PEOPLE OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Copernicus Came up with the
heliocentric theory = sun-centered conception of the universe The
planets revolve around the sun and the moon revolves around Earth
Daily rotation of Earth on its axis First to create a complete
model of the solar system using physics, astronomy, and mathematics
Previous belief: Aristotle and Ptolemy geocentric (Earth-centered)
conception of the universe, Earth is fixed, as is Heaven belief
since 150 AD Kepler Came up with a mathematical formula that
supported/proved the Copernican theory Stated that the orbits of
planets are elliptical, with the sun at the end, not the center =
Keplers Law Planets orbit the sun in an oval pattern or ellipse
Galileo Built the first telescope and made regular observations
First to observe Saturn, the craters on the moon, sunspots, and the
moons of Jupiter Stated that the heavenly bodies were made of
material substance goes against the beliefs of the Church Previous
belief = Ptolemy heavenly bodies were orbs of light Sir Isaac
Newton Three laws of motion that govern the heavenly bodies and
objects on Earth Universal law of gravitation Gravity affects
objects in the universe as well as on Earth Keeps the planets in
their orbits Universe seen as a regulated machine that worked
according to natural laws Developed calculus to predict the effects
of gravity Vesalius Dissected human bodies and presented an
accurate examination of individual organs and general structure of
the human body Hired artists to produce accurate drawings Previous
belief: Galen, a Greek physician from ancient times, used animals
for dissection Boyle Called the father of modern chemistry First
chemist to define an element Described matter as a cluster of tiny
particles Boyles Law = volume of gas varies with the amount of
pressure exerted on it Francis Bacon Invented the scientific method
Identify a problem and form a hypothesis to be tested Perform
experiments and record the results Analyze the results to form a
conclusion that either proves or disproves the hypothesis Believed
the only true way to gain scientific knowledge was through
experimentation = observing, measuring, explaining, and verifying
Descartes Wrote about doubt and uncertainty of the 17 th century
Father of modern rationalism = reason is the chief source of
knowledge Emphasis on reason Believed everything should be doubted
until it could be proven by reason Doubt about existence I think,
therefore I am Principle of the separation of mind and matter
