Perception of Rape victims

8/10/2019 Perception of Rape victims

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PERCEPTION OF RAPE

GENDER ROLE IN ATTITUDE TOWARDS FEMALE RAPE VICTIM AND MALE

PERPETRATORMOUNIKA MALLU

GARIMA PANWAR

LADY SHRI RAM COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the preset stu!" #s to f#! the !#ffere$es %et&ee the '()e (! fe'()e

(tt#tu!es to&(r!s the fe'()e *#$t#'s (! the '()e perpetr(tors+Geer())", fe'()eo%ser*ers of se-u() s$e(r#os (re 'ore $r#t#$() th( '()e o%ser*ers .Do))(r et ()+ /0012

3u(s et ()+ /00/4+In astudy of both heterosexual and homosexual sexualassaults,male respondents were more likely to blame the depicted victims thanwere female respondents (White and Kurpius 2002) !n the whole,female respondents are more sympathetic to victims than are malerespondents ("roussard et al #$$#%&c'auley and arker 200#), whotend to blame rape victims (White and Kurpius 2002) esearchsu**ests that respondent characteristics impact individuals+perceptions of criminal sexual behavior In particular, the *ender of theindividual observin* and ratin* the crime aects perceptions of *uiltand deserved punishment, such that female respondents are morecritical than male respondents (-ollar et al 200.% /uas et al 2002)enerally, comparedto male under*raduates, female under*raduates are more supportiveof victims, more likely to blame the defendant, and more likely toproduce a *uilty verdict (&c'auley and arker 200#)

HYPOTHESES:#) We expected that female respondents would condemn the maleperpetrator more as compared to the male respondents2) 1he male respondents are expected to blame the female victimsmore than the female respondents

METHOD:In order to address these hypotheses we employed email uestionnairethat was administered to #3 females and males each of a*e *roup #4523 yrs We have taken the mean of the scores of the 6ve dierentcases to avoid the situational bias

QUESTIONNAIRE:1he uestionnaire has been desi*ned based on the 7oun* adult+sperception of non5forcible sexual activity by 8arah Koon &a*nin%"arry uback In this research we have taken 6ve newspaper reportson dierent rape cases in which the victim was female and theperpetrator was male


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1hus, all versions depicted one scenario where there the victim isfemale and the perpetrator Importantly, the terms 9victim: and9perpetrator: were not used in the uestionnaire because of the biasthat would be introduced by these terms ather, respondents weresimply asked to rate one scenario depictin* 9the ;5year old female:

and the 975year old male: 1his paper focuses solely on the eects ofthe manipulation of ape scenarios to randomi harm, blameworthiness,badness, deserved punishment, and likelihood of committin* crime inthe future ?ach of these ratin*s was based on a @5point unipolar scaleran*in* from 9Aot at Bll: (#) to 9?xtremely: (@) Cnder this codin*system, hi*her scores represented more ne*ative evaluations We didnot reverse code any items on the uestionnaire

SAMPLEInstructions

We (re $(rr"#5 out ( sur*e" to u!erst(! peop)e6s re($t#o to e&sp(per reports of r(pe$r#'es+ P)e(se re(! the re$et e&s report (! (s&er the 7uest#os th(t fo))o& %"

$#r$)#5 the u'%er th(t %est f#ts "our op##o+ There (re o r#5ht or &ro5 (s&ers+ We

(re o)" #tereste! # "our hoest op##o+ Re'e'%er th#s sur*e" #s (o"'ous (! "our(s&ers )) o)" %e use! for rese(r$h purposes+ Th#s #s ot t#'e! so p)e(se (s&er (t

"our o& p($e (! retur the for' to the rese(r$her &he f##she!+ Th(8 "ou+

Personal Information

N('e9::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Ge!er9:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

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E!u$(t#o() 7u()#f#$(t#o9::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Recent newsreport on rape cases

1.KARNAL:Vimala Devi, a 50-year-old woman was gangraped by o!r !niden"iied

persons in a village in

Karnal dis"ri#" w$en s$e was re"!rning rom ield a" %.00p.m. on 1&"$

o#"ober,'01'.

($e vi#"im in $er #omplain" alleged "$a" s$e was raped by "wo persons

in a arm in Daner)i village yes"erday. La"er on, "wo more persons

*oined "$em and "oo) "!rns "o rape $er, poli#e so!r#es said "oday.

A.Do you think that vimala i!


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;

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# future

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$r#'e # future

B.Do you think that the men in the case is..

;

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th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?

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$r#'e # future

'.N+ D+L:($e /am!na Nagar poli#e $ave arres"ed a 0-year-old man or allegedlyraping a minor girl.


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($e a##!sed, iden"iied as !rnam 2ing$ w$o was )nown "o "$e vi#"imallegedly oered, 3ree"i, a li" in $is #ar w$en s$e was on $er way"o visi" $er sis"er on (!esday. 4e "old me $e wo!ld drop me, b!" "$en$e "oo) me "$ro!g$ some ores" and made me sleep and "$en raped me,4eplains "$e vi#"im.

A.Do you think that P"##ti i!;

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th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?

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# future

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$r#'e # future

B.Do you think that Gurnam in the case is..

;

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th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?

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6.7ARDA8AD:A domes"i# $elp, was #riminally assa!l"ed in


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"$e s"a"e9s 7aridabad dis"ri#".

($e '0-year-old vi#"im,eena alleged "$a" s$e was raped by $er mas"er a" $is2e#"or '1;A< residen#e on onday nig$" w$en s$e was abo!" "o leavea"er wrapping !p $o!se$old wor)s, poli#e said.

A.Do you think that M##na i!;

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th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

h(r'e! %" th#s

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/ < 1 = > ?

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%(!

;

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%)('e&orth"

;

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pu#sh'et

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pu#sh'et

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)#8e)" to

$o''#t $r#'e

# future

/ < 1 = > ?E-tre'e)"

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$r#'e # future

B.Do you think that the man in the case is..

;Not (t ())

h(r'e! %"

th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?E-tre'e)"

h(r'e! %" th#s

($t#*#t"

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# future

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$r#'e # future


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.8ANAL=R+: n ye" ano"$er s$o#)ing a#" o depraved violen#e agains"women, a '1-year-old so!"$ Asian s"!den" o "$e #o!n"ry9s premierNa"ional Law 2#$ool o ndia >niversi"y was allegedly gang-raped by agro!p o seven "o eig$" dr!n) men in "$e ad*oining ?nanab$ara"$i#amp!s o 8angalore >niversi"y la"e on 2a"!rday nig$" w$en s$e waso!" wi"$ a male riend in $is #ar in a ores"ed area.

A.Do you think that th# $oman i!;

Not (t ())

h(r'e! %"

th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

h(r'e! %" th#s

($t#*#t"

;

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/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

%(!

;

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%)('e&orth"

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

%)('e&orth"

;Not (t ())

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/ < 1 = > ?E-tre'e)"

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pu#sh'et

;

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)#8e)" to

$o''#t $r#'e

# future

/ < 1 = > ?

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)#8e)" to $o''#t

$r#'e # future

B.Do you think that the men in the case is..

;

Not (t ())

h(r'e! %"

th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

h(r'e! %" th#s

($t#*#t"

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pu#sh'et

;

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$o''#t $r#'e

# future

/ < 1 = > ?

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)#8e)" to $o''#t

$r#'e # future


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5.@+NNA: A '&-year-old man was arres"ed or alleged se!alassa!l" on $is emale #olleag!e,2$r!"i, a"er repor"edly spi)ing $er drin)wi"$ da"e rape dr!g.

A##ording "o repor"s, "$e vi#"im a##ompanied "$e a##!sed "o $is

riends $o!se w$ere s$e was oered a drin), s!pposedly spi)ed wi"$da"e rape dr!g. =n wa)ing !p, s$e realised "$a" s$e $ad been viola"edand repor"ed "$e ma""er "o "$e poli#e

A.Do you think that Sh"uti i!;

Not (t ())

h(r'e! %"

th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

h(r'e! %" th#s

($t#*#t"

;

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/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

%(!;

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/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

%)('e&orth"

;

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pu#sh'et

;

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)#8e)" to

$o''#t $r#'e

# future

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

)#8e)" to $o''#t

$r#'e # future

B.Do you think that the man in the case is..

;

Not (t ())

h(r'e! %"

th#s ($t#*#t"

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

h(r'e! %" th#s

($t#*#t"

;

Not (t ()) %(!

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

%(!

;

Not (t ())

%)('e&orth"

/ < 1 = > ?

E-tre'e)"

%)('e&orth"

;

Not (t ())

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pu#sh'et

/ < 1 = > ?

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!eser*#5 of

pu#sh'et

;

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/ < 1 = > ?

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)#8e)" to

$o''#t $r#'e

# future

)#8e)" to $o''#t

$r#'e # future

RESULTS AND %ON%LUSION>We have Within5subDects desi*n which has the created factors of

Eictim 'ondemnation and erpetrator 'ondemnation Bnalysis ofvariance provides comparisons of the multiple ratin*s provided byindividual respondents and makes it possible to look at the amount ofdierence between individuals in their ratin*s of the actors (based onrespondent *ender, depicted victim *ender), as well as withinindividuals in their ratin*s of the two actors> victim and perpetrator(B*resti and=inlay #$$@) In this research, the between5subDectseects,reported 6rst, were used to measure the dierences inresponses based upon dierent conditions of the

1he within subDects eects, reported second, were conducted on thetwo created factors, Eictim 'ondemnation and erpetrator'ondemnation "ecause each respondent rated both the victim andthe perpetrator in the depicted scenarios, usin* the same 35Indicator scale for each, these two factors were treated as repeatedmeasures 1hus, we employed repeated measures to test whether,overall, there were dierences between Eictim 'ondemnation anderpetrator 'ondemnation provided by the respondents and whetherthese factors interacted with the between5subDects variables"etween58ubDects1he mean of the scores of the female and male respondents in all the

cases has been calculated in order to compare the female and malecondemnation of the female victim and male perpetrator separatelybased on the uestions

Th# ta&l# ho$in' th# m#an (o"# o) th# mal# "#*on+#ntan+ )#mal# "#*on+#nt o) th# )#mal# vi(tim&easures =emale

8core(;)&ale 8core(7)


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Farmed G3@ G0@"ad #@3 23H"lameworthy 2HG 2.unishable #H$ #@.=uture 'rime #$G 23#

Th# ta&l# ho$in' th# m#an (o"# o) th# mal# "#*on+#ntan+ )#mal# "#*on+#nt o) th# mal# *#"*#t"ato"&easures =emale

8core(;)&ale 8core(7)

Farmed #3G 2.H"ad G.$ 34@"lameworthy GHG G04unishable G@@ GH0=uture 'rime 3.. 3H$

We have employed a method to measure the dierence between themeans of the scores in each measure by calculatin* the percenta*e8uppose if the mean scores of female and male respondents are ; and71he percenta*e of dierence is calculated usin* (;57) or (75;)@J#00

Th# Ta&l# ho$in' +i,#"#n(# t$##n th# (o"# o) th# )#mal#"#*on+#nt an+ mal# "#*on+#nt o) th# )#mal# vi(tim an+th# *#"(#nta'# o) th#i" +i,#"#n(#&easures ;57 Farmed L03 @"ad 50@4 ###"lameworthy 500. 03@unishable 50H3 3=uture 'rime 5033 @4

JL si*n indicates that the female respondents have rated the measurein the uestion more than the male respondents and vice5versa

Th# Ta&l# ho$in' +i,#"#n(# t$##n th# (o"# o) th# )#mal#"#*on+#nt an+ mal# "#*on+#nt o) th# mal# *#"*#t"ato"an+ th# *#"(#nta'# o) th#i" +i,#"#n(#.&easures ;57 Farmed 504@ #2


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"ad L0@2 #0"lameworthy L024 .unishable L0.@ G@=uture 'rime L003 0@JL si*n indicates that the female respondents have rated the measure

in the uestion more than the male respondents and vice5versa =rom the tables above, it can be inferred that the 6rst hypothesisthat female respondents would condemn the male perpetrator more ascompared to the male respondents as expected from (;57) value whichis positive (L024) indicatin* that females 6nd the male perpetratorsto be more blameworthy when compared to the male respondents

1he second hypothesis that male respondents are expected to blamethe female victims more than the female respondents is also acceptedfrom the ne*ative (500.) value of (;57) indicatin* that malerespondents rated to be more blameworthy in comparison to thefemale respondents

When the scores *iven by females and males to all the uestions areconsidered individually, it is clear that the females think that thefemale victims are harmed @ more than the males and that the malesthink that the male perpetrator is harmed by the activity #2 morethan the females Interestin*ly, females think that female victims are ### bad ascompared to the males=emales think that the male perpetrators are #0 bad as compared tothe males 8o basically, women have rated the victim and perpetratorbad as compared to the males &ales think that the victim is to be 3 more punishable as compared

to the females =emales have rated the perpetrator to be G@ morepunishable than males respondents have rated them 8o, clearlyfemales condemn the perpetrator as compared to the males and thinkthat he should be punished&ales think the female victims are @4 more likely to commit crime inthe future as compared to the females =emales think that the maleperpetrators are 0@ more likely to commit crime in the future ascompared to the males=rom all these uestions it is clearly evident that the femalerespondents are more critical of the perpetrator than the malerespondents 1his can be inferred from the scores in the

blameworthiness attributed to the victim and the perpetrator indierent casesBcross the cases it has been found the victim is blamed more in theacuaintance rape and when she is perceived to have some contactwith the perpetrator and when she was out in odd timin*s?;MBAB1I!A


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1his could possibly explained by the fact that female respondentsmi*ht have sympathi?/??00


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M$C(u), K+, Ve)tu', L+ G+, @o"e$h8o, V+, Cr(&for!, + + .;BB04+

U!erst(!#5 (ttr#%ut#o of *#$t#' %)('e for r(pe9 Se-, *#o)e$e (!

foresee(%#)#t"+Journal of Applied Social Psychology,20, ;/>+

Kre(5er, D+ A+, St(ff, + ./00B4+ The se-u() !ou%)e st(!(r! (! (!o)es$et peer

($$ept($e+ So$#() Ps"$ho)o5" 3u(rter)", ?/,;11+

!o#9;0+;;??0;B0/?/=0B0?/00/0= Wh#te, @+ H+, Kurp#us, S+ E+ R+ ./00/4+ Effe$ts of *#$t#' se- (! se-u()

or#et(t#o o per$ept#os of r(pe+ Se- Ro)es, 1>, ;B;

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Perception of Rape victims