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V|eeoea Blm`; ^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

^lvjgvhmecl Hlms|vls oe Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep

Slme H% Hma|ovl

Pbl Vgcdljliilv Cgiilal gj ^|fioc Mjjmovs * ^giocy) \eozlvsopy mp Mifmey

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Mfspvmcp

Pbos ~m~lv lrmhoels pbl |sl gj ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls ge lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep oe spmpl

me` igcmi agzlvehleps qopboe pbl \eopl` Spmpls% Jgv pbl ~|v~gsl gj jvmhoea pbl `osc|ssoge) m

fvolj vlzolq gj pbl bospgvy gj me` |sl gj alelvmi ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls oe agzlvehlep os

~vgzo`l`) jgc|soea ge pbl lmviy qgvd fy C%L% Vo`ily jgv pbl Oeplvempogemi Copy Hmemalvs

Mssgcompoge oe =?03%

Elrp) pbos ~m~lv qoii `osc|ss bgq me` qblvl ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls mvl |sl` oe lcgeghoc

`lzlig~hlep% Pbos qoii ~vlslep sghl gj pbl cbmiileals pbmp lrosp oe m~~iyoea ~lvjgvhmecl

hlms|vls oe pbl joli` gj lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep% Qboil pbl py~l gj oejgvhmpoge ell`l` pg

lzmi|mpl ~vgavmh ~lvjgvhmecl cme fl mavll` |~ge) mcvgss pbl joli` gj lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep

pblvl os m imcd gj cgesles|s ge pbl py~l gj `mpm pbmp sbg|i` fl |poio{l` oe `lzlig~oea g|pcghls%

Alelvmiiy) pblvl mvl ojjlvlep py~ls gj hlms|vls |sl` oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep; g|p~|ps me`

g|pcghls% Sg|vcls `ojjlvlepompl flpqlle pbl pqg qopb g|p~|ps `ljoel` ms qbmp qms `gel "o%l%

hgely s~lep) bg|vs qgvdl`) cmiis vlclozl`/ me` g|pcghls `ljoel` ms qbmp qms pbl cgesl}|lecl

"o%l% kgfs cvlmpl`) oezlsphlep hm`l/% G|p~|ps mvl flsp |sl` pg hlms|vl ljjocolecy zlvs|s oe~|ps

`l`ocmpl` pg pbl mcpozopy "l%a% kgfs cvlmpl` jgv lmcb `giimv lr~le`l`/% G|pcghls cme fl m

cbmiileal pg cgiilcp me` mcc|vmcy vl}|ovls m soaeojocmep ilzli gj `|l `oioalecl) f|p py~ocmiiy

~vgzo`l pbl flsp hlms|vl gj bgq qlii m ~vgavmh os mcbolzoea ops agmis "l%a% pbl vgil me lcgeghoc

`lzlig~hlep ~vgavmh ~imy oe `lcosoges pg igcmpl gv lr~me` m f|soelss/%

Joemiiy) pbos ~m~lv qoii vlzolq mpplh~ps fy Elq _gvd Spmpl oe lzmi|mpoea pqg gj ops

~vohmvy lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgavmhs mzmoimfil pg igcmi agzlvehleps; Lh~ovl [gels me`

Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

^lvjgvhmecl Hlms|vls oe Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep

Oepvg`|cpoge gj ^lvjgvhmecl Hlms|vlhlep

M clep|vy mag) agzlvehlep qms cgeso`lvl` cghhle`mfil oj op qms bgelsp qopb pbl

~lg~il "Vo`ily) =?03) ~%=/% Bgqlzlv) hgvl pbme 1> ylmvs mag) pbl Oeplvempogemi Copy Hmemalvs

Mssgcompoge o`lepojol` m lhme` pbmp agzlvehlep flcghl hgvl mccg|epmfil% Mccg|epmfoiopy os m

j|soge gj fgpb pbl bgelspy `lhme`s gj m clep|vy mag me` pbl ljjocolecy `lhme`s gj m oe`|spvomi

me` ~gsp(oe`|spvomi sgcolpy% Op qms pbl ~gsp(oe`|spvomi sgcolpy pbmp qms qlii mcc|spghl` pg m

~vozmpl slcpgv jgc|sl` ge agg` ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vl` fy ~vgjops% Pbos lr~lvolecl qms pvmesimpl`

oepg pbl ~|fioc slcpgv mp pbl p|ve gj pbl clep|vy qopb pbl lspmfiosbhlep gj pbl OCHM me` jgc|sl`

mpplepoge ge ~lvjgvhmecl% Agzlvehlep) oe cgepvmsp pg pbl ~vozmpl slcpgv) `gls egp lzmi|mpl gv

hlms|vl ~lvjgvhmecl fy ~vgjops gv avgqpb% Ops ~lvjgvhmecl os py~ocmiiy lzmi|mpl` ge bgq

ljjocolep lsslepomi slvzocls mvl ~vgzo`l`% Flcm|sl gj pbos) ~|fioc slcpgv ~vgjlssogemis qlvl jmcl`

qopb o`lepojyoea m~~vg~vompl hlpvocs jgv bgq qlii h|eoco~mi slvzocls mvl floea ~vgzo`l`%

Pbl ell` jgv me` oh~gvpmecl gj igcmi agzlvehlep ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep os }|opl

lzo`lep fy pbl fg`y gj oejgvhmpoge pbmp lrosps alelvmiiy ge pbl s|fklcp% M v|`ohlepmvy slmvcb ge

pbl s|fklcp qoii vlp|ve pbl |slv qopb mey e|hflv gj vlsg|vcls jvgh mcm`lhoc pg ~vgjlssogemi me`

jvgh ~|fioc g~oeoge pg ~|fioc ~giocy% Mp pbl ~vlslep pohl) agzlvehleps mvl jmcoea iohopl` joscmi

vlsg|vcls mcvgss jl`lvmi) spmpl me` igcmi agzlvehleps% \eiodl pbl jl`lvmi agzlvehlep qbocb cme

cmvvy f|`alp `ljocops) hmey gpblv ilzlis gj h|eoco~mi agzlvehlep cmeegp gv cgespop|leps qoii egp

pgilvmpl op% Oe hmdoea `ojjoc|ip `lcosoges) gjjocomis mvl oecvlmsoeaiy iggdoea pg ~lvjgvhmecl

hlms|vlhlep pg lzmi|mpl slvzocls me` ~vgavmhs% Fy |soea ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep) gjjocomis

cme hmdl m vla|imv hlms|vlhlep gj pbl vls|ips "g|pcghls/ me` ljjocolecy gj slvzocls gv

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

~vgavmhs "Bmpvy) 6>>:/% @goea sg miigqs gjjocomis pg hmdl vlcghhle`mpoges me` `lcosoges

fmsl` ge gfklcpozl `mpm cgiilcpl` ge ~vgavmhs%

F|oi`oea ge Bmpvys mss|h~poge) C{gbmvm me` Hlidlv gjjlv pblov gqe mss|h~poge ge bgq

pbmp oejgvhmpoge qoii fl |sl`% Pbl oe`ocmpl pbmp pbl vmpogemil flboe` pbl m`g~poge gj

~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls os pbmp flpplv hmemalhlep) ~vgavmh me` f|`alpoea `lcosoges qoii fl

hm`l "6>>0) ~% :/% Gj cg|vsl) pbos mss|hls pbmp m`l}|mpl spl~s mvl pmdle pg m~~vg~vompliy

lzmi|mpl ~vgavmhs me` ~giocols% Pbgsl vls|ips) gv g|pcghls me` g|p~|ps) mvl |sl` fy ~|fioc

gjjocomis pg hmdl `lcosoges ge qblvl ~gplepomi g~~gvp|eopols lrosp pg oh~vgzl ljjocolecols me`

slvzocl `liozlvy% Pblsl ljjocolecols gjple bmzl m agmi gj vl`|coea pbl cgsp pg |slvs gv oh~vgzoea

gzlvmii slvzocl `liozlvy pg pbl le` |slv gv cges|hlv% Me lrmh~il gj pbos cg|i` fl pbl e|hflv gj

kgfs cvlmpl` fy me lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgavmh% Pbl lzmi|mpgv hmy cgeso`lv gpblv oe~|ps pg

`lzlig~ m ~lv kgf cvlmpl` hlms|vlhlep) s|cb ms spmjj bg|vs ~lv kgf cvlmpl` gv h|eoco~mi

cgsp ~lv kgf cvlmpl`%

Agzlvehleps py~ocmiiy cgiilcp m avlmp lmi gj oejgvhmpoge ge ~vgavmhs% Op os cgvvlcp pg

fliolzl pbmp pbos oejgvhmpoge os egp elclssmvoiy cgiilcpl` jgv pbl ~|v~gsls gj ~lvjgvhmecl

hlms|vlhlep% Oe jmcp) hlpbg`s pg les|vl bgelsp oe pbl m`hoeospvmpoge gj agzlvehlep me`

`liozlvy gj slvzocls bmzl igea flle `lzosl` me` mvl sohoimv pg plcbeo}|ls |sl` oe ~lvjgvhmecl

hlms|vlhlep% Plcbeo}|ls s|cb ms m|`ops) ilami cblcds me` fmimecls) me` pbl `lclepvmio{mpoge gj

m|pbgvopy bmzl flle |sl` pg les|vl pbl ~|fioc pbmp agzlvehlep os bgelsp oe bgq op g~lvmpls me`

`liozlvs slvzocls% Bgqlzlv) pblsl plcbeo}|ls migel `g egp m``vlss bgq ljjocolep me` ljjlcp

agzlvehlep os oe pbl `liozlvy gj elclssmvy ~|fioc slvzocls "Vo`ily) =?03/% Alelvmiiy) pvm`opogemi

m|`ops hmy |ecgzlv z|ielvmfoiopols pg ljjocolecy f|p `g egp vlzlmi ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls |eilss

me m|`op qms s~lcojocmiiy pmvalpl` pg `g sg oe ops scg~l%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Bospgvy gj ^lvjgvhmecl Hlms|vlhlep

Mcm`lhocs me` ~vgjlssogemis miodl py~ocmiiy mavll pbmp pbl ime`hmvd hgegavm~b ge

h|eoco~mi ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls qms oss|l` fy pbl Oeplvempogemi Copy Hmemalvs Mssgcompoge

"OCHM/ me` m|pbgvl` oe =?32) lepopil` Hlms|voea H|eoco~mi Mcpozopols% Oe pbl slcge`

m``opoge) pbl m|pbgv mcdegqil`als pbl zmio`opy gj pbl jovsp l`opoge egpoea pbmp oe pbl ioplvmp|vl pbmp

bm` m~~lmvl` soecl =?32) pblvl bmzl flle eg `lzlig~hleps pbmp qg|i` elclssopmpl m ell` jgv me

s|fspmepozl cbmeals pg pbl `gc|hlep% Vmpblv) pbl slcge` m``opoge qms hlvliy me |~`mpl qopb pbl

oeci|soge gj elq `lzlig~hleps soecl =?32%

Soecl pbl slcge` m``opoge os soh~iy me lr~mesoge) op os spoii oh~gvpmep pg egpl pbmp Vo`ily

cgepoe|l` pg ohhl`ompliy mcdegqil`al pbl cbmiileal oe hlms|voea pbl mcpozopols gj g|v

agzlvehleps% Bl spmpls pbmp agzlvehlepmi mcpozopols cmeegp fl hlms|vls oe plvhs gj soh~il

|eops gv oe`ocls qbocb m|pghmpocmiiy lzmi|mpl vls|ips "=?03) ~% ooo/ oe pbl jgvqmv` pg pbl jovsp

l`opoge% Jgv lrmh~il) agzlvehleps cmeegp soh~iy v|e m smils vl~gvp pg `lplvhoel bgq qlii op os

~lvjgvhoea) ms sghl oe pbl ~vozmpl slcpgv cme `g% Pbos spmplhlep os ~mvp gj pbl jg|e`mpoge pbmp pbl

joli` gj ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep bms lspmfiosbl` opslij ge% Egpoea jvgh pbl ~vlzog|s ~mal) pbl

spmplhleps jvgh Bmpvy) C{gbmvm me` Hlidlv mvl oe ioel qopb Vo`ilys ~gsopoge% Vo`ilys

ime`hmvd qgvd cgepoe|ls pg fl m sg|vcl gj oejgvhmpoge hgvl pbme 1> ylmvs implv%

H|eoco~mi agzlvehleps cme cgiilcp hmey `ojjlvlep py~ls gj `mpm pbvg|ab ~vgclssls s|cb

ms m|`ops ms ~vlzog|siy egpl` me` oe ops `my(pg(`my mcpozopols% Jgv lrmh~il) m f|`alp `l~mvphlep

hmy pvmcd oecghl me` lr~lesls4 m sgcomi slvzocl `l~mvphlep hmy pvmcd cioleps hgzoea oe me` g|p

gj ops cmvl4 gv m jovl `l~mvphlep hmy pvmcd bgq hmey cmiis op bms vls~ge`l` pg% Pbos oejgvhmpoge

cme fl |sl` oe m~~vmosoea h|eoco~mi agzlvehlep "Vo`ily) =?03) ~%=/%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Vo`ily) oe jgc|soea oe ge `mpm |slj|i jgv ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep) egpls pbmp gel gj pbl

gi`lsp me` mp pbl pohl) pbl cghhge hlms|vl) qms m h|eoco~miopys pmr vmpl% Bl egpls) bgqlzlv)

pbmp pblvl mvl pqg soaeojocmep cbmiileals pg |soea s|cb oejgvhmpoge pg hlms|vl pbl ~lvjgvhmecl gj

h|eoco~mi agzlvehlep% Pbl jovsp os pbmp op qms) me` pg`my spoii os) cghhge ~vmcpocl pg msslss

~vg~lvpy mp ilss pbme ops j|ii gv hmvdlp zmi|l% Msslssl` ~vg~lvpy zmi|ls `g egp vljilcp c|vvlep

hmvdlp cge`opoges me` `g egp vls~ge` pg pboeas s|cb ms slmsgemi ji|cp|mpoges% Vo`ily cgepoe|ls

fy mcdegqil`aoea pbmp oe gv`lv pg |e`lvspme` pbos ms m hlms|vl me` pbl soaeojocmecl gj pbl pmr

vmpl) ql qg|i` bmzl pg degq pbl fmsos gj msslsshlep "=?03) ~%6/%

Pbl slcge` cbmiileal Vo`ily ~vlsleps os pbmp h|eoco~mi oecghl cghls jvgh sg|vcls

gpblv pbme pbl ~vg~lvpy pmr "=?03) ~% 6/% Jgv lrmh~il) h|eoco~miopols py~ocmiiy vlclozl gpblv

oecghl jvgh spmpl me` jl`lvmi mo`% H|eoco~miopols hmy misg vlclozl vlzle|l jvgh joels) smil gj

msslps me` oeplvlsp lmvel` ge sbgvp plvh oezlsphleps qble m ~|fioc fg`y bms leg|ab io}|o`opy pg

~imcl j|e`s oe s|cb mccg|eps% Pg flpplv |e`lvspme` pbl e|hflv gj ojjlvlep sg|vcls gj h|eoco~mi

oecghl) gel geiy ell` vlzolq m h|eoco~mi f|`alp% Oe Elq _gvd Spmpl) igcmi h|eoco~mi f|`alps

mvl joil` qopb pbl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv "GSC/ M fmsoc vlzolq gj Ilzli Gel h|eoco~mi

joemecomi `mpm jvgh pbl GSC vlzlmis h|ipo~il vlzle|l cmplagvols flyge` vlmi ~vg~lvpy pmrls)

oeci|`oea;

Vlmi ^vg~lvpy Pmrls me` Msslsshleps Gpblv Vlmi ^vg~lvpy Oplhs Smils me` \sl Pmr Gpblv Ege ^vg~lvpy Pmrls Cbmvals jgv Slvzocls Cbmvals pg Gpblv Agzlvehleps

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

\sl me` Smil gj ^vg~lvpy Gpblv Igcmi Vlzle|ls Spmpl Mo` Jl`lvmi Mo` ^vgcll`s gj @lfp Gpblv Sg|vcls "6>>2/

Vo`ily cgepoe|ls pg mva|l mamoesp gpblv cghhge mpplh~ps pg hlms|vl igcmi agzlvehlep

mcpozopols% Mva|oea mamoesp |soea m h|eoco~miopys pgpmi lr~le`op|vls) Vo`ily memigao{ls pbos qopb

sghlgel qbg mss|hls pbmp dll~oea s~le`oea igq os m hlms|vl gj agg` ~lvjgvhmecl4 bgqlzlv

Vo`ily mva|ls pbmp pbos hlpbg` gj hlms|vlhlep geiy `lhgespvmpls vlspvmoep oe s~le`oea%

Iohopoea h|eoco~mi lr~lesls os egp me oe`ocmpgv gj ljjocolecy flcm|sl op `gls egp m``vlss pboeas

iodl }|miopy gj iojl gv ilzli gj slvzocl qopboe m cghh|eopy% Oj pqg cghh|eopols lr~le`l` pbl

smhl mhg|ep gj hgely lmcb ylmv ge vlcvlmpoge) m``opogemi vlslmvcb hmy joe` pbmp gel copy hmy

bmzl s|~lvzosl` ~imyavg|e`s) megpblv hmy egp "Vo`ily) =?03) ~% 6/%

Oe gpblv qgv`s) pblvl os eg soh~il jgvh|im pbmp cme fl m~~iol` mcvgss mii gj pbl ~|fioc

slvzocls qbocb ql `lhme` me` ~vgzo`l pbmp cme ~vgzo`l me mcc|vmpl hlms|vl gj ljjlcpozlelss

me` ljjocolecy% Pbl scg~l me` fvlm`pb gj h|eoco~mi slvzocls qmvvmeps oe`ozo`|mio{l` mpplepoge

me` lzmi|mpoge jgv lmcb py~l gj ~vgavmh% Vo`ily s|~~gvps pbos ~gsopoge fy spmpoea) pbl plvh

hlms|vlhlep sbg|i` fl cgespv|l` pg hlme mey plcbeo}|l qbocb sllds gfklcpozliy pg m~~vmosl

pbl vls|ips gj m ~vgavmh gj mcpoge gv pg cgh~mvl pbl vls|ips gj miplvempozl ~vgavmhs "Vo`ily)

=?03) ~% ooo/%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Vo`ily o`lepojols m fmsoc jvmhlqgvd jgv `lzlig~oea m vlcgv`s sysplh jgv mey h|eoco~mi

j|ecpoge qbocb oeci|`ls;

=% @lplvhoempoge gj pbl oejgvhmpoge `lsovl`46% @ljoeopoge gj |eops43% Cgespv|cpoge gj s|hhmvy vl~gvp jgvhs40% S~lcojocmpoges gj pbl vlcgv`s ~vgcl`|vl4

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

~movl` qopb j|ecpoges s|cb ms ~imeeoea me` joemecl) s|jjlvs jvgh pbl smhl cbmiileals% Vo`ily

oe`ocmpls pbmp pbl joemeclme` ~imeeoea j|ecpoges gj h|eoco~mi agzlvehlep vlhmoe pbl hgsp

`ojjoc|ip gj hlms|vlhlep me` ioppil ~vgavlss cme fl vl~gvpl` "=?03) ~% rooo/% Pbos os ~lvbm~s

`|l pg pbl jmcp pbmp pblsl j|ecpoges mvl egp `ovlcpiy vlimpl` pg slvzocls cges|hl` fy pbl ~|fioc%

Joemecl os oh~gvpmep ms me oeplvemi cgepvgi me` ~imeeoea os oh~gvpmep oe ops vgil ms m vla|impoea

j|ecpoge% Pblsl py~ls gj slvzocls mvl egp elclssmvoiy cges|hlv vozle% Pbos os sohoimv pg

lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep%

Lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgavmhs bmzl cges|hlvs) f|p ple` pg fl f|soelss qbocb cme

zmvy oe ops cgh~gsopoge) so{l me` ~|v~gsl% Flcm|sl gj pbl `ojjoc|ipy oe soroea |~ pbl cges|hlv) op

os pble sghlqbmp `ojjoc|ip pg hmdl m~~vg~vompl hlms|vlhleps% C{gbmvm me` Hlidlv) oe copoea

Cimvdl me` Amoil) egpl pbmp ljjgvps pg lzmi|mpl lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~giocy bmzl flcghl m

}|mahovl gj agg` oeplepoges me` fm` hlms|vls "6>>0) ~% 3/%

Qboil pblvl mvl zmsp vlsg|vcls ge ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls me` slvzocl ljjgvps me`

mccg|epmfoiopy vl~gvpoea jgv mvlms gj alelvmi agzlvehlep) pbl ioplvmp|vl ge pbos pg~oc oe lcgeghoc

`lzlig~hlep m~~lmvs pg fl }|opl iohopl`% Pbl flsp sg|vcls mvl iohopl` pg m bme`j|i mp flsp me` os

~vohmvoiy cleplvl` ge pbl qgvd gj Bmpvy% Pbmp os pble cgh~iocmpl` fy pbl jmcp pbmp ms m clepvmi

vlsg|vcls pg pbl joli`) Bmpvy os py~ocmiiy copl` fy gpblv m|pbgvs qvopoea ge pbl pg~oc%

Megpblv ~vgfilh pbmp mvosls mccgv`oea pg C{gbmvm me` Hlidlvs os pbmp pblvl os eg mavll`

|~ge hlpbg`gigay jgv hlms|voea ~lvjgvhmecl oe ~|fioc lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgavmhs

"6>>0/% Pmdoea jvgh ~lvsgemi lr~lvolecl oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep) hlpbg`gigay os gjple

`vozle fy qbmp pbl slvzocl ~vgzo`lv os mpplh~poea pg sbgq s|cclss oe% Jgv lrmh~il) m ~vgavmh

mpplh~poea pg sbgq ops ~vgavlss oe cvlmpoea gv vlpmoeoea kgfs oe m cghh|eopy qoii jgc|s ge geiy

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

pbgsl joa|vls% Op os cghhge) fmsl` ge lr~lvolecl) jgv vl~gvps pg jmoi pg vl~gvp ge pbl elp oh~mcp

ge kgfs cvlmpl`) vlpmoel` gv igsp% Pbmp joe`oea os gel pbmp m~~lmvs implv oe pbos ~m~lv qopb pbl Elq

_gvd Spmpl Lh~ovl [gel ~vgavmh% Op qms geiy mjplv vlcghhle`mpoges jvgh pbl Spmpl

Cgh~pvgiilv qlvl vlclozl` pbmp pbl ~vgavmh flame pvmcdoea elp cbmeal oe kgfs ms m vls|ip gj pbl

~vgavmh%

Oe Qmvvles ~olcl mfg|p pbl vgil gj ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep)

bl cvl`ops Bmpvy ms me lr~lvp oe pbl joli` gj ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep me` qopb pbl cgecl~p pbmp

~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls sbg|i` fl mohl` mp mcbolzoea cilmviy o`lepojol` g|pcghls "6>>)>>> ~lvsges) Ioefmi` slp g|p pg lrmhoel bos pqg by~gpblsls;

=% Spv|p|vl me` malecy qoii lr~imoe ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep)me`4

6% Cgh~mvl` pg spv|cp|vl) malecy qoii bmzl hgvl oh~mcp ge ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep oelcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep "Ioefmi`) 6>>:/%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Oe bos joe`oeas) bl `lplvhoel` pbmp pbgsl zmvomfils qopb pbl spvgealsp vlimpogesbo~ oe

`lplvhoeoea pbl iodliobgg` gj |soea ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep qlvl

~g~|impoge so{l me` copy lr~le`op|vls%

Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep ^lvjgvhmecl Hlms|vls oe ^vmcpocl

Oe pblov qgvd ge ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep) Bmpvy lp mi%

cgh~oil` =6 dly cbmvmcplvospocs ms cvoplvom jgv pbl `lzlig~hlep gj hlms|vlhlep ~vgcl`|vls%

Mccgv`oea pg pbl m|pbgvs) pbl ~lvjgvhmecl hgeopgvoea sysplh sbg|i` jgc|s ge slvzocl g|pcghls

me` }|miopy me` bli~oea ~vgavmh hmealvs oh~vgzl pblov g~lvmpoges% Ms jgv cge`|cpoea pbl

memiysos) pbl m|pbgvs oe`ocmpl pbmp ~vgcl`|vls sbg|i` ~vgzo`l jvl}|lep me` pohliy ~lvjgvhmecl

oejgvhmpoge me` pbl ~vgavmhs sbg|i` jgc|s ge pbl g|pcghls vlmio{l` fy pbl le` |slv gv ciolep%

^lvjgvhmecl oe`ocmpgvs sbg|i` egp fl iohopl` pg m soeail gv cg|~il gj hlms|vls) f|p vmpblv pbly

sbg|i` oeci|`l h|ipo~il oe`ocmpgvs pg msslss slvzocl }|miopy me` g|pcghls "Bmpvy lp% mi%) =??>)

~% 0/ %

Bmpvy lp mi% cgepoe|l` pg iosp vlcghhle`l` cvoplvom jgv ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep)

`osc|ssoea `mpm% Pbl m|pbgvs fliolzl pbmp hlms|vls sbg|i` |poio{l egepvm`opogemi `mpm sg|vcls

s|cb ms ciolep s|vzlys me` |elh~igyhlep oes|vmecl `mpmpg bli~ msslss slvzocl }|miopy me`

g|pcghls "Bmpvy lp% mi%) =??>) ~%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

cioleps g|pcghl% Cgepoe|oea ops g|pcghl jgc|s) pbl hlms|vlhlep sbg|i` misg o`lepojy me` vl~gvp

slvzocl }|miopy me` g|pcghl oe`ocmpgvs fy ciolep cbmvmcplvospocs "Bmpvy lp% mi%) =??>) ~% ) ~% :/% Mjplv mii gj pbos `osc|ssoge gjljjocolecy me` ~lvjgvhmecl) Bmpvys joemi ~goep os m

emp|vmi ~vgavlssoge oe `lzlig~oea m ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vl jgv lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep) gv jgv mey

mcpozopy jgv pbmp hmpplv%

Cgesosplep qopb bgq ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep os |sl` oe zmvog|s joli`s) Qmvvle

o`lepojols me` pble `ljoels pbgsl oeplvvlimpl` lilhleps gvameo{mpoges |sl` pg hlms|vl

~lvjgvhmecl gj me g~lvmpoge "6>>

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

G|p~|ps) qbocb mvl pbl mhg|eps gj ~vg`|cps cvlmpl` me` slvzocls `liozlvl` oe m vl~gvp~lvog`) s|cb ms e|hflv gj pvmoeoea ~vgavmhs cge`|cpl`) e|hflv gj cimssls) pm|abp) gv pbl

e|hflv gj cioleps slvzl`4

G|pcghls) qbocb mvl cbmeals oe degqil`al) sdoiis) mppop|`ls) zmi|ls) flbmzogv) gvcge`opoge pbmp oe`ocmpl ~vgavlss pgqmv` mcbolzoea pbl~vgavmhs hossoge me` gfklcpozls%

G|pcghls cme fl sbgvp plvh) oeplvhl ompl) gv igea plvh% G|pcghls mvl ioedl` pg m

~vgavmhs gzlvmii hossoge "6>>

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

g|pcghls me` hlms|vls gj ljjocolecy% Pbl oejgvhmpoge alelvmiiy mavlls qopb Qmvvles qgvd ge

pbl vgil gj ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep) f|p `gls egp oeci|`l pbl mcpozopols lilhlep me` m``s

ljjocolecy ms me lilhlep% Fligq mvl pbgsl hlms|vls jvgh ops Vlcghhle`l` Slvzocl Ljjgvps

me` Mccgh~iosbhleps "SLM/ Vl~gvpoea Oe`ocmpgvs jgv Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep%

Oe~|psg @giimvs s~lep ge pbl ~vgavmhs mcpozopols "c|vvlep me` cgespmep `giimvs/%g E|hflv gj spmjj(bg|vs lr~le`l` fy pbl ~vgavmh%

G|p~|psg E|hflv me` ~lvclepmal gj f|soelss ~vgs~lcps o`lepojol` pbmp hmy fl oeplvlspl` oe

igcmpoea%

g E|hflv gj f|soelssls jvgh pmvalp oe`|spvols pbmp mvl oeplvlspl` oe igcmpoea%g E|hflv gj cgepvmcps hm`l qopb jovhs oeplvlspl` oe igcmpoea%g E|hflv gj jovhs pbmp vlzlo` mssospmecl jvgh pbl ~vgavmh "fy py~l gj mssospmecl/g ^lvclepmal gj ilzlvmal "ege(agzlvehlepmi/ j|e`s |sl` pg joemecl pbl ~vgklcp%

G|pcghlsg Oeplvhl`ompl G|pcghls

E|hflv gj zosops fy oeplvlspl` f|soelssls pbmp vlclozl` mssospmecl E|hflv me` ~lvclepmal gj vls~gesl pg m`zlvposoea gv `ovlcp hmoi

sgiocopmpoges%

g Igealv(plvh G|pcghls E|hflv me` ~lvclepmal gj jovhs pbmp vlclozl` msclpoc TsocX me` igcmpl`

lislqblvl%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

E|hflv me` ~lvclepmal gj jovhs vlclozoea mssospmecl pbmp igcmpl` oek|vos`ocpoge me` pbmp jlip pbmp mssospmecl cgepvof|pl` pg pblov igcmpoge

`lcosoge%

E|hflv gj mcp|mi kgfs cvlmpl` fy mssospmecl =6 hgepbs'60 hgepbs mjplvpblov oeopomi cgepmcp qopb pbl ~vgavmh "me` cgh~mvosge qopb ~vgklcpl`

e|hflv gj kgfs cvlmpl`/%

Mzlvmal qmal gj kgfs cvlmpl` fy igcmpoea jovhs pbmp vlclozl` mssospmecl% @giimvs gj cm~opmi oezlsphlep hm`l fy igcmpoea jovhs vlclozoea mssospmecl

=6 hgepbs'60 hgepbs mjplv pbl meeg|eclhlep gj pblov igcmpoge `lcosoge%

Mhg|ep gj m``l` pmr vlzle|l vlimpoea pg mssospl` jovhs pbmp igcmpl` oe pblk|vos`ocpoge%

^lvclepmal gj cioleps vmpoea pbl pohlioelss gj lmcb slvzocl pbly vlclozl` mslrcliilep) agg`) jmov) gv ~ggv%

^lvclepmal gj cioleps vmpoea pbl bli~j|ielss gj lmcb slvzocl pbly vlclozl`ms lrcliilep) agg`) jmov) gv ~ggv%

^lvclepmal gj cioleps igcmpoea lislqblvl jgv vlmsges gzlv qbocb pbl malecybm` sghl oeji|lecl%

Lspohmpl` e|hflv gj qgvdlvs `os~imcl` fy mssospl` jgvhs pbmp igcmpl`% Ljjocolecy

g ^vgavmh lr~le`op|vls ~lv mcp|mi kof TsocX cvlmpl` mp =6 hgepbs'60 hgepbs mjplvvlclozoea mssospmecl%

g ^vgavmh lr~le`op|vls ~lv lspohmpl` pmr `giimv alelvmpl` fy ciolep jovhs "PblEmpogemi Cleplv jgv ^|fioc ^vg`|cpozopy) 6>>0/%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

^lvjgvhmecl Hlms|vlhlep oe Elq _gvd Spmpl Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep ^vgavmhs%

Oe mp ilmsp pbl ~msp jozl ylmvs) lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgavmhs oe Elq _gvd Spmpl bmzl

jmiile |e`lv oecvlmsl` scv|poey% Pbos slcpoge qoii jgc|s ge pqg ~vgavmhs pbmp bmzl flle pbl

s|fklcp gj s|cb scv|poey; Lh~ovl [gels me` Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols% Qboil Oe`|spvomi

@lzlig~hlep Malecols bmzl lrospl` soecl ilaosimpoge qms lemcpl` oe =?:? fy Elq _gvd Spmpl

~vgzo`oea jgv pbl cvlmpoge gj s|cb malecols ms ~|fioc fleljop cgv~gvmpoges "Blzlso) 6>>:/) op qms

pbl Lh~ovl [gel ~vgavmh pbmp qms s|fklcp pg pbl jovsp spmplqo`l msslsshlep fy pbl Gjjocl gj pbl

Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv oe 6>>0%

Lh~ovl [gels

Oe =?2:) pbl Elq _gvd Spmpl Ilaosimp|vl lemcpl` ilaosimpoge pbmp oh~ilhlepl` me

Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep [gels ~vgavmh) sohoimv pg pbl Leplv~vosl [gel ~vgavmh cvlmpl` oe pbl

`gcd `ospvocps gj Ige`ge pg s~|v lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep oe lcgeghocmiiy cbmiileal` mvlms%

Mccgv`oea pg pbl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv) oe Elq _gvd Spmpl) pbl Lh~ovl [gel ~vgavmh

qms oeple`l` pg fvoea kgfs me` lcgeghoc g~~gvp|eopy pg mvlms cbmvmcplvo{l` fy ~lvzmsozl

~gzlvpy) boab |elh~igyhlep) me` gzlvmii lcgeghoc `ospvlss "Blzlso) 6>>0) ~% ?/% Mccgv`oea pg

Blzlso) flpqlle =?2: qble pbl ~vgavmh qms lspmfiosbl` oe Elq _gvd Spmpl "pble cmiil` pbl

Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep [gels gv L@[/ pg =?22) pbos py~l gj {gel(fmsl` lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep

oeclepozl ~vgavmh lr~me`l` jvgh 31 spmpls oe pbl empoge pg lzlvy spmpl oe pbl empoge "6>>0) ~% ?/%

Pbos `lzlig~hlep ~oppl` lmcb spmpl mamoesp gel megpblv oe cgh~lpoea jgv elq lcgeghoc

`lzlig~hlep g~~gvp|eopols jvgh elq me` lr~me`oea f|soelssls empogeqo`l% Vlmiospocmiiy) pbl

cgh~lpopoge qms vlaogemiiy fmsl` qopb Elq _gvd Spmpl cgh~lpoea qopb ~vgavmhs s|cb ms

^leesyizmeoms Dlyspgel G~~gvp|eopy [gel ~vgavmh%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Pbl Lh~ovl [gel ~vgavmh qms oeopomiiy `lzlig~l` qopb m iohopl` e|hflv gj pmr

oeclepozls jgv f|soelss oeci|`oea m qmal pmr cvl`op jgv elq kgfs cvlmpl` me` me oezlsphlep pmr

cvl`op jgv hgeols oezlspl` oe cm~opmi lr~le`op|vls vlimpl` pg pbl avgqpb gj f|soelssls% Fy 6>>0)

{gels ~vgzo`l lsslepomiiy pmr(jvll igcmpoges jgv f|soelssls pg igcmpl gv lr~me` "Blzlso) 6>>0)

~% =/% Bgqlzlv) pmr(oeclepozl fmsl` lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgavmhs mvl gjple `ojjoc|ip pg

hlms|vl flcm|sl pbl oh~mcp pg m spmpl gv h|eoco~miopy os egp bgq h|cb hgely qms aozle

g|pvoabp) ms m avmep hmy ~vgzo`l) f|p vmpblv pbl mhg|ep gj igsp pmr vlzle|l%

Oe 6>>0) pbl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv lspohmpl` pbl Lh~ovl [gel ~vgavmh qoii

cgsp pbl Spmpl $6?= hoiioge oe jgvagel pmr vlzle|l "Blzlso) 6>>0) ~% =/% Sg hlms|voea qbmp pbl

oh~mcp gj $6?= hoiioge oe igsp vlzle|l hlmep pg pbl spmpl lcgeghy oe 6>>0) me` lzlvy ylmv pbmp

pbl ~vgavmh bms lrospl`) bms flle pbl cbmiileal% @ls~opl m ~vgavmh pbmp bm` avgqe me` lzgizl`)

pbl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv o`lepojol` gel j|e`mhlepmi jimq pg pbl ~vgavmh% Pbl L@[

~vgavmh imcdl` vliomfil `mpm me` lzo`lecl gj pbl ~vgavmhs s|cclss "Blzlso )6>>0) ~% =/%

Pbl ~vgfilh gj hlms|voea pbl ~lvjgvhmecl gj pbl Lh~ovl [gel ~vgavmh bm` flle

~vlzog|siy boabioabpl` oe =??< pbvg|ab m jgvhmi m|`op gj pbl @l~mvphlep gj Lcgeghoc

@lzlig~hlep fy pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv% Pbl m|`op cm|sl` pbl @l~mvphleps Cghhossogelv

Cbmvils Amvameg pg mcdegqil`al pbl ell` pg `lzlig~ me` mcc|h|impl hlms|vmfil oe`ocmpgvs gj

pbl ~vgavmhs s|cclss "Blzlso) 6>>0) ~% =/% Bgqlzlv) mccgv`oea pg Blzlso) |voea m slcge`

m|`op pbvg|ab 6>>0) pbl @l~mvphlep gj Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep egpl` pbl ell` pg oh~ilhlep

~vgavmhhmpoc cbmeals `limyl` pbl oh~ilhlepmpoge gj lzmi|mpoge sysplhs pbmp pbl @L@ mavlls

mvl elclssmvy "6>>0) ~% =/%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Pbl cgeci|soge gj pbl 6>>0 vl~gvp fy pbl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv oeci|`l` m

vljgvh ~vg~gsmi jgv pbl Lh~ovl [gel ~vgavmh% Oe pbl ~vg~gsmi) elmviy 3> vljgvhs oe : cmplagvols

qlvl s|aalspl` pg pbl ~vgavmh% Gj pbgsl) pbl jigqoea vljgvhs cg|i` fl cgeso`lvl` `ovlcpiy

vlimpl` pg ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep qopboe pbl ~vgavmh;

@lzlig~hlep me` oh~ilhlep spme`mv`s gj~lvjgvhmecl jgv vlco~oleps gj {gel fleljops4 Vliy ge @l~mvphlep gj Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep T@L@X Spmjj pg ampblv elclssmvy `mpm pg

lzmi|mpl pbl ~lvjgvhmecl gj lmcb [gel me` pbl clvpojol` f|soelssls op cgepmoes4

Pbl TLh~ovl [gel Gzlvsoabp me` @lsoaempogeX Fgmv` sbg|i` slld qmys pg m~~iycgv~gvmpl agzlvemecl me` ~|fioc mccg|epmfoiopy spme`mv`s pg ops j|ecpoges4

vls~gesofoiopy jgv lzmi|mpoea pbl mcc|vmcy gj vl~gvpl` `mpm sbg|i` cilmviy iol qopb pbl@L@4

Igcmi [gel M`hoeospvmpozl Fgmv`s me` [gel Cggv`oempgvs qg|i` fl vl}|ovl` pg jgvhmiiyvlzolq ~mvpoco~mpoea f|soelssls lzlvy pqg ylmvs pg les|vl pbmp pbly mvl hllpoea spmpl`

agmis4

[gel Cggv`oempgvs qg|i` fl vl}|ovl` pg o`lepojy) jgv @L@ spmjj me` |ipohmpliy jgv pblLh~ovl [gel Gzlvsoabp me` @lsoaempoge Fgmv`) clvpojol` f|soelssls qopb g|pspme`oea

~lvjgvhmecl vlcgv`s) ms qlii ms pbgsl pbmp hoabp egp fl hllpoea ~lvjgvhmecl spme`mv`s4

@L@ spmjj qg|i` fl vls~gesofil jgv pvmoeoea [gel Cggv`oempgvs me` [gel M`hoeospvmpozlFgmv`s pg cvlmpl |eojgvh vl~gvpoea spme`mv`s me` hlpbg`s gj `mpm cgiilcpoge% Spmjj qg|i`

~vgzo`l geagoea msslsshleps gj pbl }|miopy gj oejgvhmpoge s|fhoppl`4

@L@ spmjj qg|i` fl vls~gesofil jgv cgh~oioea m [gel Mee|mi Vl~gvp "[MV/ jgv lmcb{gel fmsl` ge FMVs TF|soelss Mee|mi Vl~gvpsX) me` qg|i` ~vlslep pbl [gel

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

M`hoeospvmpozl Fgmv` me` [gel Cggv`oempgv qopb {gel(s~lcojoc joe`oeas cgepmoel` oe pbl

vl~gvps "Blzlso) 6>>0) ~~% >0) ~% 1/% Pbl vljgvh misg sg|abp pg cgiilcp pbmp mcp|mi mhg|ep m f|soelss cimohl` oe pmr

cvl`ops oe pbl ~vogv ylmv oe m``opoge pg ~vgklcpl` cvl`ops jgv pbl j|p|vl ylmv%

Oe m jgiigq(|~ vl~gvp) pbl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv vlzosopl` pbl Lh~ovl [gels

~vgavmh mamoe oe 6>>1% Pbos vl~gvp cmhl m~~vgrohmpliy 6 ylmvs mjplv ilaosimpozl cbmeals qlvl

~|p oepg ~imcl oe 6>>>1/% Ms m vls|ip) pbl ~vgavmh spoii imcdl` pbl mfoiopy pg

m`l}|mpliy `lzlig~ me` ~vlslep ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls%

Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Pbl Elq _gvd Spmpl Ilaosimp|vl oe =?:? lemfil` pbl cvlmpoge gj Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep

Malecols "O@M/ ms ~|fioc fleljop cgv~gvmpoges oeple`l` pg oh~vgzl pbl lcgeghoc cge`opoges

qopboe pblov cghh|eopols% Soecl pbmp pohl) =11 O@Ms qlvl lspmfiosbl` me` mp pbl pohl gj pbl

Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilvs vl~gvp) ==< qlvl cgeso`lvl` pg fl mcpozl "Blzlso) 6>>:) ~% :/%

Oe hmey cghh|eopols) pbl O@M os gel gj pbl flsp degqe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgavmhs% Op os

misg pbl gel ~vgavmh pbmp bms m ~vlslecl oe lmcb cg|epy mcvgss Elq _gvd Spmpl%

Pg |e`lvspme` pbl mpplh~ps pg hlms|vl pbl ~lvjgvhmecl gj Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep

Malecols oe Elq _gvd Spmpl) op os oh~gvpmep pg jovsp |e`lvspme` pbl spv|cp|vl gj me O@M me` qbmp

op os lh~gqlvl` pg `g% Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols cme fl spv|cp|vl` me` g~lvmpl` oe

zmvog|s qmys% Pbl agzlveoea spv|cp|vl gj me O@M os m fgmv` gj `ovlcpgvs qopb pbvll pg slzle

hlhflvs% Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols `g egp bmzl pmrmpoge ~gqlvs me` pb|s py~ocmiiy

hmoepmoe pblov g~lvmpoges fy cbmvaoea zmvog|s jlls pg pbl f|soelssls pbmp ~mvpoco~mpl oe pblov

~vgklcps "Blzlso) 6>>:) ~% 1/% Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols hmy bmzl spmjj mssoael` pg

mssosp oe pblov qgvd gv hmy cgepvmcp qopb me g|pso`l jovh jgv mssospmecl) oeci|`oea ilami cg|esli%

M cghhge hoscgecl~poge oe pbl alelvmi ~|fioc os pbmp Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols

~vgzo`l igmes pg f|soelssls |e`lv pbl m|s~ocls gj lcgeghoc lzlig~hlep% Flcm|sl O@Ms mvl

gjple m ~mvp gj me lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~mcdmal pbmp hmy oeci|`l joemecoea jgv m f|soelss) pbos

os |e`lvspme`mfil% Bgqlzlv) O@Ms `g egp ile` hgely `ovlcpiy% Oesplm` pbl vgil gj pbl O@M os pg

oss|l fge`s qbocb mvl ~|vcbmsl` fy joemecomi oespop|poge qbocb alelvmpls pbl cm~opmi pbmp me O@M

cme |sl pg ~vgzo`l joemecoea pg m f|soelss gv ~vgklcp% Op os pbg|ab pbos ~vgclss pbmp O@Ms mvl

mfil pg `ovlcpiy oss|l `lfp jgv pbl fleljop gj lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep "Blzlso) 6>>:) ~% 1/%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols mvl misg mfil pg mc}|ovl) gqe gv `os~gsl gj ~vg~lvpy

qopb pbmp ~vg~lvpy gqel` fy me O@M floea lrlh~p jvgh ~vg~lvpy pmrls me` hgvpamal vlcgv`oea

pmrls "Blzlso) 6>>:) ~% 1/% Pbos mfoiopy miigqs jgv O@Ms pg `lzlig~ ilmsl(fmcd ~vgavmhs pg

lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgklcps pbmp cme vl`|cl gv liohoempl ~vg~lvpy pmrls me` pbl hgvpamal

vlcgv`oea pmr% Pbos fleljop os |poio{l` fy bmzoea pbl O@M ~|vcbmsl me` gqe m ~vg~lvpy jgv pbl

fleljop gj me lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgklcp gv f|soelss% Pbl O@M pble ilmsls pbl ~vg~lvpy pg pbl

~vgklcp gv f|soelssls oezgizl`%

Joemiiy) O@Ms mvl mfil pg hmdl ~|vcbmsl oe s|~~gvp gj m~~vgzl`~vgklcps me` fl lrlh~p

jvgh ~myoea spmpl me` igcmi smils pmr "Blzlso) 6>>:) ~% 1/% Pbos cme pvmesimpl oepg m smzoeas gj mp

ilmsp 0, gj pbl spmpl smils pmr me` |~ pg pbl mhg|ep m``l` ms pbl igcmi smils pmr gv hgvl ge

clvpmoe ~|vcbmsls `l~le`oea ge pbl igcmiopy qblvl pbl ~|vcbmsl qms hm`l gv liozlvl`% Pbos

fleljop os |s|miiy iohopl` pg cm~opmi oh~vgzlhleps me` l}|o~hlep ~|vcbmsl` pbvg|ab me |hfvliim

smils pmr lrlh~poge pbl O@M lrple`s pg m ~vgklcp% Jgv lrmh~il) m cgh~mey ~|vcbmsoea m

hmcboel |sl` oe ops hme|jmcp|voea ~vgclss qoii fl lrlh~p jvgh spmpl me` igcmi smils pmr ge pbl

~|vcbmsl gj pbmp l}|o~hlep fy qgvdoea pbvg|ab pbl O@M%

Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols bmzl flle s|fklcp pg oecvlmsl` mccg|epmfoiopy jgiigqoea

vljgvhs lemcpl` oe pbl impl =?2>s me` lmviy =??>s mccgv`oea pg pbl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl

Cgh~pvgiilv% Pbl cbmeals lemcpl` oe =?2? oeci|`l` vl}|ovlhleps jgv me mee|mi joemecomi

spmplhlep pg fl joil` qopb pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv) Cghhossogelv gj Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep me`

pbl agzlveoea fg`y gj pbl h|eoco~miopy jgv qbgsl fleljop pbl O@M qms cvlmpl` jgv% Pbl

vl}|ovlhleps) qbocb cme fl cgeso`lvl` `ovlcpiy vlimpl` pg ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep) oeci|`l`

pbmp pblsl spmplhleps oeci|`l `mpm cgeclveoea mssospmecl ~vgzo`l` me` kgfs cvlmpl`'vlpmoel` jgv

lmcb ~vgklcp "Blzlso) 6>>:) ~% ==/%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Oe =??3) m``opogemi vljgvhs qlvl oeple`l` pg hmdl Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols

hgvl mccg|epmfil pg ops fleljopoea h|eoco~miopy me` pbl ~|fioc mp imval% Pblsl cbmeals oeci|`l`

pbl m`g~poge gj m |eojgvh pmr lrlh~poge ~giocy me` pg miigq pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv pg hmdl m

`lplvhoempoge oj me O@M bms joil` m s|fspmepomiiy cgh~ilpl joemecomi spmplhlep "Blzlso) 6>>:)

~% ==/%

Mva|mfiy pbl hgsp soaeojocmep `lzlig~hlep oe ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep jgv Oe`|spvomi

@lzlig~hlep Malecols oe Elq _gvd Spmpl cmhl oe 6>>:% Agzlvegv Algval ^mpmdo soael` pbl

^|fioc M|pbgvopols Mccg|epmfoiopy Mcp qbocb il` pg pbl im|ecb gj pbl ^|fioc M|pbgvopy Vl~gvpoea

me` Oejgvhmpoge Sysplh "^MVOS/ oe 6>>1% ^MVOS flcmhl pbl ~vohmvy vl~gvpoea m~~iocmpoge jgv

zmvog|s ~|fioc m|pbgvopols mcvgss Elq _gvd Spmpl) oeci|`oea O@Ms% Oe ops 6>>? vl~gvp) pbl Gjjocl

gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv vl~gvpl` pbmp pbl }|miopy gj `mpm vl~gvpl` fy O@Ms jgv pbl 6>>1 ylmv

oh~vgzl` `|l pg lebmecl` gzlvsoabp Tme` pbl oh~ilhlepmpoge gjX ^MVOS) qbocb qms im|ecbl`

oe Egzlhflv 6>>1 "@oEm~gio) 6>>?) ~% 6/%

Pbl cbmiileal pbmp lrospl` qopb Oe`|spvomi @lzlig~hlep Malecols) ms o`lepojol` fy pbl

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me` pbl cgsp gj pbgsl kgfs pg pmr~mylvs oe pbl jgvh gj jgvagel igcmi pmrls "@oEm~gio) 6>>?) ~% 6/%

Soecl pblsl pqg oplhs) migea qopb cm~opmi oezlsphlep) mvl ~gplepomiiy pbl hgsp soaeojocmep

~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls jgv O@Ms) mcc|vmcy me` vliomfoiopy gj pbos oejgvhmpoge os cvopocmi%

Cgeci|soge

Qboil sghl mpplh~ps bmzl flle hm`l oe imvalv agzlvehlep slppoeas pg hlms|vl

~lvjgvhmecl oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep ~vgavmhs) s|cb ms pbgsl `oscgzlvl` fy Ioefmi` me` m|`ops

fy Elq _gvds Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv) pblvl os spoii m avlmp `lmi gj vggh pg oh~vgzl pbl

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

~vmcpocl% Jovsp me` jgvlhgsp os pg spme`mv`o{l hlms|vlhlep ms Bmpvy ~vgzo`ls jgv) qbocb qg|i`

miigq jgv flpplv ~vgavmh cgh~mvosge% Ms C{gbmvm me` Hlidlvs boabioabpl`) op os oh~lvmpozl pbmp

ilm`lvs oe pbl joli` gj lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep h|sp mavll ge m fmsoc slp gj ~lvjgvhmecl

hlms|vlhlep cvoplvom% Misg) ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vl oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep h|sp flcghl m

spme`mv` me` zgi|epmvy ~vmcpocl mcvgss mii ilzlis) egp k|sp pbgsl ~vl`ocpl` fy Ioefim`% Jgvcl`

~vgavmh lzmi|mpoges fy g|pso`l malecols `g |ecgzlv z|ielvmfoiopols ms ~vgzl` fy pbl qgvd gj

Blzlso me` @oEmg~io oe pblov vgils ms Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv% Bgqlzlv) pbgsl qlmdelssls me` pbvlmps

sbg|i` bmzl flle `oscgzlvl` igea mag pbvg|ab m vla|imv ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vlhlep ~vgclss%

Ljjlcpozl ~lvjgvhmecl hlms|vls oe lcgeghoc `lzlig~hlep qoii mssosp gjjocomis me` ~vgjlssogemis

oe hmdoea vls~gesofil ~|fioc ~giocy `lcosoges hgzoea jgvqmv`%

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Vljlvlecls

Mhhges) @%E% "6>>=/% H|eoco~mi Flecbhmvds; Msslssoea igcmi ~lvjgvhmecl me` lspmfiosboea

cghh|eopy spme`mv`s% Pbg|sme` Gmds) CM; Smal ^|fiocmpoges%

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qlfsopl; bpp~;''mys~s%as|%l`|'vl~gvp?6%~`j

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HS(6/% Vlpvolzl` jvgh pbl Elq _gvd Spmpl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv;

bpp~;''qqq%gsc spmpl%ey%|s%

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@lzlig~hlep Malecols; Joscmi _lmv Le`oea 6>>1% Vlpvolzl` jvgh pbl Elq _gvd Spmpl

Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv; bpp~;''qqq%gsc spmpl%ey%|s%

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@%C%; Pbl \vfme Oespop|pl ^vlss%

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~vgavmh lzmi|mpoge me` ljjlcpozlelss "Vl~gvp 3(6>>

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^LVJGVHMECL HLMS\VLS OE LCGEGHOC @LZLIG^HLEP

Oeavmbmh) ^%Q%) Kgycl) ^%A%) Dell`ilv @gemb|l) M% "6>>3/% Agzlvehlep ^lvjgvhmecl%

Fmipohgvl; Pbl Kgbes Bg~does \eozlvsopy ^vlss%

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Mjjmovs Vlzolq) 0="%==11'=>12>210>:62:0:6%

Pbl Empogemi Cleplv jgv ^|fioc ^vg`|cpozopy% "6>>0/% Vlcghhle`l` Slvzocl Ljjgvps me`

Mccgh~iosbhleps "SLM/ vl~gvpoea Oe`ocmpgvs jgv Lcgeghoc @lzlig~hlep% Vlpvolzl`

jvgh pbl Empogemi Cleplv jgv |fioc ^vg`|cpozopy qlfsopl; bpp~;''me`vghl`m%v|palvs%l`|

'uecc~'c`a~'lcge`lz%bph%

Pbl Elq _gvd Spmpl Gjjocl gj pbl Spmpl Cgh~pvgiilv% "6>>2/% Joemecomi @mpm jgv Igcmi

Agzlvehleps "Ilzli Gel/% Vlpvolzl` jvgh bpp~;''qqq%gsc%spmpl%ey%|s'igcmiagz

'`mpmespmp'joe`mpm'oe`lrWcbgocl%bph

Vo`ily) CL% "=?03/% Hlms|voea H|eoco~mi Mcpozopols% Cbocmag; Pbl Oeplvempogemi Copy

Hmemalvs Mssgcompoge%

Qmvvle) K% "6>>>? jvgh Mealig| Lcgeghocs qlfsopl;

bpp~;''qqq%mealig|lcgeghocs%cgh' hlms|voeaWl`%bphi%