Performance Testing of Peltier Element · 2018. 9. 29. · Performance Testing of Peltier Element Mansi M. Naphade1, Atul K. Joshi2 1;2 Department of Instrumentation and Control MKSSS’s

Performance Testing of Peltier Element

Mansi M. Naphade1, Atul K. Joshi21,2 Department of Instrumentation and Control

MKSSS’s Cummins College of Engineering for WomenPune, India

[email protected] ,[email protected]

June 29, 2018

Abstract

This paper shows a trial review to confirm the powerutilization for various topologies of cooling system. For thispurpose, different test bench is constructed with thermo-electric cooling system, data acquisition system and desiredpower supply. For adequate cooling capacity of coolingholder, efficiency of cooling holder is evaluated. It is im-portant to know correct power consumption for the designpurpose. As the power consumption increases, the cost ofpower supply also increases, for providing enough power tothermoelectric module. Different testing done on thermo-electric cooler module (TECM), and the temperature profileof various cooling holder is assessed and talked about. Thebest outcome from them is proposed.

Key Words:TEC module; Power supply; Cooling Holder;Heat Sink

1 INTRODUCTION

The main cause for the death of infant and young children in ruralarea is infectious diseases. To prevent them, vaccine is best andeasiest method [3]. These vaccines are administrated into the child

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or infants during immunization program. Cold Chain System isone of the most important parts of the immunization program. Inwhich storing and transporting of vaccine is included. Vaccines arestored at 2◦C to 8◦C [1], according to world Health OrganizationVaccines loses their potency if they exposed to heat or they does notmaintained at 2◦C to 8◦C[3]. Hence, to provide influence vaccineto the patient, important part is freezing state of cooling containeror its frees functioning [3].

In order to design and development of vaccine carrier. It is nec-essary to determine cooling power of thermoelectric cooling systemand it would be satisfactory for the applications [3]. Power con-sumption of different topologies by using one TECM, two TECMs,three TECMs and 10 TECMs with cooling holder for thermal simu-lation is studied. Among them, the best topology is with 2 TECMsbecause it gives big temperature difference which is enough for coldstorage to 5C while ambient temperature is 30◦C. And it requiresless power consumption among all topologies [6].

Peltiers are the temperature device, choice for a broad rangeof application. The system features are high heating and coolingrate and excellent temperature accuracy. Thermoelectric cooler isdirectly used as a heat pump that converts heat into electricityand vice versa. Operating principal of TECMs is based on peltiereffect, it makes temperature difference (∆T) by exchanging heatbetween two electrical intersections [7]. An operational parame-ter for these active cooler is controlled by pulse width modula-tion pattern (PWM), to achieve high efficiency and coefficient ofperformance(COP). TEC operation is evaluated for various PWMpatterns (such as constant dc current, classical PWM pattern, themodified PWM pattern, the last one is considered positive effectPWM on TEC operation), switching frequencies, duty cycle val-ues, cooling efficiency and COP factor. Based on PWM patternthermoelectric cooling systems reduce electric power consumptionexpressively and COP factor maximizes, but electromagnetic inter-ference (EMI) issues created during experimental process. Hence,PWM have limitations on applicability, specifically at high switch-ing frequencies above 10 kHz [8].

Sun oriented energy is sustainable power resource, got from sun.This energy asset is utilized for age of power by utilizing photo-voltaic cell. The TEC system with Power supply and Photovoltaic

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(PV) independently worked. PV is reinforcement with batteries inovercast days and around evening time. In this study, COP valuesof PV occur higher for highest level of solar radiation then constantpower supply.

2 Thermoelectric Cooling Theory

Thermoelectric cooling module stated as heat pump based on ther-moelectric effect. At the point when DC power is connected to themodule heat moves from cold surface to hot surface. The directionof current is directly related the heat pumped.

Fig. 1. Schematic Diagram of the Peltier Effect

Fig. 2. Schematic of Peltier Element

This working principle is known as the Peltier Effect which isthe converse of Seebeck effect shown in Figure 1. TECM withdifferent voltages, current and heat pumping capacities are availablein the market, according to need of applications. By using combinedassembly of heat sink and fan, hot side of cooling holder is cooled.

The hypothesis on which thermoelectric module works, was cre-ated in 1911[10]. At that time, there were no materials, which coolmodules effectively. Metals having low coefficient of performance of1%, were used for cooling purpose. Since this metals having greatheat conductivity and they drive heat from hot surface to cold. In1950, semiconductor material was derived having improved COPUp to 20% [6], because they having low thermal conductivity thenmetal. Semiconductors are made up of bismuth (Bi), antimony(Sb), tellurium (Te), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn), selenium (Se),Bismuth tellurid (Bi2Te3) is widely used nowadays.

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TEC’s have been widely used in commercial and aerospace ap-plications in last two decades. The main advantages of Peltier aresmall size, vibrations free, absence of noise and fast dynamic con-trol [8]. TECs are used in conditioners for pharmaceutical, medicaldiagnostic equipment and in special refrigerators as well as in in-dustrial applications. The interesting part in TEC’s is the circuitends and consequently the formation of a temperature differencebetween the ends, will results in warming or cooling. N and P typesemiconductors metal pairs formed by one or more to obtain a cor-rect current to flow as TEM and electrical circuit diagram shownin figure 2. Generally P and N type of thermocouple electricallyconnected in series and thermally in parallel, in between ceramics.Heating and cooling is depending on direction of flow.

3 Performance Testing of Peltier Ele-

ment

Testability is vital to decide at whether the right temperature isgone after for the safe storage of vaccine. Results will be evalu-ated to determine the outcome of the project and also importantfor final product to be testable. Design considerations have beenmade during the development of project. This considerations aredepends on system values. These values are essential for the betterresults of project and also helpful during detail design. Differenttest setup are listed below:-

• Testing with Bare Peltier

• Peltier with Heat Sink

• Peltier with Aluminum Container Empty

• Testing with Bare

• Testing with Cylindrical Aluminum Container

A. Testing with Bare Peltier: All sections of testing are shownin figure 3. The most important component of the cooling systemis TECMs cooling holder and heat sink. Thermal pastel (like wise

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called CPU oil, heat glue, heat sink compound, heat sink paste,thermal compound, thermal gel, thermal interface material) is asort of thermally conductive (but usually electrically protecting)compound. Which is usually utilized as an interface between heatsinks and heat sources (e.g. side of peltier and surface of warmthsink )? The fundamental part of thermal paste is to dispose ofair holes (which act as thermal insulator) from the interface area toexpand heat exchange. Heat sink compound is only a heat interfacematerial. In figure 3, illustrated as bare peltier is placed on heatsink attached with cooling fan. The temperature profile of barepeltier shows up to 2◦C within 100 sec, at ambient temperature.This temperature is sufficient for the storage of vaccine.

B. Peltier with Heat Sink: For determining the cooling holdercapacity, a small size of heat sink is used as a cooling holder. Inthermodynamics, heat sink is utilized as warmth store that can ab-sorbs subjective measure of heat without evolving temperature. Aheat sink is typically comprised of copper or aluminum. Benefi-cial properties of copper are thermally productive and strong heatexchanger. Most prominent and first, copper is an excellent conduc-tor of heat. This means copper having high thermal conductivityand allow heat to pass quickly. And also aluminum sinks are usedbecause they are low in cost and lightweight. Alternative to cop-per heat sink and having low thermal conductivity than copper. Intesting 2, copper plate is place below the peltier and aluminum heatsink on the peltier. Dimensions of aluminum heat sink are 40mm×40mm × 15mm. It cools up to 3.9◦C within 2 to 3 mins at ambienttemperature as shown in figure 4.

Fig. 3. Testing 1

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Fig. 4. Testing 2

C. Peltier with Aluminum Container Empty: Again for deter-mining the cooling capacity of small size Aluminum Container isdirectly clamp on peltier. Clamping is most essential for propercontact of Al. Container with Peltier surface, so that cooling effectincreases. Temperature decreases up to 2.4◦C in 3 to 4 mins atambient temperature as shown in figure 5.

D. Aluminum Container with 25ml Water: For better check,some amount of water is added in aluminum container. Initiallytemperature starts decreasing slowly than aluminum container empty.Temperature reaches up to 5◦C in 3 to 4 mins. After sometime,Equilibrium condition occurs, means temperature difference be-come null. So that, both side of Peltier starts heating. Temper-ature of both side of peltier increases. Figure 6, shows the result ofcooling Al. container with 25ml water.

E. Testing with Cylindrical Aluminum Container: In this simu-lations, designed Aluminum cylindrical container is directly placedon the peltier element. Aluminum cylindrical container is used ascooling holder. Cylindrical container is extracted from Aluminumbar(φ40mm, height 100mm) as shown in figure 7. Dimensions ofcooling holder are designed according to peltier element(40mm ×40mm × 3mm). In last topology , Al container is thin then cylin-drical container. Hence it absorbs cooling faster than this, but itcannot hold cooled temperature for long time. In this testing, tem-perature of cylindrical container does not cooled up to 8◦C but itcan hold cooled temperature for long time. Temperature decreasesup to 29◦C at 33◦C ambient temperature in 4 to 5 mins. Aftersometime, equilibrium condition occurs and cylindrical containerstarts heating.

Fig. 5. Testing 3

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Fig. 5. Testing 3

Fig. 7. (a)Cylindrical Aluminum Container and Aluminum bar(b) Dimensions of Aluminum Container

Fig. 7. Testing 5

4 POWER CONSUMPTION

It is essential, to know the correct power utilization for the designpurpose and also for selection of batteries. As TECM-12706 haspower consumption of 92.4Watts, with voltage & current rating of15.2V & 6amp respectively. Table 1 illustrates, power consumptionfor each testing done in Experimental Survey. The cost of powersupply increments with the expansion in control utilization becauseof batteries to give enough energy to the TECMs. The reason forthis testing is to keep low power utilization with the goal that costof power supply as low as conceivable.

Table I. Experimental Results

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5 CONCLUSION

The power utilization of various topologies of cooling holder is con-firmed. The productivity of cooling holder is evaluated under typ-ical working conditions to deciding its cooling limit is sufficient.The plan compels for diverse recreations that have talked aboutand furthermore cooling holder topologies are evaluated and exam-ined. Consequently, correct control supply is fundamental for betterexecution of Peltier element. These experimental results, helps indesigning of vaccine carrier on the basis of power consumption andtemperature achieved by cooling holders. To increases cooling ca-pacity of peltier element, exact power supply and heat sink withhigh thermal conductivity is required.

AcknowledgementI might want to recognize Cummins College of Engineering, De-

partment of Instrumentation and Control for their ethical help andsupport in this work.

References

[1] http://www.who.org/, Procurement Guideline: Vaccine Car-rier and Cold Box.

[2] http://WHO/PQS/E003/RF05.3,PQS/, Performance Specifi-cation, Refrigerator and water pack freezer: compression cycle.Solar direct drive without battery storage.

[3] N. Zabihi and R. Gouws, Design a thermoelectric coolingholder supplied by photovoltaic panels, Proc. of the 23 South-

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ern African Universities Power Engineering Conf. (SAUPEC),Johannesburg, pp. 444-449, Jan. 2015.

[4] Visit to National Cold Chain Research Centre, Naidu Hospital,Pune

[5] T. M. Tritt, Thermoelectric Material: Principles, Structure,Properties, and Applications, Encyclopedia of Materials: Sci-ence and Tech., pp. 1-11. Jan. 2002.

[6] N. Zabihi and R. Gouws, Verifying the Cooling Capacity andPower Consumption of Thermoelectric Cooling Holder, Inter-national Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE),Cape Town, South Africa , pp.115-119, April 2015 , .

[7] A. D. Rosa. Thermoelectricity in fundamentals of RenewableEnergy Source, New York, NY, USA Elsevier, pp 153-218,2009.

[8] A. Boubaris, E. Karampasis, D. Voglitsis, N. Papanikolaou,Experimental Survey on Active Thermoelectric Cooling Drivenby PWN Techniques, Panhellenic Conference on Electronicsand Telecommunications (PACET), Xanthi, Greece, pp. 1-4,Nov. 2017.

[9] E. Balta, D. O. Esen, A. Kaman, An Experimental Investiga-tion of Thermoelectric Cooling with Solar Panel, InternationalConference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications(ICRERA), Nagasaki, Japan, pp. 1-6, Nov. 2012.

[10] N. Zabihi and R. Gouws, ”Thermal performance of a coolingholder with two thermoelectric cooling modules,” InternationalConference on the Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy(ICUE), Cape Town, pp. 154-159, Aug. 2016.

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Documents

Performance Testing of Peltier Element · 2018. 9. 29. · Performance Testing of Peltier Element Mansi M. Naphade1, Atul K. Joshi2 1;2 Department of Instrumentation and Control MKSSS’s