Periodic Table: Element Families

You will be able to explain and understand how the Periodic table

is designed

Atomic Structure

Recall- What is an element?Element is the purest form of matter that has its own unique properties and designAtomic structure of each element is different because each element has its own unique ATOMIC NUMBER (protons and electrons)

Atomic Design

However, some elements do share some things in common based off their design: specifically based upon their outer-most electron shell configuration

Look closely at H, Li, Na what do they share?

1 electron in the outer shell

Look closely at He, Ne, Ar, what do they share?

Full outer shell of electrons

What you see scientists refer to an element family

Element family-elements who share the same outer shell electron dot configuration or VALANCE ELECTRONS ARE IDENTICLE!

How is knowing a family helpful?

They react similarly with the same componentsThe further down the family the more reactive the element for electron donors (+ oxidation elements)This is because the nucleus has less control over the electronsAlkali Family video (+1 group)

The more reactive electron recipients are located in upper portion of families ( - oxidation elements)

The Periodic table has 8 elemental families

Fam. 1 = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr (+1) (Alkali Metals)Fam 2 = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra (+2) (Alkaline Earth Metals)Fam 3 = B, Al, Ga, In, Ti (+3) Fam 4 = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb (+ 4) Fam 5 = N, P, As, Sb, Bi (-3) Fam 6 = O, S, Se, Te, Po  (-2)Fam 7 = F, Cl, Br, I, At (-1) (Halogen Family) Fam 8 = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn (0) (noble gases /inert; do not react)

+1 +2 +3 + 4 -3 -2 -1 0

Octet Rule

Elements react because all elements wish to obtain full outside shell of electrons to be stable

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass cant be created or destroyed

Which means that the mass of the reactants before a reaction equals the mass of the products after the reaction!