0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

Li3

Be4

Na11

Mg12

K19

Ca20

Rb37

Sr38

Cs55

Ba56

Fr87

Ra88

H

IA

IIA

1

2

La57

Lu71

Ce58

Pr59

Nd60 61

Sm62

Eu63

Gd64

Tb65

Dy66

Ho67

Er68

Tm69

Yb70

Ac89

Th90

Pa91

U92 10393 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Sc21

Y39

IIIB3

1.0079 4.0026

2

107

1817

98

36

54

86

6

C6.941 9.0122 20.18014.007 18.99815.99912.01110.811

B5

Al13

Si14

P15

22.990 24.305 39.94835.45326.982 28.086 30.974 32.065

S16

Ti22

V23

Cr24

Mn25

Fe26

Co27

Ni28

Cu29

Zn30

Ga31

Ge32

As33

Se34

39.098 40.078 44.956 83.79847.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.64 74.922 78.96 79.904

35

Zr40

Nb41

Mo42

Hf72

Ta73

W74

43

I53

Ru44

Rh45

Pd46

Ag47

Cd48

Re75

Os76

Ir77

Pt78

Au79

Tl81

Pb82

Bi83

Po84

At85

In49

Sn50

Sb51

85.468 87.62 88.906 131.2991.224 92.906 95.96 (98) 126.90101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60

Te52

He

NeN

ArCl

FO

Kr

Xe

Rn

Br

IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB

IVA VA VIA VIIA

VIIIB

VIIIA

54

13 14 15 16 17

18

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

IIIA

107104 105 108 109

132.91 137.33 138.91 174.97140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 (222)178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210)200.59

Hg80

106 110

(223) (226) (227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 (262)(237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (272)(267) (268) (277) (276)(271) (281) (280)

111

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112 118113 114 115 116 117

Pm

LrNp Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Tc

BhRf Db Hs MtSg Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og(294)(291) (294)(287) (289)(285)

© 2017 Eni Generalić

1

1.0079

1

H

IA1

Pm

LrNp Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Tc

BhRf Db Hs MtSg Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

NeHg

FeTcTc

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Absolute zero ........................ -273.15 °C

Avogadro constant ................23 -1

6.022 140 857·10 mol

Base of natural logarithms ..... 2.718 281 828...

Elementary charge ................-19

1.602 176 6208·10 C

Electronvolt ...........................-19

1.602 176 6208·10 J

Faraday constant ...................-1

96 485.332 89 C mol

Constant of gravitation ..........-11 2 -2

6.674 08·10 N m k g

Molar gas constant ................-1 -1

8.314 4598 J mol K

Molar volume of ideal gas .......3 -1

0.022 710 947 m mol

Standard pressure ................. 101 325 Pa

Pi ........................................... 3.141 592 653 589 793...

Planck constants ...................-34

6.626 070 040·10 J s

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

PERIOD

ATOMIC NUMBER SYMBOL

RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS

GROUP (IUPAC 1985) GROUP (CAS 1986)

Metal

Alkali metal

Alkaline earth metal

Transition metals

Lanthanide

Actinide

Chalcogens element

Halogens element

Noble gas

Semimetal Nonmetal

- gas

- liquid

- solid

- synthetic

STANDARD STATE (25 °C; 101 kPa)

1. Write a sceleton equation2. Separate the redox reaction into half-reactions

a) Assign oxidation numbers for each atomb) Identify and write out all redox couples in reactionc) Combine these redox couples into two half-reactions

3. Balance the atoms in each half reaction

4. Balance the charge with -e

a) Balance all other atoms except H and Ob) Balance the oxygen atoms with H O2

c) Balance the hydrogen atoms with +Hd) In a basic medium, add one to each side for every ion- +OH H

5. Make electron gain equivalent to electron loss in the half-reactions6. Add the half-reactions together

7. Simplify the equationFinally, check that the elements and charges are balanced

GUIDELINES FOR BALANCING REDOX EQUATIONS

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