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Peloponnesian Wars
Athens vs Sparta
REVIEW: Golden Age of Athens
• 5th Century BC Golden Age of Athens– Expansion in the arts and science
• Athens - dominates Aegean World• Delian League: city-states loyal to
Athens who in turn provide protection.• Athens required member states to pay
a tribute, equal to $200 million in modern currency – needed for the Parthenon
Building Power :
•Spartans and her allies created Peloponnesian League
•Those loyal to Athens are
apart of the Delian
League
Beginning of Trouble
• The member states were not happy
• Many City-States turned to Sparta
• Sparta and Athens become rivals;
both very powerful
Map
Athens Vs. Sparta• Eventually went to war against each
other beginning in 431 BC.
• Athens had a monopoly of trade in the
Aegean region.
• This caused strain between Athens
and other city-states.
•War broke out when Corinth (member of Peloponnesian League) became involved in a conflict with Athens about trade
•Corinthians asked Spartans
and the Peloponnesian League
to go to War
• They declared war on Athens in 431 BC
• There would be a series of battles
between
the two groups
War Declared !
Review: Military Strength
• ATHENS:• Pericles, ruler of Athens, based his
strategy on sea power• Had enough money to mount large
attack
• SPARTA:• Great land army; disciplined;
professional soldiers.
Phase 1Beginning of Battle
• Pericles orders everyone from
surrounding farmlands inside city
walls
• Sparta did not have a good navy, so it
looked like Athens may win. How?
• Athens protected its citizens inside of
its walls.
Pericles
Athenian Problems:
• Poor living conditions• Crowded huts• Poor hygiene• Plague broke out
– Vomiting, painful sores, dysentery.
• One-third of Athenians died • Many felt Gods punishing them• Confidence weakened
The War
•War continued for 10 years.
•There were victories on both
sides.
•In 421 BC, both agree to 50
year truce.
Broken Promise :
• 415 BC Athens bullies neighbours
(city-states) again...this breaks the
truce (peace)
• Peloponnesian wars resume
Phase #2
• Athens attacks island of Melos
• Killed many soldiers and sold women
into slavery.
• The attacked at Syracuse
• Expensive attack
•Naval fleet failed to destroy
the walls around Syracuse.
•Athenian fleet defeated in
Syracuse harbour.
•Forced to surrender.
Phase 3 Peloponnesians Take
Action:• Spartans formed alliances with Sicily
and Persia
• Sparta blocked supplies from Athens
• Nearly starved Athens
• Ended the fight
How did it end?
• Athens never recovered• Sparta permanently occupied
Athenian country-side• Silver mines of Athens came under
Spartan control • 20 000 Athenian slave miners
declared loyalty to Sparta
–Phase I: 431-421 BC–Outcome: signed a peace treaty–Location: Attica (Athens) Peloponnesus (Sparta)
–Phase II: 415-412 BC–Outcome: Athens loses navy, forced to surrender.–Location: major battles on Melos and Syracuse
–Phase III: 412-404 BC–Outcome: Athens was starved out, lost several battles–Location: Athens (walled city state)
What Happened to Athens?
• By 404 BC no powerful leader
replaced Pericles
• Small rebellions crushed
• Athens slowly defeated
• Forced to tear down walls and reduce
navy
Conclusions:
• End of Golden Age of Greece
• City did remain important cultural
centre
• Other City-States gained power, but
biggest threat came from Macedonia