PERIODIC TABLE

Sam AmbeDylan Frost

Cody McAdory

Alkali Metals Atomic structures:

Lithium: 3 electrons, 3 protons Sodium: 11 electrons, 11 protons Potassium: 19 electrons, 19 protons

Specifics Lithium: Discovered in 1817 by Johan

Arfwedson Cesium: Discovered in 1860 by Robert

Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff Francium: Discovered in 1925 by D. K.

Dobroserlov

PicturesSodium

Potassium

Rubidium

Found In Nature? Francium: is found in trace amounts of

uranium and thorium minerals. Lithium: is found in trace amount in

many plants like plankton and invertebrates

Potassium: is found in sea water and the earths crust

Octet Rule Alkali metals have one dot and want to

loose electrons

Ions Lithium: Li+1 Potassium: K+1 Sodium: Na+1

Transition Metals Atomic structures

Scandium: 21 Electrons, 21 Protons Titanium: 22 electrons, 22 protons Vanadium: 23 electrons, 23

Specifics Cadmium was discovered in 1817 by

Friedrich Stromeyer Technetium was discovered December

1936 by Carlo Perrier and Emillio Segre Osmium was discovered in 1803 by

Smithson Tennant and William Hyde Wollaston

Pictures Copper

Nickel

Mercury

Found in Nature? Gold is mined for in nature Manganese makes up a large portion of

the earths crust and can be found very easily

Ruthenium was found in 1808 used to harden platinum also in eye treatments

Octet Rule Transition Metals will gain or loose

electrons depending on how many electrons they already have

Ions Scandium: Sc+3 Titanium: Ti+3,4 Chromium: Cr+2,3,6

Inner Transition Metals Atomic structures

Lanthanum: 57 electrons, 57 protonsThulium: 69 electrons, 69 protonsTerbium: 65 electrons, 65 protons

Specifics Protactinium: discovered by Kasimir

Fajans and O.H. Göhring in 1913 Nobelium: discovered by A.Ghiorso,

T.Sikkeland, J.R. Walton and G.T. seaborg in 1958

Americium: discovered by Glen T. Seaborg, R. A. James, L. O. Morgan, A. Ghiorso in 1944

Pictures

Curium

Einsteinium Berkelium

Found in Nature? Praseodymium: is found in bastnasite

ores and is used for coloring glass Plutonium: found in some uranium

mines and is used for nuclear bombs and reactors

Dysprosium: found usually found with erbium and other rare earth minerals used as control rods for nuclear reactors

Octet Rule Inner transition metals have will gain or

loose electrons depending on how many electrons they have

Ions Cerium: Ce+3,4 Praseodymium: Pr+3,4 Promethium: Pm+3

METALLOIDS • Atomic Structures

-Boron: 5 electrons, 5 protons -Silicon: 14 electrons, 14 protons -Arsenic: 33 electrons, 33 protons

Specifics • Boron was discovered by J. Gay-Lussac and

L. Thernard on June 30, 1808. Boron is used in glass and ceramics.

• Silicon was discovered by J. Berzelius in 1824 and it used to strengthen metal & electrics.

• Germanium was discovered by Clemens A Winkler in 1886. It is used as a semi-conductor and lenses.

Representations

Sources Boron is found in the earths crust and

sea water. It can obtained from kernite. Tellurium is found in sea water and the

earths atmosphere. Obtained through mining copper and lead.

Astatine is not found in nature, the only way to get it is through bombarding bismuth with alpha particles.

Octet Rule and Ions They have 3 to 6 dots and they are

different for all off them do to the staircase.

They do not form ions.

Halogens Atomic Structures - Fluorine: 9 electrons, 9 protons - Chlorine: 17 electrons, 17 protons - Bromine: 35 electrons, 35 electrons

Specifics Fluorine was discovered by Henri Moissan in

1886. Fluorine is used to refrigerate and also in tooth paste.

Chlorine was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. It is used in water purification and bleaches.

Iodine was discovered by Bernard Courtois in 1811. It is used as an antiseptic, dyes, pharmaceuticals, catalysts and photography.

Representations Fluorine

Bromine

Iodine

Sources Fluorine is found in minerals like fluorite

and cryolite. Chlorine is found mostly in salt. Iodine is found in land and in the sea in

sodium and potassium compounds.

Octet Rule and Ions Halogens have 7 dots and they want to

gain one more to get to 8 dots. Yes, they form anions and there charge

is negative.