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Pennsylvania; Homeowners Guide To Stormwater Management (Rain Barrel) - Penn State University
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Homeowners Guide to
Stormwater Management
Dana RizzoExtension Educator, Water Quality
Penn State Extension &
Westmoreland Conservation District
Outline
Watersheds
What’s in the Water: Pollutants and Water Quality
Rainwater: Liability or Asset on a Site?
Site Management Maintenance
Grading
Best Management Practices Landscaping
Rain Barrels
Rain Gardens
Porous Pavements
Green Roof
What Is a Watershed?A watershed is the area of land that drains to a
particular point (stream, pond, lake, ocean)
Watersheds
A watershed’s shape is determined by the
surrounding terrain that forms its boundaries.
Watersheds PA has 6 major watersheds & every watershed is
unique.
Forested vs Urban Watersheds
Forested
Mostly covered by trees
Most rain is quickly absorbed by soil
Tree roots hold soil in place and allow the soil to filter the rainwater
Leaf litter cushions rain and prevents water from loosening and moving soil to stream.
Forested vs Urban Watersheds
Urban Mostly covered by
pavement
Most rain runs off streets into storm drains and flows directly into streams
Less vegetation allows for faster moving water
Little to no cushion to prevent rainwater from loosening and moving soil to stream
Annual hydrologic cycle for undisturbed acreagein Westmoreland County
Annual hydrologic cycle for developed acreagein Westmoreland County
What’s in the Water?
Stormwater collects and
transports pollution.
Soil
Pet waste
Herbicides and pesticides
Fertilizer
Salts
Heavy metals
Petroleum products
Rainwater: Liability or Asset?
Liability
Wet basement
Springs in unfortunate
areas
Wet/swampy spots
Damaged landscaping
Winter ice
Mosquito problem
Asset
Green lawns
Healthy landscapes
Visual amenity
Recreation
Drinking water
Wildlife habitat
Where does site water come from?
Roofs (downspouts)
Paving (driveways,
streets, patios)
Subdrains, foundation
drains
Springs, seeps
Off-site, uphill
Where does site water go?
Laying in wetspots
Laying against
foundations
Landscape
Inlets, storm pipes
Street
Off-site, downhill
The Big Picture
If a homesite is part of a
large development there
may already be a
neighborhood
stormwater management
plan in place which
could include:
Swales (grassy channels)
Inlets
Detention basin
Red Flags
Swales dry or filled in with soil or debris
Inlets dry or clogged with trash or debris
Flows diverted by obstructions
Basin has too much or no water after a rain
event
Outlet structure not functioning properly
Swales, inlets not functioning properly
Awareness
Be aware of any
existing controls and if
they are functioning
properly
Inform owner,
municipal maintenance
or homeowner’s
association of any
maintenance needs
What is your site like?
Slopes
Soils
Surface water
Vegetation
Underground utilities
Paved surfaces
Roof drainage
Basement
Soils
Western PA soils
generally have a high
clay content which traps
water near the surface
and reduces the soil’s
capacity for infiltrating
water
Surface Water
Many surface waters are
endangered by lack of
streambank protection
(vegetation) and
excessive stormwater
runoff from developed
areas
Vegetation
Short mowed lawns and
a lack of shade trees,
shrubs and perennials
can cause the ground to
erode or even to harden
and crack, limiting its
ability to soak up water
Underground Utilities
Underground septic
systems, water wells, or
utility lines may get in
the way of certain uses
Underground systems
should be protected
from harm
Paved Surfaces
Paved surfaces, even a
gravel surface choked
with mud, can produce
excessive water runoff
Roof Drainage
Downspouts collect roof
water, but concentrate
the flow which can
damage landscapes and
create undesirable wet
spots
Basement
Water can seep into
basements from poorly
maintained downspouts,
springs, and surface
water which can lay
against the foundation
wall
Problem Spots
Gutters, Downspouts
Subdrains
Low spots
Steep slopes
Seeps, springs
Bare earth
Paved areas
Other
Managing Water On-site
Maintenance
Grading
Best Management
Practices
Landscaping
Rain barrel / cistern
Rain garden
Porous paving
Green roof
Maintenance
Gutters
Downspouts
Subdrains
Swales
Inlets
Pipes
Grading
Avoid steep slopes
Direct water away from
foundation
Protect window wells
Landscaping
Utilizing size, shape, color, texture, and
growth requirements:
Enhance views
Accentuate structures
Define spaces
Attract wildlife
Control climate
Manage stormwater
Landscape Solutions
Leaves, needles, twigs, branches, trunks, bark
all catch, entrap, hold and filter precipitation
before it ever reaches the ground
Healthy plants lead to healthy soils which can
infiltrate water
Evapotranspiration of water from the soil to
the air completes the natural water cycle
Lawn
Healthy lawns – set
mower high to choke
out weeds and shade
soil
Vegetation
Variety of shrubs
and perennials –
natives have
extensive root
systems for water
absorption and
provide food and
habitat for wildlife
Stormwater Functions
Shade trees have an
extensive root system
for healthier soils and
water absorption and the
shade they provide
protects the soil from
drying out
Stormwater Functions
Use Native Plants
Capture runoff
Require less maintenance
Enrich soil
Provide biodiversity
Rain Barrel / Cistern
A rain barrel is a collection system that stores roof top runoff to be used later
Watering lawn & garden
Washing cars
Overflow to garden
Can be installed in series
Rain Barrel Anatomy
A – hole in top for downspout connection, metal screen for mosquitoes
B – hole on side near top for overflow hose
C – hole on side near bottom for hose bib
D – blocks to elevate barrel
D
A
B
C
Rain Barrel Installation
Rain Barrel Installation
How Much Water on your roof?
To estimate the runoff from a roof:
Multiply the roof’s length x width = square feet
Multiply sq. ft. x 0.6 x rainfall in inches = gallons
(0.6 is a conversion factor)
For example, if your roof is 28’ x 40’ = 1120 sq. ft, and you have a 1/4 inch rainstorm:
Rain caught (in gallons) = 1120 sq. ft. x 0.6 x .25 inches = 168 gallons
Worried about
Mosquitoes?
Mosquito Life Cycle
Property Patrol
Rain Garden
Capture first 1 inch of rainfall
Utilizes a plant bed to infiltrate water into the ground
Can be used in series with rain barrels to treat overflow
Can become a focal point in a landscape
Rain Garden Anatomy
Ponding Zone
Retention/filtration Zone
Retention/recharge Zone
6”to 12”
18”to 36”
6”to 12”
Rain Garden Function
Gently sloping site downhill from a downspout
Blend in with other garden features
At least 10 feet away from the house so infiltrating
water doesn’t seep into the foundation
Do not place a rain garden over a septic system
Full or partial sun is best, not under a large tree
Don’t put it where water already ponds (It is meant to
encourage infiltration; a wet patch shows where infiltration is slow)
Rain Garden Location
Rain Garden Plants
Mix of trees, shrubs and
perennials
Growth requirements
matching:
Garden size
Tolerant of sun exposure
Tolerant of moist to wet
soils
Tolerant of drought
conditions
Seasonal interest
Spring
Photo courtesy of Barr Engineering, Burnsville, MN
Summer
Photo courtesy of Barr Engineering, Burnsville, MN
Questions ?