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Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV Yovita Hartantri Tim Infeksi Khusus RSHS/FK UNPAD Bandung, 5 Pebruari 2020

Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

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Page 1: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV

Yovita HartantriTim Infeksi Khusus RSHS/FK UNPAD

Bandung, 5 Pebruari 2020

Page 2: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Masker N-95 ludes gegara virus corona

Page 3: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Epidemiology confirmed cases of 2019 nCoV, 3 February 2020 - WHO

Page 4: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Situation in Numbers

• Total and new cases in last 24 hours

– Globally : 17.391 confirmed (2838 new)

– China : 17.238 confirmed (2831 new)

2296 severe (186 new)

361 death (17 new) ≈ 2,1%

– Outside of china : 153 confirmed (7 new)

23 countries

1 death

WHO, Situation report, 3 February 2020

Page 5: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Epidemic curve of 2019 nCoV cases (n=153) identified outside of China, by date of reporting & travel history

WHO, Situation Report, 3 February 2020

Page 6: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

What is a Corona Virus (CoV)

• A large family of viruses

• Zoonotic (civet, camel, bats)

• Causes illness, ranging from common cold to more severe diseases, such as : – MERS-CoV

– SARS-CoV

• A novel CoV is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans

Page 7: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

The family of CoronaVirus

• Common human corona viruses1. 229E (alpha coronavirus)

2. NL63 (alpha coronavirus)

3. OC43 (beta coronavirus)

4. HKU1 (beta coronavirus)

• Other human corona viruses5. MERS-CoV (beta coronavirus)

6. SARS-CoV (beta coronavirus)

7. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (beta coronavirus)

Page 8: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

2019 Novel Corona Virus

• RNA virus

• Family coronaviridae

• Distributed in humans and other mammals

• Most human infections are mild

• Epidemics of the two betacoronavirus– Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%)

– Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%)

• High concentration of cytokines in plasma

Huang Chaolin et al, the Lancet, 2020

Page 9: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

2019 nCoV

• Might mainly act on lymphocytes (T cell) as does SARS-CoV

• Virus particles spread through the respiratory mucosa & infect other cells

• Induce a cytokine storm in the body

• ↙ total lymphocyte indicate that CoV consumes many immune cells & inhibits the cellular immune function

Chen N et al, the Lancet 2020

Page 10: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Demographics & Characteristics of 99 patients admitted to Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital with 2019 nCoV

Chen Nanshan,

et al. the

Lancet 2020

Page 11: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

nCoV

• Common sign of infection include respiratory symptoms : – Fever– Cough– Shortness of breath & breathing

difficulties

• Severe cases :– Pneumonia– Severe acute respiratory

syndrome (SARS)– Kidney failure

Page 12: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Clinical characteristics (Chen Nanshan et al, the Lancet 2020)

Page 13: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Symptoms

• Common symptoms (n=41) :

– Fever (98%) - Dyspnoea (55%)

– Cough (76%) - Illness onset to dypnoea

– Mialgia or fatique (44%) 8 days (5-13)

– Sputum production (28%)

– Headache (8%)

– Hemoptisis (5%)

– Diare (3%)

Huang C et al, the Lancet, 2020

Page 14: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Timelines of 2019 nCoV cases after onset of illness

Huang C et al. the Lancet 2020

Page 15: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Diagnostic

• Real time PCR & Next-generation sequencing

– Throat swab specimens from upper respiratory tract (naso and oropharyng)

– Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory tract

• Chest X-ray or chest CT

Huang C et al, the Lancet 2020, Chen N et al, the Lancet 2020

Page 16: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Treatment of patients (Chen Nanshan et al, the Lancet 2020)

Page 17: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) *(Demam/Riwayat Demam ≥ 38oC disertai salah satu gejala:

Batuk/Pilek/Nyeri Menelan)

Riwayat Mengunjungi Kota Wuhandalam waktu 14 hari sebelum timbul gejala

Pasien dalamPengawasan

(Rawat di ruangisolasi RIIKK

Adakah pneumonia ? (Gejala klinis dan atau radiolologis)

Riwayat perjalanan ke wilayah/negara yang terjangkit(sesuai dengan perkembangan penyakit)* dalam waktu 14

hari sebelum timbul gejala

Riwayat Kontak1. Riwayat kontak erat dengan kasus konfirmasi 2019-

nCoV; ATAU2. Bekerja atau mengunjungi fasilitas kesehatan yang

berhubungan dengan pasien konfirmasi 2019-nCoV di China atau wilayah/negara yang terjangkit; ATAU

3. Memiliki riwayat kontak dengan hewan penular (jika hewan penular sudah teridentifikasi); ATAU

4. Kontak dengan orang yang memiliki riwayat perjalanan ke Wuhan (ada hubungan epidemiologi)

Ya

Pasien dalam Pengawasan(Rawat di ruang isolasi RIIKK)

Ya

Tidak

Tidak

Ya

Pasien dalam Pengawasan

(Rawat di ruang isolasi RIIKK

Orang dalam Pemantauan** olehpetugas kesehatan atau Dinkes

Tidak

Ya

Rawat Jalan

Tidak

Riwayat Kontak1. Riwayat kontak erat dengan kasus konfirmasi 2019-

nCoV; ATAU2. Bekerja atau mengunjungi fasilitas kesehatan yang

berhubungan dengan pasien konfirmasi 2019-nCoV di China atau wilayah/negara yang terjangkit; ATAU

3. Memiliki riwayat kontak dengan hewan penular (jika hewan penular sudah teridentifikasi); ATAU

4. Kontak dengan orang yang memiliki riwayat perjalanan ke Wuhan (ada hubungan epidemiologi)

Ya

Pasien dalamPengawasan

(Rawat di ruangisolasi RIIKK

Tidak

Keterangan :* Hati-hati pada pasien immunocompromised ** Formulir Orang dalam Pemantauan, diserahkan pada pasien untuk diisi sd 14 hari

Tim Infeksi Khusus RSHS Kemkes RI 28 Jan’20

Page 18: Penanganan Medis Infeksi nCoV · –Severe acute respiratory syndrome (10%) –Middle east respiratory syndrome (37%) ... –Sputum or endotracheal aspirates from lower respiratory

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