Upload
lengoc
View
224
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SESI 1
PENGERTIAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI
Partono - Telkom University 2013 2
Definisi Manager dan Organisasi
• get things done through other people• make decisions, allocate resources,
direct the activities of others to attain goals.
Managers
• conciously coordinated social unit, • composed of two or more people, • functions on a relatively continuous
basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals
Organization
Partono - Telkom University 2013 3
APA YANG DILAKUKAN MANAJER• Di dalam s/ organisasi harus ada individu yang
bertanggung jawab untuk menentukan sasaran dan mencapai sasaran tersebut
• Penanggung jawab tersebut biasanya dikenal dengan istilah MANAJEMEN
• Istilah manajemen mengandung 3 unsur manajerial:
• Fungsional• Peran• Ketrampilan
Partono - Telkom University 2013 4
FUNGSI MANAJEMEN
• penetapan tujuan, strategi, dan taktikMerencanakan
• menentukan tugas yg dikerjakan, siapa yg mengerjakan, struktur pelaporan, kewenangan memutuskan
Mengorganisir
• mengarahkan, mengkoordinasi, memotivasi, & mengelola tim kerjaMemimpin
• memantau, mengevaluasi, merevisiMengontrol
Partono - Telkom University 2013 5
PERAN MANAJEMEN
Interpersonal.
Sebagai tokoh utama, tugas seremonial &
simbolis.
Sebagai pemimpin(motivasi,
mengarahkan)
Sebagai penghubung
(interaksi dengan pihak lain)
Informasional
Monitor informasiinternal & eksternal
Penyebar informasi (ke lingkungan
internal)
Juru bicara(eksternal)
Pengambil Keputusan
Entrepreneur (seeking
opportunities & initiate project)
Problem handler
Resources Allocator
Negotiator
Partono - Telkom University 2013 6
Partono - Telkom University 2013 7
KETRAMPILAN MANAJEMEN
TEKNIS
• Ability to apply specializedknowledge or expertise.
• Learned through extensive education& experience.
Personal
• Ability to understand, communicate with, motivate,
• & support other people, both individually and in groups
Konseptual
• Mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.
• Conceptual skills (identify problems, develop alternativesolutions, evaluate those alternative solutions, & select the best one, organize a plan of action and then execute it.
Partono - Telkom University 2013 8
AKTIVITAS SUKSES vs EFEKTIFApakah manajer paling sukses juga merupakan manajer paling efektif?
4 aktivitas manajer menurut Fred Luthans:
• Manajemen tradisional merencanakan, memutuskan, mengevaluasi• Komunikasi dan administrasi• Manajemen SDM• Mengembangkan jaringan (sosialisasi)
Distribusi waktu rata2 : 32% – 29% – 20% – 19%
Aktivitas apa yang paling penting dalam penilaian keberhasilan seorang manajer?
Partono - Telkom University 2013 9
ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR
a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within
organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness
study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization’s performance
Core topics : motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, group structure and
processes, learning, attitude development and perception, change processes, conflict, work design, & work stress
Partono - Telkom University 2013 10
Partono - Telkom University 2013 11
PERILAKU ORGANISASI• Cakupan PO : pekerjaan, kerja, kehadiran,
turnover, produktivitas, kinerja, dan manajemen.• Studi kasus : amati salah aktivitas seseorang di
lingkungan kampus dan prediksikan apa yang mendorong dia melakukan hal itu
Partono - Telkom University 2013 12
PERILAKU ORGANISASI Studi sistematis mempelajari hubungan,
mengkaitkan sebab akibat, & menyimpulkan berdasar bukti ilmiah
Intuisi A gut feeling not necessarily supported by research, common sense
Tujuan PO a/ mengganti/mengubah pandangan yg sudah tertanam, dengan memberikan fakta berbasis ilmu pengetahuan & penelitian.
Partono - Telkom University 2013 13
Partono - Telkom University 2013 14
ILMU PENDUKUNG PO Psikologi.
Ilmu yg mengukur, menjelaskan, mengubah perilaku manusia
Psikologi sosial. Memadukan konsep psikologi dengan sosiologi yang
fokus pada pengaruh seseorang kepada yang lain Sosiologi.
Studi mengenai manusia dalam kaitannya dengan lingkungan sosial budaya
Antropologi. Mempelajari manusia dan aktivitasnya. Membantu
memahami perbedaan nilai
Partono - Telkom University 2013 15
HAL MUTLAK DALAM PO
Hanya ada sedikit prinsip universal yang
menjelaskan PO
Tidak ada yang pasti dalam studi PO karena
melibatkan manusia
Mempelajari PO harus mempertimbangkan kondisi situasional & banyak kemungkinan
Manusia adalah makhluk yang kompleks• Dalam situasi yang sama, 2
orang, bagaimana mereka bersikap?
• 1 orang, situasi yang berbeda, bagaimana mereka bersikap?
Partono - Telkom University 2013 16
Contingency Variable (Z)
Independent Variable (X)
Dependent Variable (Y)
In American Culture
Boss Gives “Thumbs Up”
SignUnderstood as Complimenting
In Iranian or Australian Cultures
Boss Gives “Thumbs Up”
Sign
Understood as Insulting - “Up
Yours!”
CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES
Partono - Telkom University 2013 17
Responding to Economic Pressures Responding to Globalization Managing Workforce Diversity Improving Quality and Productivity Improving Customer Service Improving People Skills Stimulating Innovation and Change Coping with “Temporariness” Working in Networked Organizations Helping Employees Balance Work-Life Conflicts Creating a Positive Work Environment Improving Ethical Behavior
Partono - Telkom University 2013 18
Kondisi Ekonomi
Effective management when economic crisis Dealing with difficult activities such as firing
employees, motivating employees to do more with less and working through the stress employees feel when they are worrying about their future.
Focuses on issues such as stress, decision making, and coping during difficult times
Partono - Telkom University 2013 19
Globalisasi More foreign assignment Work in multi-nations, culture, and race
environment Movement jobs to the lower cost labor
Partono - Telkom University 2013 20
Keragaman Angkatan Kerja
Perubahan demografi penduduk Indonesia Perkembangan tuntuan keahlian Keragaman kepentingan dan sasaran individu Y Generations, & future generations
Partono - Telkom University 2013 21
Peningkatan Layanan Pelanggan
More services More job need to interact with customer Organization has to make sure their employee
attitude & behavior associate dwith the customer
Partono - Telkom University 2013 22
Peningkatan Ketrampilan Karyawan
Complex work need new skills and ability Technology development demand employee to
adjust their skills Manager should be aware of the requirement and
take step to help in the adjustmen proccess
Partono - Telkom University 2013 23
Inovasi & Perubahan
Organization needs to adjust their practices with the surrounding
Creating flexible environment Continually improve the business practices Think ahead of the competitor Create new product & services Company and employee face the challenge to
continually innovate
Partono - Telkom University 2013 24
Meningkatnya Kebutuhan untuk Berkembang
Today strengths can become tomorrow weaknesses
Need to continous knowledge & skills improvement
New tools and practices in the business Today’s managers and employees must learn to
cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability.
Partono - Telkom University 2013 25
Bekerja dalam & dengan jaringan
Technology & communication change the way we do our job
People are more connected More collaborating in work New communication skills needed to interact in
network
Partono - Telkom University 2013 26
Work-Life Balance
Increasing demand in work and life Technology make work and social life difficult to
separate Almost no boundaries or limit (country, time,
space) Employee required to be ready all the time (long
hour, after work hour, vacation) Dual career individual Work interfere the social life & vice-versa
Partono - Telkom University 2013 27
Positive Work Environment
Focusing on positive side of the individu
Partono - Telkom University 2013 28
Improving Ethical Behavior
When the expectation is high, employee will do whatever necessary to save them
Facing the ethical dillema and ethical choices Which practices are wrong or right It is the issue of the moral principle of each
individual when facing the provocative environment
Partono - Telkom University 2013 29
REFRESHMENT• TANGGAPI PERNYATAAN BERIKUT !!!
• Apakah kita harus melaporkan jika menemui adanya penyimpangan dlm organisasi
• Apakah kita harus menjalankan tugas yang tidak kita setujui/sukai
• Apakah kita akan memberikan nilai yg bagus agar karyawan tidak di PHK
• Apakah kita harus berpolitik demi kemajuan karier• Apakah kita layak menerima sesuatu dari mitra kerja
Partono - Telkom University 2013 30
TANTANGAN & PELUANG PO• Kunci mengelola PO adalah memadukan
keragaman setiap pekerja sehingga dapat secara optimal memberikan kontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas kerja atau hasil akhir.
• Kemampuan yang dibutuhkan untuk ini antara lain ; interpersonal komunikasi.
Partono - Telkom University 2013 31
MENGEMBANGKAN MODEL PO Model
Gambaran sederhana dari beberapa fenomena nyata An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of
some real-world phenomenon 3 tingkat analisis dalam OB
Individu, Kelompok, Organisasi
Partono - Telkom University 2013 32
Partono - Telkom University 2013 33
MENGEMBANGKAN MODEL PO• variables like personality, group structure,
and organizational culture that lead to processes. These variables set the stage for what will occur in an organization later
Input
• actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes
Proccess
• key variables that you want to explain or predict, and that are affected by some other variables
Outcomes
Partono - Telkom University 2013 34
THE GOALS of OB Attitude & stress Task performance - The combination of effectiveness and
efficiency at doing your core job tasks. Citizenship behavior - Discretionary behavior that
contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace
Withdrawal behavior - The set of actions employee take to separate themselves from the organization
group cohesion The extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work.
Partono - Telkom University 2013 35
THE GOALS of OB Group functioning - The quantity and quality of a work
group’s output Productivity - The combination of the effectiveness and
efficiency of an organization Effectiveness - The degree to which an organization
meets the needs of its clientele or customers Efficiency - The degree to which an organization can
achieve its ends at a low cost. Organizational survival - The degree to which an
organization is able to exist and grow over the long term.
End of Session
Partono - Telkom University 2013 36