Persia and Greece SOL Review #4

Part 1: Persia Empire Map (500 BC – 300 BC)

Part 1: Persia1. The Persian Empire showed ________________ of the

people they conquered.TOLERANCE

2. Define: Tolerance RESPECT OF CONQUERED PEOPLES RELIGION AND

CUSTOMS3. Cyrus the Great developed an imperial bureaucracy in order to government his __________.

EMPIRE

Part 1: Persia4. The Persians constructed a ________ system in order to connect their vast empire. ROAD (ROYAL ROAD)5. The religion of Persia was _________________ , which believed in two opposing forces in the universe.

ZOROASTRIANISM

PERSIAN EMPIRE ROYAL ROAD

Part 2: Greece (800 BC – 300 BC)

Part 2: Greece (800 BC – 300 BC)1. What terrain helped and hindered city-state development? MOUNTAINS2. Due to limited arable ____________, Greeks looked to the _________ for their livelihood. LAND SEA3. First major civilization to switch from barter to money ( ______ economy)

USE OF COIN

Part 2: Greece4. All Greek city-states had ________________, although selling oneself into it was eventually outlawed in Athens. SLAVERY 5. Greeks were _______________________ in their religious beliefs. POLYTHEISTIC 6. What did the Greeks use religion to explain?

a. To explain NATUREb. To explain HUMANS (WHY THEY GET UPSET)c. To obtain certain benefits in the present.

Part 2: Greece7. Who was king of the Greek gods? ZEUS8. Who was queen of the Greek gods and the goddess of marriage? HERA9. Who was the goddess of wisdom?

ATHENA

Part 2: Greece10. Who was the god of music? APOLLO11. Who was the goddess of the hunt? ARTEMIS12. Who was the goddess of love?

APHRODITE

Part 2: Greece13. Citizens (_____________ adult ____________) had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation. ____________ & ________________ had no political rights.

FREE ADULT MALESWOMEN & SLAVES

Part 2: Greece14. Athens was ruled by a _________________ (king), _____________ (elite), ___________ (ruler who takes power by force), then a _________ (people rule).

- MONARCHY- ARISTOCRACY- TYRANT (TYRANNY)- REPUBLIC (DEMOCRACY)

Part 2: Greece15. Which tyrant created Athens’ first written code of law? Today we call a harsh law __________________.

DRACO DRACONIAN

16. Which tyrant banned selling oneself into slavery to pay off a debt?

SOLON

Part 2: Greece17. A ________________________ is a government by the people.

DEMOCRACY18. A __________________ democracy is when all citizens participate directly in making decisions. DIRECT19. The United States today uses a _______________ Democracy in which citizens elect representatives to govern for them.

REPRESENTATIVE

Part 2: Greece20. In order to control the large slave population what did the Spartans create?

STRONG MILITARY STATE21. A government run by a small group of people, like in Sparta, is called an _____________________. OLIGARCHY 22. Sparta created a rigid social structure in their city-state. At the top were the _____________, who had all political power. At the bottom were the _____________, or slaves.

CITIZENSHELOTS

Part 2: Greece23. The Persian Wars (499-449 B.C.)

a. Persian wars united ATHENS and SPARTA against the Persian Empire.b. Athenian victories over the Persians at MARATHON and SALAMIS left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea.c. ATHENS preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.

Part 2: Greece24. The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)

- Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world- ATHENS and the Delian League v. SPARTA and the Peloponnesian League.- Resulted in the slowing of CULTURAL advance and the weakening of POLTICAL power.

Part 2: Greece25. Golden Age of Pericles in Athens (mostly occurring between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars)

a. Pericles extended DEMOCRACY; most adult males had equal voice.b. Pericles had ATHENS rebuilt after destruction in Persian Wars; the PARTHENON (built for the goddess Athena) is an example of this reconstruction.

The Parthenon (Athena)

Part 2: Greece26. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization

a. DRAMA: Aeschylus, Sophoclesb Poetry: HOMER (Iliad and Odyssey)c. HISTORY: Herodotus, Thucydidesd. SCULPTURE: Phidias

Part 2: Greece26. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization

e. Architecture: Types of columns included DORIC (Parthenon), IONIAN, and CORINTHIAN.f. SCIENCE: Archimedes, Hippocratesg. MATHEMATICS: Euclid, Pythagorash. PHILOSOPHY: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Part 2: Greece27. The _____________ conquest of Greece followed the

weakening of Greek during the Peloponnesian Wars.MACEDONIAN

28. _____________ the Great adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout his vast empire.

ALEXANDER 29. _________ II, King of Macedon, conquered most of ____________.

PHILLIP GREECE

Macedonia & Greece

Part 2: Greece30. Alexander the Great established an empire from Greece to_________ in the south and the margins of ________. He also extended ___________ cultural influence throughout his empire.

EGYPT INDIAGREEK

Part 2: Greece – ALEXANDER THE GREAT

Part 2: Greece31. The Hellenistic Age under Alexander the Great was a blend of ____________ and oriental elements. He took the best of all the cultures he conquered with Greek culture and spread it throughout his empire.

GREEK

HOMEWORK

• MATCHING 5, 8 (PERSIA & GREECE) WORKSHEETS