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U Medical Systems Inc

PENN PET Model 240 H

WHOLE BODY POSITRON SCANNER BASED ON

LARGE AREA POSITION SENSITIVE DETECTORS

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WHY PENN PET

The

PENN PET

scanner was designed with clinical imaging

in

mind. It therefore offers

a combination of features not commonly found

in

PET instruments.

Equal resolution all 3 directions

combined with fine axial sampling

allows reslicing into coronal, sagittal

and oblique sections.

Large axial field of view

12 8

cm

and no gantry motion, such as wobbling,

permits gated cardiac imaging and fast

dynamic studies without sampling

problems.

Reslicing along major axis of the heart

64

transverse slices and 2 mm spacing

gives superior quantitative accuracy by

eliminating partial volume effect.

Equal resolution

in

XYZ and 2 mm sampling

Superior energy resolution

of sodium iodide detector material

allows use of large acceptance angle

without septa for hig h sensitivity and

low scatter fraction.

6 crystals and

240

photomultipliers

result in a scanner with clinically important

features at an affordable price.

400

r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

300

>

o

200

u

100

200 300 400 500

60 0

ENERGY keV)

10 energy resolution

SPHERE CENTERED SLICE

SPHERE LOCATED BETWEEN SLICES

10000

10000

2 mm slices PENNPET

8000

8000

6 mm slices

>

6000

6000

u

lOOO

2

mm

slices

4000

PENN.PET

2000

2000

,

,

,

0

_ _ _ _ I

0

40

20 30

40

AXIAL DISTANCE mm)

Axial profile through 10 mm sphere with 2mm samples PENN-PET) and with a system having 6 mm slice

separation demonstrating better quantitative accuracy with 2

mm

slices.

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SYSTEM DES RIPTION

DETE TORS

6 large-area posit ion-sensit ive

Nal TI) detectors

high spatial resolution along both

axes 5-6 mm)

high energy resolution 10 FWHM

at5 keV

good coincidence timing

nanosec

FWHM)

pulse shortening and local centroid

calculation for high count rates

S NNER

large patient port suitable for body

imaging 50 cm diameter)

12.8 cm axial field of view with

continuous axial sampling

completely stationary gantry - no

need for complicated wobbling

mechanism

compact design to minimize space

requirements

,

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

separate terminal for acquisit ion

nearscanner

acquisition is controlled by a

pre-processor - frees host

computer during data collection

high speed sorting into project

ion matrices

provisions for dynamic or gated

data acquisition

compact electronics rack - no

need for separate equipment

room

IM GE DISPL Y

Unix-based display and data

analysis software

transverse, sagit tal, coronal and

oblique sections

variable image format, multiple

windows

2-D and 3-D image display and

analysis using regions or

volumes-of-i nterest

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U

Medical Systems Inc.

UGM Medical Systems is dedicated to providing its customers with PET instrumentation

tai lored to clinical use. UGM operates under the direction of Dr Gerd Muehllehner, one

of the leading physicists in PET with over 20 years of experience in Nuclear Medicine

instrumentation. The efforts of Dr.

Muehllehner

and his associates

over

the last 15

years have been aimed at bringing the advantages of continuous position-sensitive

detectors to PET, first through research based at the University of Pennsylvania and

now at UGM Medical Systems.

Sodium Iodide Nal TI Detectors

P T

Until now, commercially available PET scanners have used detectors composed of many

discrete

or

block-type Bismuth Germanate BGO) crystals. While BGO crystals have

certain attractive properties,

their

scintillation light output and

therefore

energy

resolution) is insufficient for use in large-area continuous detectors. To gain the

advantage of

continuous

scintil lation detectors, UGM has chosen to use sodium iodide,

Nal TI), one of

the

most luminescent scintil lators known, and the mainstay of

single-photon

Nuclear

Medicine

in

the form of the

Anger

camera. By using Nal TI)

detectors, the P NN P T can not only provide continuous axial sampling, but can also

obtain the energy resolution necessary for good scatter rejection without extensive

detector

shielding, thereby leading to higher sensitivity.

To maintain the countrate capability, the large-area detectors

in

the P NN P T use

pulse-clipping to shorten the scintillation response of the detectors, thereby increasing

the rate at which the detectors can handle photon interactions. Pulse-clipping has

enabled the

PENN-PET

detectors to operate successfully at count rates of over 2 million

counts per second, a factor of 10 improvement over the best comparable single-photon

device. Furthermore, instead of calculat ing the event using all photomult ip liers in a

crystal, the

P NN P T

detectors only use the photomultipliers in the immediate vicinity

of the scintil lation to posit ion the event, cal led the local centroid . This avoids

interference of signals from other scintillations which may occur in the same crystal

nearly simultaneously. The result is a continuous detector with all the features that

have made it the detector of choice in Nuclear Medicine, but with the count rate

capability necessary for PET.

REFERENCES:

The PENN-PET Model 240 H is based on the design described

in

the following publications:

1

Karp JS, Muehllehner G Mankoff DA, et al: Continuous slice PENN-PET: A positron tomograph with

volume imaging capabil ity. J Nucl Med to be published).

2 Muehllehner G Karp JS, Mankoff DA, et al: Design and performance of a new positron tomograph.

IEEE Trans Nucl Science, 35:670-674, 1988.

3

Mankoff DA, Muehllehner

G

Karp JS: The high count rate performance of a two-dimensionally

position-sensitive detector for positron emission tomography. Phys Med Bioi,

34:437-456 1989.

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PROVEN CLINIC L PERFORM NCE

The

PENN PET s nner

is well suited for a wide variety of clinical procedures. High

resolution equil ibrium images of the brain using O have been used in the study of

Alzheimer s disease tumor detection and staging and the assessment of the severity

of stroke. Ca rd ia c PET has been used in the evaluation of tissue viabili ty for choosing

treatment options and assessing treatment eff icacy. The fine axial resolution and 2mm

slice spacing is particularly effective in neuroreceptor studies.

Normal FDG brain scan

FDG cardiac scan of patient with myocardial

infarction. Papillary muscles are visualized

on these diastolic gated images.

FDG scan of patient with Alzheimers disease

Dynamic study using F-18 spiperone in a

baboon. Each row shows several slices

different rows represent different times.

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WESTERN

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

4815

Mr.

Pt.EASANT DR

FLAGSTAFF,

AZ

86004

602

527-9428

. v l

PERFORM NCE

SPECIFICATIONS

PENN-PET

MODEL

240-H

G NTRY

Pa t i en t aper tu re :

Gantry

t lt

motor ized

t r ans l a t i on

50 cm

/- 15 degrees

for

pa t i en t couch

.

.

DETECTORS

mate r i a l :

s i ze :

usefu l

ax i a l f i e ld of view

length

th ickness

Number

of

de tec to r s

Photomul t ip l iers per

de tec to r

Detec to r

separa t i on

In t r in s i c

s pa t i a l r e so lu t ion FWHM):

t ransverse

ax i a l

Detec to r t iming r e so lu t ion FWHM):

SYSTEM

Sl ice spac ing in

a l l t h ree di rec t ions :

Sl ice t h i ckness increment

se l e c t ab l e

a f t e r

data acqu i s i t ion

Sl ice

separa t i on : over lap o r c on tig uo us

Number

of

s l i c e s :

Fie ld of view:

t r ansver se

axia l

Spa t i a l Resolu t ion FWHM):

t r ansver se

a t 0

from center

t r ansver se a t 10 cm

ax i a l a t 0 from cen te r

axia l

a t 10 cm

NaI Tl

14 cm

50

cm

2.5 cm

6

40

85 cm

5.2

mm

6 .2

mm

3 nsec

d

2

mm

2

mm

64

50 cm

12.8

cm

5.5 mm

6.5 mm

5.8 mm

8 .5

mm

Volume

s en s i t i v i t y :

rand om s an d

s c a t t e r sub t rac t ed

photopeak only

200

keY th reshold

Energy r e sou l t ion FWHM @ 5l lkeV

S c att er f ra c tio n :

18

cm

dia . /photopeak

18

cm dia/250 keV

th reshold

70,000 CPS/uC i/ cc

140 ,000 CPS/uC i/ cc

10

15

25

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