0889-5406/2002/$35.00 � 0 8/8/125969doi:10.1067/mod.2002.125969

Perceptions of treatment satisfactionin a cleft team: a questionnaireapproachAlison Cartright Reid, BS, DDSCollege of Dentistry, The Ohio State University

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree ofsatisfaction of parents or legal guardians of children with cleftlip and/or palate with the overall treatment process, theinteraction with the various specialists, the attention given topsychosocial and psychological issues, and the overall treat-ment process and outcome received at Children’s Hospital inColumbus, Ohio. A questionnaire was pilot tested and admin-istered at the patients’ routine orthodontic appointments. Eachsubject was given a standardized introduction to the study anda brief description of the questionnaire. In addition, eachsubject was instructed to complete the questionnaire indepen-dently and was given $10 for participation.

The questionnaire, derived from one previously used byWilliams et al in 2001, consisted of 5 main items. Wereceived 63 completed questionnaires. The average respon-dent was a white mother 40 years of age.

Our results indicated that parents or legal guardians ofchildren with cleft lip and/or palate treated at Children’sHospital in Columbus are satisfied with the care and treatmenttheir child has received. The need for a counselor or psychol-ogist is indicated (92.5%-96.3%). Teasing was reported in60% of the children. The teasing concerned the child’s facialappearance (79.6%).

0889-5406/2002/$35.00 � 0 8/8/125967doi:10.1067/mod.2002.125967

A comparison of cephalometricsuperimposition techniques in ortho-donticsLenka Kusa, MUDr, Dipl.OrthoDepartment of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada

The purpose of this study was to compare 2 popularsuperimposition techniques for evaluating the skeletal anddental relationships on the mandible. Serial lateral cephalo-grams of 51 untreated female and male subjects from theBurlington Growth Center, University of Toronto, were usedat ages 9, 12, 14, and 16. Ricketts’ Position 1 and Position 4of his 4-point technique were compared with the structuralsuperimposition technique of Bjork and on stable anatomicstructures of the cranial base and of the mandible. Anorthogonal coordinate system was used for measuring verticaland horizontal differences between the 2 techniques. Sixdental and skeletal landmarks were identified on the mandible

and compared. Means and standard deviations of measuredlandmarks and of linear and angular changes were statisticallyanalyzed. Paired t tests were performed to confirm differencesbetween the 2 methods. Statistically significant differenceswere shown between Ricketts’ Position 1 and Bjork’s stableanatomic structures for both males and females. No statisti-cally significant differences were shown between Ricketts’Position 4 and Bjork’s stable anatomic structures on themandible for either males or females. The study demonstrateddifferences between the 2 superimposition techniques, whichproduced different x- and y-coordinate readings for differentlandmarks. There were differences related to the structuresused for the superimposition of the tracings and differencesfrom rotational and translational errors between tracings. Thecompared superimposition methods are not interchangeable.

0889-5406/2002/$35.00 � 0 8/8/125971doi:10.1067/mod.2002.125971

Evaluation of the effects of curcuminon expression and function of selectedphase I and phase II enzymes incultured oral keratinocytes

Anthony Rinaldi, DDSCollege of Dentistry, The Ohio State University

Because the fate of a carcinogen depends on whichmetabolic pathway (detoxification or bioactivation) pre-vails, routes to augment detoxification are a chemopreven-tive focus. Curcumin, the major phenolic antioxidant andanti-inflammatory agent in the spice tumeric, has demon-strated anticarcinogenic effects in varied animal models,potentially by down-regulating carcinogen bioactivation(Huang 1998 and Singh, 1998). This study used culturedhuman oral premalignant (immortalized, nontumorgenic)and malignant keratinocytes to investigate the effect ofcurcumin on (1) key carcinogen metabolizing phase I P450enzymes (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) via determination ofethoxyresorufin (ER) O-deethylation (HPLC assay); (2)functional activities of the phase II detoxifying enzymeglutathione S-transferase (GST) (spectrophotometric ki-netic assay) and levels of the cytoprotective tripeptide,glutathione (GSH) (spectrophotometric assay); and (3)growth factor-associated signal transduction by inhibitingactivation of the transcription activating factor, NF-�B.Our results showed that sustained curcumin treatmentappears to increase activities of the phase I enzymesCYP1Al and CYPlB1. This may reflect increased expres-sion and/or efficiency of phase I enzymes. However,because of curcumin’s abilities to antagonize bioactivationof procarcinogens, this is not necessarily a liability (Cio-lino, 1998). Increases in the oxidant scavenger glutathioneupon stimulation of P450 oxidant metabolism likely reflectde novo glutathione synthesis in the curcumin free-cell

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsVolume 122, Number 2

Reviews and Abstracts 231