Performance of Exposed Aggregate Surface of Composite Pavements at MnROAD

Bernard Izevbekhai Alexandra Akkari Minnesota Department of Transportation

International Symposium on Pavement Performance Trends Advances and Challenges

ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle Pavement Systems Tampa Florida

December 5 2011

OUTLINE Introduction Layout Mix Design Performance Evaluation Results Conclusion Potentials

MNROAD MAINLINE • Interstate 94 Westbound Live Traffic • 28,000 AADT • Mainline • Passing Lane Vs. Driving Lane 50-50 Traffic; 80-20 ESALs • Total Truck Volume 15% approx.

Introduction • Targets of EA Surface

• Quiet pavement surface • Increased durability • Increased friction

• Objective of Composite Pavement • Minimize cost with high

quality EA surface layer over low cost (relaxed gradation) layer

• Sustainability • Investigate Cost

effectiveness of 2-lift Concrete

Cell 70 Cell 71 Cell 72 Innovative Diamond

Grind

Traditional Diamond

Grind

Exposed

Aggregate

3" HMA 3" EAC 3" EAC

6" RAC 6" RAC 6" CHP

8" Class 5 8" Class 6 8" Class 7

Clay Clay Clay

Composite Cells Compare EAC to cells 70 and 71 to evaluate performance

Mix Design

0

20

40

60

80

100

#200

#100 #5

0#3

0#1

6 #8 #43/

8"1/

2"3/

4" 1"1

1/2"

Perc

ent P

assi

ng

Sieve Size

Aggregate Gradations

Recycled ConcreteLow Cost ConcreteExposed Aggregate Concrete

Fly Ash 15%

Water (lbs/cy) 283 Cement (lbs/cy)

(Type I/II) (SG=3.15) 616

Fly Ash (lbs/cy) (Class C/F) (SG = 2.5) 109

W/CM 0.39

C. Sand (OD lbs/cy) (SG = 2.63) (Abs= 0.90%) 843

CA1 (OD lbs/cy) (1/2” W. Chips, SG=2.72, Abs= 0.40%) 1133

CA2 (OD lbs/cy) (3/8” W. Chips, SG= 2.72, Abs= 0.40%) 843

Max Slump (in) 3 % Air 7

Multi-Air 25 (oz/cy) 2 - 15

Adm 686 (oz/cwt) 1 - 5

Adm 3 (oz/cwt) (as needed for slump retentions) 0-5

98% Passing 3/8”

Performance Evaluation

On Board Sound Intensity AASHTP TP 76-09

Friction ASTM E-247

International Roughness Index ASTM E-950

Profile Depth ASTM E-2157

Sound Absorption ASTM E-1050

Ride Quality

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2

2.4

2.8

70 DLHMA

70 PLHMA

71 DLInnovative

DG

71 PLTradational

DG

72 DLEAC

71 PLEAC

IRI (

m/K

M)

International Roughness Index

6/7/10 9/21/10 11/16/10

Anomalous laser-induced IRI was not observed in EAC.

Pavement Noise

95

97

99

101

103

105

Cell 70 DLHMA

Cell 70 PLHMA

Cell 71 DLInnovative

DG

Cell 71 PLTraditional

DG

Cell 72 DLEAC

Cell 72 PLEAC

OBS

I (dB

A)

On Board Sound Intensity

7/28/2010 9/17/2010 11/17/2010

Sound Absorption

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

70 DLHMA

70 PLHMA

71 DLInnov. DG

71 PLTrad. DG

72 DLEAC

72 PLEAC

Soun

d Ab

sorp

tion

Coef

ficie

nt

Sound Absorption Coefficients

6/7/2010 10/18/2010

Friction

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

70 DLHMA

70 PLHMA

71 DLInnovative

DG

71 PLTraditional

DG

72 DLEAC

72 PLEAC

Fric

tion

Num

ber

Friction Number

Smooth Ribbed

Surface Profile

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

70 DLHMA

70 PLHMA

71 DLInnovative

DG

71 PLTradaditional

DG

72 DLEAC

72 PLEAC

Mea

n Pr

ofile

Dep

th (m

m)

Mean Profile Depth

6/1/10 10/20/10

Texture Orientation

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

4/22/10 9/9/10 1/27/11 6/16/11

OB

SI-1

01 (d

BA

)

MPD

(mm

) and

Ske

wne

ss

Driving Lane

MPD (mm) Skewness OBSI-101 (dBA)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

4/22/10 9/9/10 1/27/11 6/16/11

OB

SI-1

01 (d

BA

)

MPD

(mm

) and

Ske

wne

ss

Passing Lane

MPD (mm) Skewness OBSI-101 (dBA)

SPIKINESS CONCEPT & QUANTIFICATION

dx

SKU =

Conclusions • EAC does not provide significant noise reduction

• higher OBSI than both the HMA and traditional diamond grind.

• Innovative diamond grinding of composite pavements may be beneficial for noise reduction • lower OBSI than the HMA, EAC, traditional DG surfaces, and higher sound absorption than EAC.

• EAC can provide more than adequate friction for driver safety, but does not show any improvement from typical HMA or DG.

• Anomalous laser-induced IRI was not observed in EAC.

Going Forward • Changing the quality and type of aggregate in EAC could lead to a change

in texture orientation / spikiness and improve surface performance. • Need to examine Elongation, flatness etc in mix design to minimize

spikiness.

QUESTIONS