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8/8/2019 Perception 3 Good Recovered]
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 1
Sun Rises in the East and Sets
in the West
Is this a fact??
8/8/2019 Perception 3 Good Recovered]
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WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY
ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 3
PERCEPTION
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 4
What is Perception?
It is the process of
selection and
organization of
environmental stimuliand interpreting them
to provide meaningful
experiences for the
perceiver
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 5
Components of Perception
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 6
The Perceptual Process
1. Sensation
An individuals ability to
detect stimuli in the
immediate environment.
2. Selection
The process a person
uses to eliminate some of
the stimuli that have been
sensed and to retainothers for further
processing.
3. Organization
The process of placing
selected perceptual
stimuli into a frameworkforstorage.
4. Translation
The stage of the
perceptual process at
which stimuli areinterpreted and given
meaning.
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 7
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
OrganizingFigure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Response
Covert:Attitudes ,
Motivation,
Feeling
Overt: Behavior
Stages in Perception
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
OrganizingFigure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
OrganizingFigure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
OrganizingFigure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
OrganizingFigure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
ResponseCovert:Attitudes ,
Motivation,
Feelings
Overt: Behavior,
Action
OrganizingFigure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping,
Halo Effect, Projection
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,Location, Size, contrast,
Movement, repetition, similarity
Internal factors : Learning,needs, age, Interest,
8/8/2019 Perception 3 Good Recovered]
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 8
Why should Managers study Perception
Employment
interview
Performance
evaluation Employee efforts
Employee loyalty
Perception
Mapping
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 9
Factors influencing perception
A number of factors operate to
shape and sometimes distort
perception. These factors can
reside in the perceiver, in the
object ortargetbeing
perceived or in the context of
the situation in which the
perception is made.
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 10
Factors in the perceiver
Attitudes
Motives
Interests
Experience
Expectations
Perception
Factors in the Target
Novelty
Motion
Sounds
Size
Background
Proximity
Similarity
Factors in the situation
Time
Work Setting
Social Setting
Factors influencing Perception
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 11
Perceptual organization
It is the process by whichwe group outside stimuliinto recognizable and
identifiable patterns andwhole objects.
Ex-Object with wood,4legs, a seat, a back andarmrests is CHAIR
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 12
Understanding perceptual organizationFactors for grouping
Continuity
Closure
Proximity
Similarity
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 13
Perceptual Interpretation
Mis-interpretations
could lead errors
Judgmental Errors
Similarity Errors Contrast Errors
Perceptual Errors
Perceptual defense
Halo effect
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 14
Attribution Process
Internal Attribution
Perception that outcomes
are due to
motivation/ability rather
than situation or fate
External Attribution
Perception that outcomes
are due to situation orfate rather than the
person
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 15
Kelleys Model of AttributionKelleys Model of Attribution
Consistency
Distinctiveness
Consensus
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 16
Consistency
TimeTime TimeTime
LowLow HighHigh
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 17
Distinctiveness
TasksTasksA B C D E
TasksTasksA B C D E
LowLow HighHigh
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 18
Consensus
PeoplePeople
A B C D E
PeoplePeople
A B C D E
LowLow HighHigh
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Organizational Behavior / Perception 19