Periods of HistoryB.C.B.C.E.C.E.A.D.Broad periods

PrehistoryAncient historyMiddle AgesModern history

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Broad periods of historyPrehistory

time before written languageAncient history

roughly 4000 years between written language and the fall of Roman EmpireMiddle Ages

500 AD – 1500 Modern history

1500 to present

Paleolithic age Neolithic age

Cultural elements:What is present in every culture

ShelterFood/Clothing

EconomicsGovernment

ReligionArt

Family / society

Characteristics of the Paleolithic / Old Stone Age

Yes or No?fire

spoken languagewritten language

clothing

Life in Paleolithic times:How did they get their food?

Hunting and gatheringNomadic people

What started the Neolithic Age?Neolithic revolution:

Farming and domestication of animalsPeople settled in villages.

Effects of Neolithic Revolution

Permanent homesVillagesAgricultural surplusTradeSpecialization

of labor

Cultural civilization

Shelter citiesFood agricultural surplusGovernment organized governmentReligion complex religionEconomics writing

specialization of laborArt monumental architectureFamily, society social classes

What is significant about the river valleys?

Floods > fertile soilWater for irrigation > agricultural surplusMeans of transportation > tradeOpportunities for jobs > specialization of labor

Significance of agricultural surplus:Bigger populationMore timeAbility to stay in one place

Why did governments first develop?

Protect food supplies

Food to people in cities

Organize workers for big projects

MesopotamiaHow did geography affect civilization?

Tigris and Euphrates

Unpredictable floods

open plains; not many mountains

Fertile Crescent

Cuneiform

first form written language

used to keep records

Hammurabi’s codeCharacteristics

written downreflect what was right and wrongspells out crime and punishmentjudges could not change the lawsdifferent punishments for different

classes of people

Mesopotamiareligion/architecturelegacies

wheel, plow, languagesailboat, written law codes

EgyptGift of the Nile? (24)How did Nile protect and make

civilization in Egypt possible? (25)How did geography make civilization

possible? (31)

PapyrusPyramidsMummification

why was embalming beneficial?

China

Who? What? Why?

King Tut

Hatshepsut

Rosetta Stone

Indus Valley

Also known as Harrapan

MonsoonsSeasonal winds – helped farming

Add to the list of key terms:

primary source – object/person from a specific time periodsecondary source – source of info based on primary sourcesirrigation – to bring water to cropsArtisan – skilled worker; skilled with handsHereditary – given from one generation to anotherScribe – someone who reads and writesArtifact – an object that provides informationSpecialization – very skilled in one job or tradePolytheistic – belief in many godsMonotheistic – belief in one godSurplus – more than enough

Ancient ChinaHow did geography positively affect the Chinese civilization?

Mountains kept out invaders – stable, isolatedNegative effect –

limited farmland; terraces necessaryOf four social classes, which is poorest?

farmersOf four social classes, which is least respected?

merchants

What did govt workers need to know during the Han dynasty? Why?

What was the Silk Road?

Mandate of HeavenConfucianismDaoismLegalismCivil service examsFilial pietySilk RoadGreat Wall Terra Cotta Soldiers

Ancient GreeceHow did geography affect the civilization of Greece

isolated city states; not a central gov’tconflicts over farmlandtrade by sea; expand with colonies

Why did Greece not develop a strong central govt?

Polis – the Greek word for cityDark Age – no culture, literature, agri surplus, tradePolitical involvement:

who was a citizen?who had political rights? (vote)

Famous GreeksSocrates – socratic method/questionsHippocrates – “father of medicine” Pythagorus, Euclid – math conceptsAristotle – great teacher; classified knowledge

What are differences amongmonarachyoligarchytyrannydemocracy

Difference between direct democracy and representative democracy?

Pelopponesian War betweenAthens and Sparta

Alexander the Great?Macedonian king; conquered huge empire

Pelopponesian war weakened Greece so Alexander could take Greece

Roman civilization

2 social classes? Characteristics?Patricians – upper class/wealthyPlebeians – common people

Both had the right to vote, pay taxes

Plebeians could nothold officemarry patricians

12 Tables

Law written on 12 plaquesAll could readApplied to allBasis for American law

Tripartite Govtconsuls, senate, assembly

Consuls - lead govt, lead armySenate –make laws, decisions on moneyAssembly – watch out for rights of commoners

Punic wars – Rome vs. ____________Result – domination of western MediterraneanJulius Caesar = great consul

reforms to help the poorOctavian = Augustus Caesar = first emperor

Romans were builders.practical problem solvers

Inventions –aqueductvaultdomeconcrete

Reasons for the rise of the empireReasons for the fallLast emperor thrown off throne – 476 A.D.