EVOLUTION OF EVOLUTION OF THE PENTHE PEN

Jennifer Sieben and Tori BoldtJennifer Sieben and Tori BoldtPeriod 4Period 4

IEDIED

http://www.insidesocal.com/click/2007/12/hardhitti

ng-amazon-reviews-on.html

http://www.sodahead.com/fun/this-is-a-two-part-question-pen-or-pencil-and-whats-your-pen-or-pencil-of-choice/question-226681/?link=ibaf&imgurl=http://www.germes-online.com/direct/dbimage/50360636/LED_Light_Pens.jpg&q=pens

http://richardxthripp.thripp.com/2008/04/stock-the-quill-pen/

Purpose of PensPurpose of Pens

What exactly is the reason for pens?What exactly is the reason for pens?• People all the way back in 4000 B.C. saw People all the way back in 4000 B.C. saw

the need to record and communicate ideas the need to record and communicate ideas and information. Since then this idea has and information. Since then this idea has evolved into way more than just making evolved into way more than just making scratch marks. scratch marks.

• In today’s world pens not only write, but they In today’s world pens not only write, but they can contain flash drives, laser pointers, music, can contain flash drives, laser pointers, music, scanners and many other things. scanners and many other things.

Throughout history pens have been Throughout history pens have been valuable to almost all of mankind.valuable to almost all of mankind.

Timeline of PensTimeline of Pens• 600-1800 600-1800 Europeans used Europeans used

quills.quills.• 18031803 Metal (steel) Nibs were Metal (steel) Nibs were

patentedpatented• Became popular in Became popular in

1830s.1830s.• 18841884 1 1stst proper fountain proper fountain

pen-Lewis Edson Watermanpen-Lewis Edson Waterman• 1888 & 1916 1888 & 1916 Ball point pen Ball point pen

principle was patented but not principle was patented but not commercialized….commercialized….

• 1943 1943 Joseph Lazlo and Joseph Lazlo and George Biro invent the first George Biro invent the first commercial pens; the modern commercial pens; the modern ball point pen. Bought by ball point pen. Bought by British government. British government.

http://ringpen.com/history.html

­ 1945­marketed­in­U.S.­economy

• 1953­­­1st­inexpensive­ball­point­pen.­­Biro­Brothers.­(BIC,­Co.)­­­­­

• 1960s Felt­tipped­pens­become­popular.­Papermate­introduces­it­to­U.S.­market.

• 1980-1990­­­Roller­ball­pens.• 1990s­­­Rubberized­grips­added­to­

pens• 1997­­­Ring­pen­went­through­

mass­production­through­the­GRANDEE­Corporation.

http://ringpen.com/history.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/08aug/01227/pages/pen.html

• 1884 1884 First proper and practical fountain pen First proper and practical fountain pen invented by Lewis Edson Watermaninvented by Lewis Edson Waterman

• Ink was replaced by air-steady ink flow, no Ink was replaced by air-steady ink flow, no blotsblots

• His pens consisted of a metal nib (steel, gold, His pens consisted of a metal nib (steel, gold, and iridium), the feed (metal), and a barrel and iridium), the feed (metal), and a barrel (wood).(wood).

• It was made by hand at first, though later he It was made by hand at first, though later he opened a factory in Montreal, employing opened a factory in Montreal, employing others to help him.others to help him.

Invention of the Modern PenInvention of the Modern Pen

http://www.made2shop.com/parker-pens-collection-parker-duofold-pinstripe-pens-c-292_300.html

Why do Pens Need Why do Pens Need Improvements?Improvements?

You could pick any product and it is very likely You could pick any product and it is very likely that it has evolved or been modified. Almost all of that it has evolved or been modified. Almost all of them have been improved in order to fit the them have been improved in order to fit the needs of the consumers. The same is true for the needs of the consumers. The same is true for the pen. pen.

• Not only is the effectiveness and ease of using Not only is the effectiveness and ease of using the product important, but innovators also need the product important, but innovators also need to find ways to make the product easier to to find ways to make the product easier to manufacture, therefore lowering prices. manufacture, therefore lowering prices.

• In a pen, consumers are looking for fluid writing, In a pen, consumers are looking for fluid writing, no leaks, easy grip, no skipping, and no smearing no leaks, easy grip, no skipping, and no smearing among other things.among other things.

Improvements to Pens over the Improvements to Pens over the YearsYears• ClipClip (1905) less likely to lose (1905) less likely to lose• Ink cartridge Ink cartridge (1927) makes refilling ink (1927) makes refilling ink

easy and cleaneasy and clean• Ball point pens Ball point pens (1943) pens wouldn’t (1943) pens wouldn’t

flood, ink dried fasterflood, ink dried faster• Felt-tipped pens Felt-tipped pens (1962) better for writing (1962) better for writing

eastern characterseastern characters• Roller ball pens Roller ball pens (1973) combination of (1973) combination of

felt-tipped pens and ballpoint pensfelt-tipped pens and ballpoint pens• Rubber grips Rubber grips (1990s) easier gripping(1990s) easier gripping• Ring Pen Ring Pen (1997) Reduces risk of carpal (1997) Reduces risk of carpal tunnel syndrometunnel syndrome

Effects on society and the Effects on society and the environmentenvironment

There are many benefits to using pens. Some There are many benefits to using pens. Some examples…examples…

• Permanent. Because of this they are good for Permanent. Because of this they are good for treaties and other official documents, and a lot of treaties and other official documents, and a lot of them won’t bleed through the paper.them won’t bleed through the paper.

• Cheap prices allow for practically anyone to buy a Cheap prices allow for practically anyone to buy a pen.pen.

• Robust. This allows pens to survive in hands of Robust. This allows pens to survive in hands of children and on the battlefield. Ballpoint pens were children and on the battlefield. Ballpoint pens were used a lot in WWII. used a lot in WWII.

• Refillable ink. Therefore not as many resources are Refillable ink. Therefore not as many resources are needed because some are reusable.needed because some are reusable.

• There is no longer a need for animal feathers for There is no longer a need for animal feathers for quills.quills.

• Some pens are made from recycled materials Some pens are made from recycled materials which also benefits the earth.which also benefits the earth.

OLD­FASHIONED­PENS/QUILLS

http://wrightcreativity.com

/tag/journalism/

http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Make-a-Feather-Quill-2-ways/

http://www.pixmac.com/picture/inkwell+and+quill/000000146487

http://www.florence-nightingale.co.uk/cms/index.php/online-shop?category_id=&page=shop.browse&limit=20&start=40

NEW HIGH-TECH PENSNEW HIGH-TECH PENSUV­light,­flexible­LED­light,­red­laser­pointer,­clip,­stylus,­and­pen

Ink­completely­and­untraceably­disappears­within­2­days­of­writing

http://www.thinkgeek.com/gadgets/tools/b23c/

http://www.thinkgeek.com/gadgets/security/bf21/

http://www.techeblog.com/index.php/tech-gadget/5-high-tech-pens-you-can-actually-buy

MP3­player,­USB­flash­drive,­shock­proof­case,­512MB­of­memory,­built-in­microphone,­radio,­and­pen

http://www.techeblog.com/index.php/tech-gadget/5-high-tech-pens-you-can-actually-buy

256MB,­512MB,­or­1GB­capacity,­USB­flash­drive,­SD­card­drive

ReferencesReferences• Ament, P. (2006, May 6). Ament, P. (2006, May 6). Ballpoint pen historyBallpoint pen history. Retrieved . Retrieved

from from http://http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/ballpen.htmwww.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/ballpen.htm

• Bellis, M. (2010). Lewis waterman-the fountain pen. Bellis, M. (2010). Lewis waterman-the fountain pen. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwaterman.htminventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwaterman.htm

• Bellis, M. (2010). The Fountain pen-lewis waterman. Bellis, M. (2010). The Fountain pen-lewis waterman. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa100897.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa100897.htm

• Forward Slash Media, , & Bristol Developers, . (2007). The Forward Slash Media, , & Bristol Developers, . (2007). The History of pens. Retrieved from http://www.null-History of pens. Retrieved from http://www.null-hypothesis.co.uk/article/110hypothesis.co.uk/article/110

• GRANDEE Corporation, . (2007). History of writing utensils. GRANDEE Corporation, . (2007). History of writing utensils. Retrieved from http://www.ringpen.com/history.htmlHonekai Retrieved from http://www.ringpen.com/history.htmlHonekai Media , . (2010). Media , . (2010). Techeblog 5 high tech pens you can Techeblog 5 high tech pens you can actually buyactually buy. Retrieved from . Retrieved from http://www.techeblog.com/index.php/tech-gadget/5-high-http://www.techeblog.com/index.php/tech-gadget/5-high-tech-pens-you-can-actually-buytech-pens-you-can-actually-buy

• Sustainable pens: glo pensSustainable pens: glo pens. (2010, October 9). Retrieved . (2010, October 9). Retrieved from from http://www.theenvironmentalblog.org/2009/10/sustainable-http://www.theenvironmentalblog.org/2009/10/sustainable-pens-glo-pens.htmlpens-glo-pens.html