Performance Validation of Mobile IP Wireless Networks Presented by Syed Shahzad Ali Advisor Dr. Ravi Pendse

Performance Validation of Mobile IP Wireless NetworksPresented bySyed Shahzad Ali

Advisor Dr. Ravi Pendse

AgendaObjectiveMotivationIntroductionProblems : IP Addresses, Location, Routing Solution: Mobile IP ProtocolNs-2 test-bed and resultsRouters Lab setup Test-bed and resultFuture Work

ObjectivePerformance validation of mobile IP based wireless networks by collecting results on NS-2 simulator and by working in the LAB.Validate the effects of mobility on the transport layerImplement a test bed for the measurement of various parameters that might impact wireless network performance

MotivationIncreasing mobile workforceDramatic improvement in size, weight, and sophistications of notebook computersTo correctly predict current and future use of Internet technology

Wireless NetworkingWireless networking is the use of Radio Frequency (RF) technology to connect workstations in a Local Area Network (LAN) or LAN's in a Wide Area Network (WAN).

This technology allows ethernet speed with a limited or no wired connections. It transmits and receives information over the air.

What is Mobile IP?MIP defines how MN change their Point Of Attachment to the Internet without changing their IP addressEach MN is always identified by its home IP addressHA sends datagrams for MN through a tunnel to the COANo protocol enhancement is required in other hosts or routers

What if Node MovesRouting decisions are based upon the network-prefix portion of the IP Destination Address10.10.0.1/16130.10.1.0/24Router

Problem Due to MobilityInternetMobile Node130.1.1.1130.1.x.xABC?Route Next 130.1.x.x BRoute Next 130.1.x.x ACNCN

Mobile IP ProcessAgent Discovery to find AgentHome agent and foreign agents periodically advertise agent advertisementsThey also respond to solicitation from mobile nodeMobile Node selects an agent and uses Care-Of-Address for further communication

Care-Of-AddressIP Address associated with a mobile node that is visiting a foreign networkIt generally changes every time MN moves from one foreign network to anotherA FA COA can be any one of the FAs IP AddressA FA COA can be shared by many MN simultaneously

Mobile IP Process (Contd.)RegistrationMobile Node registers its COA with home agent either directly or through foreign agent.Home agent then sends a reply back to mobile node via FA about successful COA registrationEach mobility binding has a negotiated life time limitTo continue further working in FN, registration must be done within lifetime

Overview of MobileIP Functionality1. MN discovers agent2. MN obtains COA (Care Of Address)3. MN registers with HA4. HA tunnels packets from CN to MN5. FA forwards packets from MN to CNHA FA1. and 2.3.MNCN5.4.

Encapsulation/ TunnelingHome Agent Intercepts mobile nodes datagrams and forwards them to COAHome Agent tells all hosts to send mobile nodes datagram to itHome Agent then send it to FA via TunnelDecapsulation: Datagram is extracted by FA and sent to mobile node

Encapsulation/TunnelingIP CloudHome NetworkNew Network/Foreign NetworkHome AgentForeign AgentMobile NodeMobile NodeCorrespondent Node

Network SimulatorsSimulation: a common technique used by researchers Test scenarios that yet not occurred in real worldPredict performance to aid technology designImprove validation of the behavior of existing protocols

NS-2 SimulatorObject oriented, discrete event simulatorNS development is supported by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency)NS-2 is written in C++ and Otcl (Object tool command language)Network scenarios are written into Tcl languageLarge and complex trace files are generatedSoftware package extracts the data from trace fileComplicated and long process

Trace File Formatr 68.423159 3 1 tcp 1020 ------- 2 0.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 6319 12983+ 68.423159 1 2 tcp 1020 ------- 2 0.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 6319 12983- 68.423159 1 2 tcp 1020 ------- 2 0.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 6319 12983r 68.423209029 _6_ AGT --- 12976 tcp 1000 [a2 3 1 800] ------- [0:0 4194305:2 28 4194305] [6316 0] 1 0s 68.423209029 _6_ AGT --- 12996 ack 40 [0 0 0 0] ------- [4194305:2 0:0 32 0] [6316 0] 0 0r 68.423346 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6313 12989+ 68.423346 2 1 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6313 12989- 68.423346 2 1 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6313 12989r 68.424037 0 1 tcp 1000 ------- 2 0.0.0.0 1.0.1.2 6322 12988+ 68.424037 1 3 tcp 1000 ------- 2 0.0.0.0 1.0.1.2 6322 12988- 68.424037 1 3 tcp 1000 ------- 2 0.0.0.0 1.0.1.2 6322 12988+ 68.424559 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6314 12990- 68.424559 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6314 12990r 68.425271 2 1 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6311 12984+ 68.425271 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6311 12984- 68.425271 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6311 12984+ 68.425611 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6315 12992- 68.425611 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6315 12992r 68.426802 2 1 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6312 12986+ 68.426802 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6312 12986- 68.426802 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6312 12986+ 68.427576 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6316 12996- 68.427576 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6316 12996r 68.428204 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6307 12977+ 68.428204 0 1 tcp 1000 ------- 2 0.0.0.0 1.0.1.2 6327 12997

Network Setup (NS-2)

Test Bed Setup Flow

Mobile IP Scenario File written in TCL Language

The trace file generated by ns2.

A program written in AWK language grab only TCP information out of the ns2 Trace File. Save the information into another file named tcp_info.tr

Another AWK program examines every line of the tcp_info.tr file and generates latency behavior.

A Program in C++ (delay_avg2.cpp), further normalizes the results

A Program (create.sh) control the whole process of calculating delay out of a raw trace file format of ns2 simulator

Finally a program (final_avg.sh) takes the averages.

Another program automatically email the results to me.

while (!all tcl files run )

Results NS-2

BW

Link Delay

Queue Length

Complete Avg.Delay

Avg. DelayHA-FA1

Avg. DelayFA1-FA2

Tunnel Overhead

MB

ms

ms

ms

ms

Ms

1

2

50

63.459

65.856

61.282

43.459

1

2

100

63.413

64.507

31.222

53.353

1

2

150

63.109

64.299

30.39

52.849

1

5

50

85.967

60.021

56.399

59.967

1

5

100

66.331

60.021

50.848

53.331

1

5

150

66.368

59.473

50.316

53.368

1

10

50

67.529

55.957

36.857

49.529

1

10

100

67.431

53.642

36.857

49.431

1

10

150

67.513

55.111

36.921

49.513

Result NS-2 (cont.)

BW

Link Delay

Queue Length

Complete Avg. Delay

Avg. Delay HA-FA1

Avg. Delay FA1-FA2

Tunnel Overhead

MB

ms

ms

ms

ms

ms

5.5

2

50

29.29

29.322

30.685

9.381

5.5

2

100

29.619

29.322

30.685

9.718

5.5

2

150

29.619

29.322

30.685

9.718

5.5

5

50

32.909

32.036

34.016

10.45

5.5

5

100

32.459

32.049

34.016

9.559

5.5

5

150

32.459

32.036

34.76

9.559

5.5

10

50

37.458

36.998

38.093

21.004

5.5

10

100

37.458

36.998

38.093

21.004

5.5

10

150

36.998

38.09

36.998

20.544

Result NS-2 (Contd.)

BW

Link Delay

Queue Length

Complete Avg. Delay

Avg. Delay HA-FA1

Avg. Delay FA1-FA2

Tunnel Overhead

MB

ms

Ms

Ms

ms

ms

11

2

50

23.076

22.78

24.406

2.954

11

2

100

23.076

22.77

24.321

2.954

11

2

150

23.011

22.67

24.136

2.889

11

5

50

26.027

25.737

27.629

5.3

11

5

100

26.027

25.739

27.631

5.573

11

5

150

26.198

25.322

27.823

5.93

11

10

50

30.984

30.597

31.879

13.418

11

10

100

30.984

30.688

24.548

14.184

11

10

150

30.83

30.597

31.879

11.103

Lab Setup

Lab Results

Bandwidth

Link Delay

Queue Length

CompleteAverage Delay

Average DelayHA-FA1

Average DelayFA1-FA2

Tunnel Overhead

MB

ms

ms

ms

ms

ms

1

2

50

55.023

50.715

59.156

24.903

1

2

100

64.991

61.795

69.488

34.371

1

2

150

65.87

62.552

69.45

35.75

1

5

50

56.112

50.551

59.767

25.422

1

5

100

65.735

61.93

62.553

35.615

1

5

150

54.427

50.717

58.577

24.287

1

10

50

66.172

61.541

56.612

35.552

1

10

100

66.807

61.913

61.448

36.117

1

10

150

53.948

60.723

64.608

23.828

Lab Results (Cont.)

Bandwidth

Link Delay

Queue Length

Complete Average Delay

Average DelayHA-FA1

Average DelayFA1-FA2

Tunnel Overhead

MB

ms

ms

ms

ms

ms

5.5

2

50

42.705

29.398

51.518

26.575

5.5

2

100

44.99

31.164

44.207

28.37

5.5

2

150

44.112

31.125

51.868

27.432

5.5

5

50

47.631

42.736

51.92

31.511

5.5

5

100

45.309

31.37

38.141

29.159

5.5

5

150

43.124

31.124

52.303

27.004

5.5

10

50

42.35

31.062

52.196

25.39

5.5

10

100

46.522

31.18

51.949

30.402

5.5

10

150

35.262

31.017

38.554

19.142

Lab Results (Contd.)

Bandwidth

Link Delay

Queue Length

Complete Average Delay

Average DelayHA-FA1

Average Delay FA1-FA2

Tunnel Overhead

MB

ms

ms

ms

ms

ms

11

2

50

35.86

39.131

43.389

21.718

11

2

100

34.892

28.824

48.749

20.767

11

2

150

35.02

28.704

37.538

20.895

11

5

50

37.24

39.145

45.621

23.115

11

5

100

34.964

39.257

52.762

20.839

11

5

150

35.891

39.13

54.185

21.765

11

10

50

33.103

39.454

54.328

18.939

11

10

100

37.313

39.068

48.525

23.151

11

10

150

34.187

28.657

52.792

20.062

1MB Bandwidth

Chart2

55.02363.459

64.99163.413

65.8763.109

56.11285.967

65.73566.331

54.42766.368

66.17267.529

66.80767.431

53.94867.513

Complete Average Delay LAB ms

Complete Avg. Delay Sim ms

Sheet1

CompleteComplete Avg.

Average Delay LABDelay Sim

msms

55.02363.459

64.99163.413

65.8763.109

56.11285.967

65.73566.331

54.42766.368

66.17267.529

66.80767.431

53.94867.513

Sheet1



Sheet2

Sheet3

5.5 MB Bandwidth

Chart3

42.70529.29

44.9929.619

44.11229.619

47.63132.909

45.30932.459

43.12432.459

42.3537.458

46.52237.458

35.26236.998



Sheet1

1mb



msms

55.02363.459

64.99163.413

65.8763.109

56.11285.967

65.73566.331

54.42766.368

66.17267.529

66.80767.431

53.94867.513

Sheet1



Sheet2

5.5MB

Complete Average Delay LABComplete Avg. Delay Sim

msms

42.70529.29

44.9929.619

44.11229.619

47.63132.909

45.30932.459

43.12432.459

42.3537.458

46.52237.458

35.26236.998

Sheet2



Sheet3

11 MB Bandwidth

Chart4

35.8623.076

34.89223.076

35.0223.011

37.2426.027

34.96426.027

35.89126.198

33.10330.984

37.31330.984

34.18730.83



Sheet1

1mb



msms

55.02363.459

64.99163.413

65.8763.109

56.11285.967

65.73566.331

54.42766.368

66.17267.529

66.80767.431

53.94867.513

Sheet1



Sheet2

5.5MB


msms

42.70529.29

44.9929.619

44.11229.619

47.63132.909

45.30932.459

43.12432.459

42.3537.458

46.52237.458

35.26236.998

Sheet2



Sheet3

11MB


msms

35.8623.076

34.89223.076

35.0223.011

37.2426.027

34.96426.027

35.89126.198

33.10330.984

37.31330.984

34.18730.83

Sheet3



Sheet4

1MB

Tunnel Overhead SimTunnel Overhead Lab

msms

43.45924.903

53.35334.371

52.84935.75

59.96725.422

53.33135.615

53.36824.287

49.52935.552

49.43136.117

49.51323.828

Sheet4

Tunnel Overhead Sim ms

Tunnel Overhead Lab ms

Sheet5

5.5MB

TunnelTunnel Overhead LAB

Overhead Sim msms

9.38126.575

9.71828.37

9.71827.432

10.4531.511

9.55929.159

9.55927.004

21.00425.39

21.00430.402

20.54419.142

Sheet5


Tunnel Overhead LAB ms

Sheet6

11MB

Tunnel Overhead LABTunnel

msOverhead Sim ms

21.7182.954

20.7672.954

20.8952.889

23.1155.3

20.8395.573

21.7655.93

18.9393.418

23.15114.184

20.06211.103

Sheet6



1 MB Bandwidth

Chart5

24.90343.459

34.37153.353

35.7552.849

25.42259.967

35.61553.331

24.28753.368

35.55249.529

36.11749.431

23.82849.513



Sheet1

1mb



msms

55.02363.459

64.99163.413

65.8763.109

56.11285.967

65.73566.331

54.42766.368

66.17267.529

66.80767.431

53.94867.513

Sheet1



Sheet2

5.5MB


msms

42.70529.29

44.9929.619

44.11229.619

47.63132.909

45.30932.459

43.12432.459

42.3537.458

46.52237.458

35.26236.998

Sheet2



Sheet3

11MB


msms

35.8623.076

34.89223.076

35.0223.011

37.2426.027

34.96426.027

35.89126.198

33.10330.984

37.31330.984

34.18730.83

Sheet3



Sheet4

1MB

Tunnel Overhead LabTunnel Overhead Sim

msms

24.90343.459

34.37153.353

35.7552.849

25.42259.967

35.61553.331

24.28753.368

35.55249.529

36.11749.431

23.82849.513

Sheet4



Sheet5

5.5MB


Overhead Sim msms

9.38126.575

9.71828.37

9.71827.432

10.4531.511

9.55929.159

9.55927.004

21.00425.39

21.00430.402

20.54419.142

Sheet5



Sheet6

11MB


msOverhead Sim ms

21.7182.954

20.7672.954

20.8952.889

23.1155.3

20.8395.573

21.7655.93

18.9393.418

23.15114.184

20.06211.103

Sheet6



5.5 MB Bandwidth

Chart6

26.5759.381

28.379.718

27.4329.718

31.51110.45

29.1599.559

27.0049.559

25.3921.004

30.40221.004

19.14220.544



Sheet1

1mb



msms

55.02363.459

64.99163.413

65.8763.109

56.11285.967

65.73566.331

54.42766.368

66.17267.529

66.80767.431

53.94867.513

Sheet1



Sheet2

5.5MB


msms

42.70529.29

44.9929.619

44.11229.619

47.63132.909

45.30932.459

43.12432.459

42.3537.458

46.52237.458

35.26236.998

Sheet2



Sheet3

11MB


msms

35.8623.076

34.89223.076

35.0223.011

37.2426.027

34.96426.027

35.89126.198

33.10330.984

37.31330.984

34.18730.83

Sheet3



Sheet4

1MB

Tunnel Overhead LabTunnel Overhead Sim

msms

24.90343.459

34.37153.353

35.7552.849

25.42259.967

35.61553.331

24.28753.368

35.55249.529

36.11749.431

23.82849.513

Sheet4



Sheet5

5.5MB


msOverhead Sim ms

26.5759.381

28.379.718

27.4329.718

31.51110.45

29.1599.559

27.0049.559

25.3921.004

30.40221.004

19.14220.544

Sheet5



Sheet6

11MB


msOverhead Sim ms

21.7182.954

20.7672.954

20.8952.889

23.1155.3

20.8395.573

21.7655.93

18.9393.418

23.15114.184

20.06211.103

Sheet6



11 MB Bandwidth

Chart3

21.7182.954

20.7672.954

20.8952.889

23.1155.3

20.8395.573

21.7655.93

18.9393.418

23.15114.184

20.06211.103



Sheet1

1mb



msms

55.02363.459

64.99163.413

65.8763.109

56.11285.967

65.73566.331

54.42766.368

66.17267.529

66.80767.431

53.94867.513

Sheet1



Sheet2

5.5MB


msms

42.70529.29

44.9929.619

44.11229.619

47.63132.909

45.30932.459

43.12432.459

42.3537.458

46.52237.458

35.26236.998

Sheet2

42.70529.29

44.9929.619

44.11229.619

47.63132.909

45.30932.459

43.12432.459

42.3537.458

46.52237.458

35.26236.998



Sheet3

Complete Average DelayComplete Avg. Delay Sim

msms

35.8623.076

34.89223.076

35.0223.011

37.2426.027

34.96426.027

35.89126.198

33.10330.984

37.31330.984

34.18730.83

Sheet3

Complete Average Delay ms


Sheet4

1MB

Tunnel Overhead SimTunnel Overhead Lab

msms

43.45924.903

53.35334.371

52.84935.75

59.96725.422

53.33135.615

53.36824.287

49.52935.552

49.43136.117

49.51323.828

Sheet4



Sheet5

5.5MB


Overhead Sim msms

9.38126.575

9.71828.37

9.71827.432

10.4531.511

9.55929.159

9.55927.004

21.00425.39

21.00430.402

20.54419.142

Sheet5



Sheet6

11MB


msOverhead Sim ms

21.7182.954

20.7672.954

20.8952.889

23.1155.3

20.8395.573

21.7655.93

18.9393.418

23.15114.184

20.06211.103

Sheet6



ConclusionOverall comparison shows that results are almost same so we can rely on simulator to predict mobile IP wireless networksIn lowest bandwidths, tunnel overhead is more than 50% of the overall network latencyDuring roaming packets are lost and retransmitted

Conclusion (cont.)Latencies values in lab setup are higher than collected from NS-2 setupIn lab handoff was achieved between networks by changing SSID of mobile nodeIn NS-2 handoff is based on received signal power strengthNetwork performance improved when high bandwidths are used

ConclusionStrict separation between layer 2 and layer 3 results in increased network latenciesMobile node may only communicate with a directly connected FAMN may only begin registration process after layer 2 handoff to a new FA is completedThe registration process takes some time to complete. During this time MN is not able to send or receive IP packets

Future WorkIn this research the correspondent node was stationary. A study can be done where CN is also mobileStudy can be done to determine and validate performance with more number of mobile nodesReal time traffic using RTP protocol may be realized

Thank you very much for attending the presentationQuestions?

Range: The range of the wireless network is an important consideration when using a wireless network. Access point and station adapters have a range of 3280 ft in open space and 200 ft-650 ft indoors. PCMCIA adapters have an open space range of 2200 ft and an indoor range of 300 ft. These ranges are affected by interferences such as microwaves and other radio interferences, as well as interference for structures such as walls and doors.Throughput: The amount of data transferable using wireless devices is important. The amount will not be as great as a standard wired LAN, but will be greater than using a using wireless modems or other such devices. The access point, PCMCIA adapter, and station adapter have a data rate of 3mb. This data rate, however, is not throughput. When data is being transferred via wireless networking it requires a certain amount of overhead which is also included in the data rate. Most networks do not require more throughput than provided by the devices.Integrity: The wireless network is a generally stable form of communication. The robust designs of proven wireless technology and the limited distance over which signals travel result in connections that are far more robust than cellular phone connections and provide data integrity performance equal to or better than wired networking.Interoperability: Wireless device provide the ability to connect to wired LAN with ease. Adapters and access points work like a wired connection, except that no wires are necessary. The computer connects to other computers just as it would for a wired connection, because wireless devices use a "transparent protocol". These devices are compatible with IEEE 802.11 standards, which is the industry standard for wireless devices. Although industry standards are being set, most devices do not work with devices made by another manufacturer. In the future more interoperability will function as industry standards are polished and device become completely interchangeable.Scalability: Wireless networks can be designed to be extremely simple or quite complex. Wireless networks can support large numbers of nodes and/or large physical areas by adding access points to boost or extend coverage.Simplicity of installation and use: Users need very little new information to take advantage of wireless LANs. Because of the nature of a wireless LAN is transparent to a user's network operating system, applications work the same as they do on wired LANs. Wireless devices incorporate a variety of diagnostic tools to address issues associated with the wireless elements of the system; however, products are designed so that most users rarely need these tools.Security: Because wireless technology has roots in military applications, security has long been a design criteria for wireless devices. Security provisions are typically built into wireless LANs, making them more secure than most wired LANs. It is extremely difficult for unintended receivers (eavesdroppers) to listen in on wireless LAN traffic. Complex encryption techniques make it impossible for all but the most sophisticated to gain unauthorized access to network traffic. In general, individual nodes must be security-enabled before they are allowed to participate in network traffic.Battery Life for Mobile Platforms: End-user wireless products are designed to run off the AC or battery power from their host notebook or hand-held computer, since they have no direct wire connectivity of their own. WLAN vendors typically employ special design techniques to maximize the host computer's energy usage and battery life.Safety: The output power of wireless LAN systems is very low, much less than that of a hand-held cellular phone. Since radio waves fade rapidly over distance, very little exposure to RF energy is provided to those in the area of a wireless LAN system. Wireless LANs must meet stringent government and industry regulations for safety. No adverse health affects have ever been attributed to wireless LANs.From : http://aspin.asu.edu/projects/wireless/introduction.htmlLocation DiscoveryMobile IP works because the mobile node is able to discover whether it is at home or away from home. A host determines whether it is on its home network by using extensions to ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) (RFC 1256). These IRDP extensions indicate mobility agent information that facilitates agent discovery. Routers acting as home agents (HAs) or foreign agents (FAs) will advertise their existence.HAs are routers located on the mobile node's home network that are capable of tunneling the mobile node's datagrams to it while it is away. FAs are devices on a network that are capable of acting as a detunneling point for datagrams to the mobile node. Agent discovery, like router discovery, works through advertisements, solicitations, and responses. A mobile aware host, which is a host that is capable of utilizing mobile IP, will listen for agent advertisements or solicit them. An agent advertisement will indicate a mobility agent's IP address as well as whether it is able to serve as an HA or FA. Agents will also advertise the registration options they are capable of supporting, as well as their availability, by using the appropriate fields. If the mobile node notices its own HA's advertisement, it knows it is at home and does not need to register or do anything special in order to receive its datagrams.

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Performance Validation of Mobile IP Wireless Networks Presented by Syed Shahzad Ali Advisor Dr. Ravi Pendse