Period 1: Pre-Columbian to Early Colonization

& APUSH Themes

1491 - 1607

Agenda

● HW report out - What worked?● Resources ● Vocab Period 1● Themes of APUSH● Lecture on Native societies ● Homework

Resources - Know these! I’ll add to website and will require you to watch some...

Adam Norris (very comprehensive, but a tad snoozy)Gilder Lehrman Institute (great for unit/period reviews)Tom Richey (his voice... but helpful)John Green (entertaining/helpful, but less comprehensive)

Themes of APUSH (Wood, 7)

● Identity● Work, Exchange and Technology● Peopling● Politics and Power● America in the World● Environment and Geography: Human and Physical● Ideas, Beliefs and Culture

Period 1: 1491 - 1607

You will be able to: Identify causes of European exploration; recognize positive and negative effects of the Columbian Exchange; and identify the causes of colonial settlement.

The arrival of the European in the Western Hemisphere in the 15th and 16th centuries triggered extensive demographic and social changes on both sides of the Atlantic.

What were positives and negatives of the Columbian Exchange on both hemisphere?

What were reasons that led to European exploration?

When Worlds Collide

Columbus’s discovery convulsed four continents—Europe, Africa, and the two Americas.An independent global economic system emerged.The world after 1492 would never be the same.

- Introduction and exchange between old and new world flora and fauna.

- Sugar revolution- Spread of diseases- Horses changed native societies - Slave trade...

The Columbian Exchange Alfred Crosby

The exchange of plants, animals, culture, humans, diseases, etc. between the Americas, Europe, and Africa.

Important to know the impact of exchange.

Close Reading: Alfred Crosby, The Columbian Exchange

Theme Work, Exchange, and Technology:

How did the Columbian Exchange—the mutual transfer of material goods, commodities, animals, and diseases—affect interaction between Europeans and natives and among indigenous peoples in North America?

Impacts of the Columbian Exchange

European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social, religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building.

Decimation of cultures and indigenous peoples.

Spread of Christianity and the Spanish, English, and Portuguese languages.

Negatives and positives?

What drove Europeans to expand?

3 G’s:

Gold

Glory

God/Gospel

England’s Imperialism Under Queen Elizabeth - In the 1500s England made feeble efforts to develop overseas

colonies.- In the 1530s Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church,

launching the English Protestant Reformation.- The first English attempt at colonization was off the coast of

Newfoundland.- In 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh landed on North Carolina’s Roanoke

Island.- Virginia was named in honor of Elizabeth, the “Virgin Queen.”

Eve of the Empire

- England experienced strong economic and social changes and a “surplus population.”

- Laws of primogeniture meant that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates.

- By the early 1600s, the joint-stock company was perfected.

- Peace with Spain provided the opportunity for English colonization.

Jamestown on the horizon

New technology - sextant (sailing)Money and food from the Americas led to population growth and helped shift the economy to capitalism.

- Creation of joint-stock companies- Jamestown, 1607

- End of Period - MUST REVIEW

APUSH Exam TipsBe familiar with:

- The impacts of the Columbian Exchange (not just flora/fauna)- Explain/identify impact

- Increase world trade, permanently connecting hemispheres.

- Identify specific goods and impact (potatoes, horse, sugar)

- Impact on Africans and Africa - slave trade

Homework ● Vocab (next Wednesday 9/6)● Readings - Wood, 46-58 (8/30);

Wood, 59-64 (9/6)● Period 1 Review (below)

Tom Richey Period 1 Native American Cultures: http://www.tomrichey.net/apushperiod1.html

The Gilder Lehrman Institute http://ap.gilderlehrman.org/period/1