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Literatur
• Options for REDD+ Voluntary Certification to Ensure Net GHG Benefits, Poverty Alleviation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Biodiversity Conservation (Merger et.al., 2011)
• Field perspective comparison of forest carbon and forest management standards (NEPCon, 2012)
• Review of Forestry Carbon Standards (2009) -Development of a tool for organizations to identify the most appropriate forestry carbon credit (Lopes, 2009)
• Comparison of Carbon Offset Standards for Climate Forestation Projects participating in the Voluntary Carbon Market (Merger et.al., 2008)
Beberapa Standar Karbon dengan Proyek AFOLU:
• Sertifikasi manfaat dampingan (co-benefit) • Tidak mengatur GRK (CO2e)
• Hanya menerima proyek aforestasi/reforestasi • Fokus ke aspek praktis, transparan, co-benefit
• Menerima A/R, REDD, IFM, ALM • Lebih bervisi pasar (inovasi dan kredibilitas)
• Fokus ke proyek hutan masyarakat (grassroot/community level)
• Khusus proyek di AS/Amerika Utara • Kemungkinan akan linking dengan system cap-
and-trade • Mengadopsi tools dari A/R CDM dan VCS
&
Sumber: Merger et.al., 2011
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Perbandingan Beberapa Standar Karbon Secara Luas ( NEPCon, 2012)
Penyelarasan dengan kebijakan Pemerintah
Beberapa Kutipan:
• Market‐based instruments for enhancing sustainability are only effective if they are credible and have an impact on the ground (NEPCon, 2012)
• Voluntary certification provides useful practical experience that should feed into the design of the international REDD+ regime (Merger, et.al., 2011)
• REDD+ is not only a GHG reduction mechanism, but—if properly designed—REDD+ activities have the potential to deliver significant additional benefits such as poverty alleviation, sustainable forestry production management, and the protection of biodiversity. (Merger, et.al., 2011)
• This trade-off between achieving legitimacy and economic efficiency of standards is a major difficulty of standard setting and has led to specialized standards by project type, scope and modality. (Merger, et.al., 2011)
Untuk didiskusikan:
• Kerangka kebijakan (legal framework): – Tenurial lahan
– Persyaratan khusus
– Pembagian kredit
• Safeguard: – Keterlibatan masyarakat
– Distribusi pendapatan?
• Karbon: – Additionality
– Rekam guna lahan & baseline
– Leakage
– Non-permanence
– Periode kredit
– Waktu verifikasi
– Metodologi
– Validator/verifikator
• Lainnya?
Kesimpulan Sementara dan Rekomendasi:
• Merancang panduan/ketentuan pengembangan proyek AFOLU bagi SKN memerlukan trade-off antara aspek ekonomis, teknis, sosial, lingkungan dan kebijakan eksisting.
• Ketentuan bisa ditetapkan dari yang praktis dulu, dapat segera diterapkan, untuk diperbaiki kemudian bersamaan sejalan dengan lessons learned yg didapat.