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Lembaga Pendidikan Perkebunan
Jogjakarta, 17-18 Januari 2018
Penguatan R&D
Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Industri Sawit
Tony Liwang
“Oil Palm has been farmed in
the same way for
more than hundred years”
Source: Wageningen World, 2-2012
Yield Improvement - The facts at a glance
Background
Sustainable Farming
=
Improving Yield
+
Reducing Cost
Background
Outline
Background
Potential Yield ± 18 t oil/ha/yr
Site Yield
Potential ± 12 t oil/ha/yr
Actual Yield
Potential ± 6 t oil/ha/yr
Genetic Factors Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera
Seeds, Clones
Environment Factors
(Limiting Factors) Climate (Rainfall, Solar Radiation,…)
Soil Condition
Agronomic Mgmnt Factors
(Reducing Factors) Mineral Nutrition Mgmnt
Pest and Disease Mgmnt
Mechanization Mgmnt
Social and Economic Mgmnt
Source : RHV Corley, 2006
Yield Improvement - Determining Yield Factors
Background
3.3 4.2
8.6
12.2 13.6
18.2
Indonesian(non-private)
Indonesian(private)
BestExperimental
Plot
SelectedProgeny
Individual Palm MaximumTheoritical yield
*
* *
* CPO Yield (ton/ha/year)
Source : Rajinder Singh, MPOB, 2010 (*)
Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia, 2017 (**)
Improve through
Tissue Culture?
Improve through
Molecular Breeding?
Conventional
Breeding
** **
Yield Improvement - Oil Palm Yield Potential
Background
Outline
An oil palm bunch with a weight
of 79 kg from an Oil Palm Plantation
in North Sumatera, in 1940’s
An oil palm bunch with a weight
of 85 kg from an Oil Palm Plantation
in Jambi, in 2017
New Record – MURI
after 77 years
Background
8
Gap between actual area and simulated area
using certified oil palm seeds in Indonesia (1998 – 2009)
Before 2005 it was suspected that one third of the oil palm plantation
in Indonesia has been planted with un-certified seeds
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Tahun
Pe
rke
mb
an
ga
n L
ua
s L
ah
an
(H
a)
Luas Lahan Aktual
Luas Lahan Simulasi
Gap of ± 871.473 Ha or equal to
174 million seeds
(± 1/3 of certified seeds)
Actual Area
Simulated Area
Year
Source : Liwang et al. (2008).
the Course
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0
3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.2
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
CPO Productivity (ton/ha/year)
9.5 10.3 10.8 11.3 12.2 12.4 12.9 13.3 13.8
9.8 11.6 12.3
14.7 15.6
16.8 18.2
19.9 21.5
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Non-PrivatePrivate
CPO Production (million ton)
Yield Improvement
CPO Production and Productivity
Average Annual Growth
Non Private = x % (?)
Private = 5 %
Average Annual Growth
Non Private = 6 %
Private = 15 %
Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017
the Impact
1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
2.0 2.3 2.5
2.9 3.1 3.4
3.6 4.0
4.3
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Non-Private
Private
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6
0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Yield Improvement
PKO Production and Productivity
PKO Production (million ton)
PKO Productivity (ton/ha/year)
Average Annual Growth
Non Private = 6 %
Private = 14 %
Average Annual Growth
Non Private = x % (?)
Private = 4 %
Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017
the Impact
3.2 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8
0.6 0.7 0.7
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
CPO Yield PKO Yield
Total Oil Yield (ton/ha/year)
3,8 4,1 4,1 4,3 4,2 4,3 4,3 4,6 4,6
Average Annual Growth
PKO = 4.2 %
CPO = 2.3 %
PKO + CPO = 2.6 %
Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017
Yield Improvement
CPO and PKO Productivity the Impact
8,993 9,573 10,465 10,755 11,260 11,914
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
580
892 290
505 654
Planting area ( 000 ha )
Average Annual Growth
New Planted Area = 584,200 Ha
= 6.5 %
Yield Improvement
New Planted Area
Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017
the Challenge …
CPO Productivity
Non Private = x % (?)
Private = 5 %
PKO Productivity
Non Private = x %(?)
Private = 4 %
New Planted Area
= 6.5 %
Average Annual Growth of
Productivity < New Planted Area
and
contributed mainly by Private Company
<
An increment of minimum wage is
about 8.72% for 2017-2018
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Non-Private 49 54 76 104 102 165 117 171 137 416 269 77 Private 107 92 115 116 122 508 521 171 119 139 85 139 Total 156 146 191 221 225 673 638 342 256 555 354 216
Source : Dir. Gen. of Estate of Min. Agric. of Indonesia ,2017
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Non-Private Private
Area (x 1,000 Ha)
156 146 191
221 225
673 638
342 256
555
354
216
Projection of Replanting Area in Indonesia
Simulated based on age of palm only,
but it should be also based on yield performance
Oil Palm Conventional
Phenotype Selection Breeding
vs Genetic Selection
(GS) Breeding
Ps Dura
Duration of Breeding Approaches
Conventional - Molecular Markers -Mutagenesis - GMO Dev. 10 – 7 – 5.5 – 14 years
Duration of Breeding Approaches
Main objectives to carry out research on oil palm
biotechnology and micro propagation (tissue culture) :
1. to validate the phenotypic advantages with the
genotyping test and genomic information
2. to shorten the time required to develop elite palm with
desired characters (biotic and abiotic tolerant,
nutrient efficient, … ) compared to conventional
breeding
3. to minimize the space and the cost required for field
trials
4. to develop and produce the desired elite planting
materials through tissue culture
5. to improve the interaction of genetic and environment
through microbial agents
Objectives of Oil Palm Biotechnology
Molecular Assisted Selection
Oil Palm Genome
consists of 16 pairs
of chromosome,
>1.71 giga base pairs
Nutrient Uptake
Efficiency
Slow Stem
Height Increment
Biotic Stress:
Disease Resistance
(Ganoderma sp.)
Drought Tolerance
High Photo-
synthesis Rate
Pest Resistance
Long Peduncle
High Oil Quality
(Oleate & Carotene)
High Yield
(FFB & OER)
Molecular Breeding of Oil Palm Main Desired Characters
Terima Kasih