral
was appointed.› Lysander and became that formidable force
Alcibiades was forced to divide his own fleet› one force at Notium under Antiochus
ordered to refuse battle For the next year Lysander was
superseded by Callicratidas
Phase V (part 2) Callicratidas blockaded the Athenian
fleet of Conon in Mitylene harbor Callicratidas was drowned while loosing
and Sparta again offered peace Athenian democrats led by Cleophon
refused
Phase V (part 3) September 405 Lysander captured
practically the whole Athenian fleet thus brought the entire war to an end
in one stroke
Phase V (part 4) After six months of starvation Athens
surrendered on generous terms offered by Sparta› Corinth and Thebes protested
The city walls and those connecting Athens to Piraeus were torn down and the empire dissolved
Bibliography http://www.laconia.org/
gen_info_literature/Peloponnesian_war.htm#Peloponnesian%20War:%20Phase%202%20(426-421)