Pengantar Teknik Pengaturan.pdf

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

pengantar pada teknik pengaturan

Citation preview

  • !"#$%

    &%'%((

    )*+*,-./*/0*,-1-234-43536-5/*57*21-8-59:-,0*,-+3.-55;-

    ?/*/-.-/30*/-8-3-56-239;9+*/0*57-+@2-5

    ?/*/4*6-8-59;9+*/,::0+*24@8-6-59;9+*/,::0+*2+@+@0

    ?/*5;*4@+8-58-2-8+*239+38@/@/+*85380*57-+@2-5

    "A# #"#$B%

    C-6-8*4-5;-8-5939+*/?939+*/;-57/*/0@5;-3.@4@57-56*57-5356@9+23D8:2*8936323E

    /*2@0-8-5F-8+:2;-579-57-+0*5+357GH:2*8936323/*5@51@88*0-6-8*/-/0@-56-239@-+@

    939+*/@5+@8/*/:53+:2-+-@/*5I*89@-+@J-23-4*,+*2+*5+@6-,-/02:9*9;-574*2.@4@57-5

    6*57-5 356@9+236-5 9*I-2-:+:/-+39+-50-0*2,@ -6-5;-I-/0@2+-57-5 /-5@93-

    G^H*/-/0@-55;-@5+@84*8*21-6*57-5+*,3+363+*5+@8-5:,*.8-,342-935;-Gc*578-,342-93

    4*2-2+3/*5;-+-8-5 -+-@ /*5;-+-8-5?8*/4-,3.@4@57-5 /-9@8-5?8*,@-2-5 @5+@8

    /*/0*2:,*.8*+*,3+3-5;-57638*.*56-83G

    _G)39+*/?939+*/35343-9-5;-+36-8630*29@,3+6*57-5/-9-,-.?/-9-,-.8*+36-8?9+-43,-5G

    d$B(Y"P-6-,-.93F-+6-239@-+@939+*/@5+-3-5?+*2+@+@0;-57/*/@578358-58*,@-2-55;-

    e-+-@9@-+@4*9-2-5+*28*56-,3,-356-23939+*/3+@f439-634-563578-56*57-5/-9@8-5939+*/

    3+@e-+-@9@-+@/-9@8-58*9@-+@8:/0:5*5,-35;-57+*2,*+-8636-,-/

    Yeu

    v

    f

  • +*28*56-,3|

  • ZSVZy

    )-8,-2,39+238-6-,-.939+*/0*57*56-,3-54@-+-5

  • ZSVZyK@+:/:43,

    ]-/4-2G

  • !"#$%

    &%'%((

    )*+*,-./*/0*,-1-234-43536-5/*57*21-8-59:-,0*,-+3.-55;-

    ?/*/-.-/30*/-8-3-56-239;9+*/0*57-+@2-5

    ?/*/4*6-8-59;9+*/,::0+*24@8-6-59;9+*/,::0+*2+@+@0

    ?/*5;*4@+8-58-2-8+*239+38@/@/+*85380*57-+@2-5

    "A# #"#$B%

    C-6-8*4-5;-8-5939+*/?939+*/;-57/*/0@5;-3.@4@57-56*57-5356@9+23D8:2*8936323E

    /*2@0-8-5F-8+:2;-579-57-+0*5+357GH:2*8936323/*5@51@88*0-6-8*/-/0@-56-239@-+@

    939+*/@5+@8/*/:53+:2-+-@/*5I*89@-+@J-23-4*,+*2+*5+@6-,-/02:9*9;-574*2.@4@57-5

    6*57-5 356@9+236-5 9*I-2-:+:/-+39+-50-0*2,@ -6-5;-I-/0@2+-57-5 /-5@93-

    G^H*/-/0@-55;-@5+@84*8*21-6*57-5+*,3+363+*5+@8-5:,*.8-,342-935;-Gc*578-,342-93

    4*2-2+3/*5;-+-8-5 -+-@ /*5;-+-8-5?8*/4-,3.@4@57-5 /-9@8-5?8*,@-2-5 @5+@8

    /*/0*2:,*.8*+*,3+3-5;-57638*.*56-83G

    _G)39+*/?939+*/35343-9-5;-+36-8630*29@,3+6*57-5/-9-,-.?/-9-,-.8*+36-8?9+-43,-5G

    d$B(Y"P-6-,-.93F-+6-239@-+@939+*/@5+-3-5?+*2+@+@0;-57/*/@578358-58*,@-2-55;-

    e-+-@9@-+@4*9-2-5+*28*56-,3,-356-23939+*/3+@f439-634-563578-56*57-5/-9@8-5939+*/

    3+@e-+-@9@-+@/-9@8-58*9@-+@8:/0:5*5,-35;-57+*2,*+-8636-,-/

    Yeu

    v

    f

  • +*28*56-,3|

  • ZSVZy

    )-8,-2,39+238-6-,-.939+*/0*57*56-,3-54@-+-5

  • ZSVZyK@+:/:43,

    ]-/4-2G