perceptioperception-1226984798205713-9.ppn-1226984798205713-9

8/12/2019 perceptioperception-1226984798205713-9.ppn-1226984798205713-9

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PERCEPTION

NISHA

HARIYANI


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Chapter-5 2


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Chapter-5 3


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Chapter-5 4


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Chapter-5 5


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Chapter-5 6

PERCEPTION

CHAPTER-5


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Objectives of The Chapter

To understand Meaning of Perception

Sensation Vs Perception Sub processes of Perception

Perceptual Selectivity

Factors influencing Perception

Perceptual Organization Social Perception

Impression Management

Linkage between Perception and Individual

decision-making


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What do You Understand by this

Picture?


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Meaning of Perception

Perception may be defined as the

process by which an individual

selects, organizes and interprets

stimuli into a meaningful and coherent

picture of the environment in which he

lives.


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Sensation Vs Perception

Sensation deals with the basic

behavior of an individual, caused by

his physiological functions.

Perception is the process by which an

individual selects, organizes and

interprets stimuli into a meaningful andcoherent picture of the environment in

which he lives.


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Sub processes of Perception

External

Environment

Confrontation

Consequences Behavior

Feedback

InterpretationRegistration

Sociocultural

Environment

Physical

Environment


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Perceptual Selectivity

Though people are exposed to several

stimuli , they tend to select only a few

at a given point of time, this is

perceptual selectivity.

Subliminal Perception : when the

stimuli is so subtle that an individual

may not even be conscious that he is

exposed to some stimulus.


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Chapter-5 13

Factors Influencing Perceptual

Selectivity

External Attention

Factors

Intensity Size

Contrast

Repetition

Motion

Novelty and

familiarity

Internal Set Factors

Learning andPerception

Motivation and

Perception

Personality and

Perception


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Chapter-5 14

External Attention Factors

Intensity

According to the intensity principle of

attention, the intensity of an external

stimulus determines its probability of

being perceived.

Example:

Light Colour Bright Colour


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Chapter-5 15

Size:

A larger object is more likely to be noticed

than a smaller object.

Example:Which you can read fast?

God is great God is great



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Chapter-5 16

Contrast: According to the principles ofcontrast, the stimuli that contradict most with

the background or the expectations of people

receive maximum attention.

Example:Which white square is smaller?



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Chapter-5 18

Repetition

The more number of

times a stimulus isrepeated, the more it

is likely to be noticed

Novelty andFamiliarity:

New objects in a

familiar situation or

familiar objects in a

new situation draw

the perceivers

attention.

External Attention Factors Contd


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Chapter-5 19

Internal Set Factors

Learning and Perception:

Learning by itself plays a major role in

developing the perceptual set.

Example:

Hilly

Terrrain

Ahead


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Chapter-5 20

Motivation andPerception:

The primarymotives:

Hunger and Thirst

The secondarymotives:

The need forpower, The needfor affiliation andThe need for

achievement

Personality and

Perception:

Personality of a

person influenceperception


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Chapter-5 21

Factors Influencing Perception

The Perceiver

The Target

The Situation


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Chapter-5 22

Emphasizes on the

subsequent activities

that take place in the

perceptual Process

after a stimulus is

received.

Perceptual Organization


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Chapter-5 23

Forms of Perceptual Organization

Figure-ground Perceptual Grouping

Closure

Continuity

Proximity

Similarity

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Context

Perceptual Defense


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Chapter-5 24

Perceptual Organization

Figure-ground:

In perceiving stimuli or phenomena,

the tendency is to keep certain

phenomena in focus and other

phenomena in background.


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An individual tends to group several

stimuli together into a recognizable

pattern. Various forms

Closure

Continuity

Proximity

Similarity

Perceptual Grouping


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Chapter-5 26

The perception of elements like size,

shape, color, brightness and location of

an object remains constant and does

not change from individual toindividual.

Example: Photograph

Perceptual ContextIt provides meaning and value to

objects, events, situation and other

people in the environment.

Perceptual Constancy
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Chapter-5 27

It refers to the screening of those

elements which create conflict and

threatening situation in people.

Perceptual Defense


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Chapter-5 28

Social Perception

It is directly concerned with how oneindividual perceives other individuals;how we get to know others.

Factors affectingSocial

perception

Attribution Stereotyping The HaloEffect


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Chapter-5 29

Attribution

Attribution refers to how peopleexplain the cause of anothersor their

own behavior.

The determination depends onthree factors:

Distinctiveness

Consensus

Consistency


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Chapter-5 30

Stereotyping

It is the tendency to perceive

another person as belonging to a

single class or category

Halo effect

The person is perceived on the basisof one trait or event.


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Impression Management

It is referred to as self presentation

It is the process by which people try

to manage or control the perceptions

formed by other people about

themselves.


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Chapter-5 32

Impression Management Strategies Used By

Employees

Demotion-

preventive strategy Accounts

Apologies

Disassociation

Promotion-enhancing

strategy

Entitlements

Enhancements

Obstacle-

disclosure

Association


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Chapter-5 33

It is used when employees want to

minimize their responsibilities for negative

outcome

Accounts

Apologies

Disassociation

Demotion-Preventive Strategy


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Chapter-5 34

It is used when employees want tomaximize their responsibility for a

positive outcome or improve their

image

Entitlements

Enhancements

Obstacle-disclosure

Association

Promotion-Enhancing Strategy:


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Chapter-5 35

Linkage Between Perception and Individual

Decision-making

Perception has a crucial role in individualdecision-making in organizations, by

affecting both the decision as well as the

quality of the decision.

The decision taken by an individual is a

complex process involving the intake of data,

screening procession and interpreting and

evaluating of data, based on the perceptions

of the individual.


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Summary of The Chapter

Meaning of Perception

Sensation Vs perception

Sub processes of perception

Perceptual selectivity Factors influencing perception

Perceptual organization

Social Perception

Impression management

Linkage between perception and

individual decision-Making

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