Period 4

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Overview of Period 4• Empires and other political systems

– Other seas empires– Ottoman Empire– Mughal – Ming China– Russia Empire– Japan

• Hemispheric Exchange– Columbian Exchange – Triangular trade

• Systems of Slavery– Slave trade

• Cultural and Intellectual changes – Protestant and Catholic Reformation – Scientific Revolution– The Enlightenment

QUIZ

Question 1

• Mercantilism a. Did not affect empires that were not based in

Europeb. Brought long-term prosperity to Europec. Encouraged the importation of foreign goodsd. Supported free tradee. Sparked further rivalries among European

nations

Question 2

• In the early eighteenth century, the political system where citizens enjoyed the greatest amount of self-rule was a. Japanb. Russiac. Franced. Englande. The Ottoman Empire

Question 3

• Both the Russian Empire and Ming Chinaa. Became increasingly more traditional after the

expulsion of the Mongolsb. Improved the position of women in the period 1450-

1750c. Established policies that were a reaction to the

Mongol presence in central Asiad. Cooperated with the established religion in their

respective countriese. Enjoyed a surge of renewed industrial growth after the

collapse of the Mongol Empire

Question 4

• A comparison of the reactions of Japan and China to European influence in the period 1450-1750 show that a. The Chinese persecuted Christian missionaries about the

same time that the Japanese gave them some acceptanceb. Japan saw the need or knowledge of Western

development, but China did notc. Both excluded foreigners from trading at their portsd. European philosophy was accepted, but Western

technology was note. Both tolerated European influence in their culture in

order to actively participate in global trade

Question 5

• Compared to the Spanish Empire that of the Portuguese a. Developed a more egalitarian society b. Ws more global in its extant c. Was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church d. Developed a better relationship with Indian

inhabitants e. Was more strictly controlled by the government in

Europe

Question 6

• The Mughal Empire a. Failed to ease tensions between Hindus and

Muslims in India b. Controlled the entire Indian subcontinent c. Terminated in the return of a traditional

centralized government in Indiad. Produced art and architecture that reflected

syncretism e. Placed women in a more subordinate position

than before Mughal rule

Question 7

• The Ottoman Empirea. Weakened because its technology fell behind

that of Europeb. Unlike the Mughal Empire, was not a gun-

powder empirec. Was unsuccessful in controlling European

territoryd. Reached its height around 1750e. Prohibited the use of forced labor

Question 8

• The Nation-statea. was embraced by the Ottoman Empireb. Arose in Europe because of its diversity of

cultural groupsc. Was incompatible with absolute monarchies d. Was not limited to definite borderse. Promoted harmony among Europeans

Question 9

• European exploration a. Were dependent on European technological

innovation b. Promoted harmony among the nations of Europec. Sought to break established trade monopoliesd. Concentrated on the Americase. Interfered with the growth of capitalism

Question 10

• The Columbian Exchangea. Improved the nutrition of American indigenous

peoplesb. Did not involve Africac. Drew the world’s oceans into an active trade

networkd. Produced both positive and adverse effects on

world population e. Did not affect East Asia

Question 11

• The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory on a. Indonesiab. Chinac. North Americad. East Africae. Western Africa

Question 12

• Te region with the greatest number of colonial and commercial competitors was a. The western coast of Africab. Indonesiac. The Caribbean islandsd. The Philippines e. Japan

Question 13

• The Netherlands established commercial or colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPTa. Southern Africab. South Americanc. Western Africad. North Americae. Japan

Question 14

• Which of the following regions sustained trade patterns that were the most different from the others before the eighteenth century?a. Japan b. Indonesiac. Chinad. Mughal Indiae. Russia

Question 15

• Which drop arrived in the Americas as part of the Columbian Exchange and later became a key product of the Americas?a. Tobaccob. Sugarc. Sweet potatoesd. Bananase. Manioc

Question 16

• As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750,a. The entire globe was linked by numerous active trade

routesb. European governments lost influence to the power of

the great trading companiesc. The work of African artisans found new marketsd. The Ottoman Empire strengthened its hold on

European territory e. European wealth and commercial dominance

increased

Question 17

• African Kingdoms in the period from 1450 to 1750a. Featured monarchs who ruled without advisorsb. Frequently enslaved their own people c. Like the Chinese, were not interested in

European trade goodsd. Ruled without the use of military unitse. Were involved in the slave trade before the

arrival of Europeans

Question 18

• Compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, that of eastern Africa a. Involved only European nationsb. Acquired slaves from coastal areas onlyc. Did not involve central Africad. Became a model for European slave systemse. Also involved the plantations system

Question 19

• Within Africa, the slave tradea. Increased African dependence on European

nationsb. Decreased the value of women slavesc. Had little effect on central African kingdomsd. Promoted unity among African kingdomse. Concentrated on western Africa

Question 20

• Historians searching for the earliest models of European plantation slavery would need to study a. Plantation society on Indian Ocean islandsb. The history of the Madeira and Canary islandsc. Sugar plantations in the West Indies d. Cotton plantations in British North Americae. Slavery among the Dutch in Cape Colony

Question 21

• The African slave tradea. Had no ties to Middle Eastern tradeb. Was frequently the result of African rivalriesc. Was abolished by the Dutch in southern Africad. Was limited to the Atlantic Oceane. Replaced trade in Gold and ivory

Question 22

• The trans-Atlantic slave trade a. Produced average mortality rates of over 50

percent along the Middle passageb. Carried the majority of slaves to North Americac. Increased after the establishment of sugar

plantationsd. Was separate from triangular trade patterns e. Carried more women than men

Question 23

• When the Portuguese first became involved in the Slave tradea. They were uninterested in Christianizing African

peopleb. They were interested primarily in gold and spicesc. They were amazed at the poverty of African

kingdomsd. They created the African slave tradee. They bypassed trade relations with sub-Saharan

Africa

Question 24

• Sugar Plantationsa. Were initially founded in the Caribbeanb. Required fewer slaves than the cotton and rice

fields of North America c. Were the ultimate destination of the first

Portuguese slavesd. Especially valued slaves from western Africa e. Competed with triangular trade

Question 25

• Both the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment a. Questioned political authority b. Lowered the status of womenc. Upheld church traditionsd. Relied on reason over faith e. Remained confined to Europe

Question 26

• The Protestant Reformation a. Strengthened the authority of the papacyb. Spread because of advances in Chinese and

European technology c. Became the basis of Enlightenment thoughtd. Diminished the achievement of the commercial

revolution e. Was carried by Jesuits to the Western

hemisphere

Question 27

• All of the following describe the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT that a. It emphasized the value of research b. It described the nature of the universec. Some of its beliefs were openly opposed by the

Roman Catholic Church d. It was modeled on Chinese philosophye. It believed in the overall goodness of Humanity

Question 28

• Enlightenment thought a. Resulted in harsher punishment for criminalsb. Treated children in miniature adultsc. Resembled Renaissance thoughtd. Was not embraced by the women’s movement e. Introduced economic theories that supported

mercantilism

Question 29

• The Protestant and Catholic reformations were alikea. In their attitudes toward money-makingb. In their reliance on church councilsc. In their views toward papal authority d. In their abandonment of church traditionse. In their emphasis on education

Question 30

• The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment a. Both held that reason could be used to improve

humanity b. Broke completely with classical traditionsc. Supported the ideas of the Roman Catholic

Church concerning the nature of the universed. Were global movements e. Continued medieval traditions

Question 31

• Which of the following is NOT a finding of the Scientific Revolution or the Enlightenmenta. Planetary motionb. Heliocentric theoryc. Movable typed. The circulatory systeme. The social contact

Question 32

• Which of the following concepts of the eriods 1450-1750 did NOT rely on natural laws?a. Predestinationb. Deismc. Laissez-faire philosophyd. The social contracte. The theory of gravity