Personal Money Management

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What Is Money?

Money allows businesses to operate and consumers to buy products and services that meet their needs and wants.

Forms of Legal TenderCoins and paper money are classified as legal tender by the government of Canada and must be accepted as payment for goods and services.

Coins are minted and bank notes are issued as paper money.

New Canadian Bank NotesSince 2001, the Bank of Canada has been updating bank notes with sophisticated security features. Canada’s culture, the queen and prime ministers are depicted on bank notes.

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What Is Income?

Income is money that an individual or business receives from sources, such as wages or sales, interest, and dividends. Closely related to income is the need for a financial plan that looks at how to make money grow.

Types of Personal IncomeForms of Employment Income

Employees Benefits Other sources of income can include dividends, allowance, interest, gifts,part-time jobs, and inheritance.

• salary• wages• commission

• piecework• profit sharing

•medical insurance•paid sick days

•paid holidays•drug and dental plans

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What Is Income?

Gross income is the total amount of money received by a person before any deductions.

Net income, or take-home-pay, is the amount of income that is left after deductions of income tax, Canada Pension Plan (CPP), and Employment Insurance (EI).

Discretionary income is the amount of money that is left over after all necessities have been paid. Necessities consist of rent or mortgage, food, transportation, insurance, electricity, and so on.

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Managing Money for Personal Use

Why We BuyConsumers choose among marketplace alternatives. Five key factors that influence consumer buying decisions include

1. income and price2. status3. current trends4. custom and habits 5. promotion

Money management is the daily financial activities aimed at satisfying a person’s needs and wants within a limited income. Individuals need to carefully plan, save, and spend their money to get the most out of it.

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Spending Money

Today’s society is known as a consumer-driven one. This means that the economy offers consumers a never ending supply of exciting and innovative goods and services. Comparison ShoppingComparing price, quality, features, and services helps consumers make smart purchases.

Comparing Price and QualityComparison shopping means selecting the least expensive product or service that best meets the consumer’s needs and wants.

FeaturesThe features of goods and services are often the most important requirements for consumers when they purchase these items.

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Spending Money

ServicesRetail stores often offer services that complement their merchandise. Some of these are free delivery for large purchases or warranties on these items. Warranties are usually written promises that products comply to high standards.

Planning and ComparingPrices and features of products or services can be compared using catalogues, newspapers, calling stores, or Internet searches.

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When to Buy

When planning a purchase, consider clearance and promotional sales as well as second-hand shopping. Consumers need to consider doing some comparison shopping for the same or similar product at other stores.

Clearance SalesRetailers often have clearance (end-of-season) sales where seasonal goods are sold below the regular price to clear out old stock and to make room for new items.

Promotional SalesPromotional sales happen when goods are sold below regular price to build acceptance for new products or to publicize store openings. These sales can create opportunities to sell future non-promoted products to consumers.

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When to Buy

Second-hand ShoppingSecond-hand shopping involves the purchasing of goods that have been previously owned by someone else. Buying such merchandise supports the three Rs of waste management—reduce, reuse, and recycle.

Avoid Impulse BuyingImpulse buying is purchasing items on the spur of the moment without considering whether they are needed or wanted. Ways to avoid impulse buying include taking your time, visiting many stores, checking the Internet, seeking out the best value, and, most importantly, not rushing.

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Budgeting

A budget is a plan for smart spending and savings based on one’s income and expenses.

Personal BudgetingPersonal budgets can be kept daily, weekly, and even monthly. Many people avoid budgeting because they believe that it is too difficult, or it will limit their enjoyment of life. However, learning to budget can actually help them find money for the things they really want or need.

Setting Personal GoalsSetting up a personal financial plan requires establishing realistic and achievable short- and long-term goals. Most people need to set aside specific minimum monthly amounts to achieve long-term financial goals.

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Budgeting Preparing a Personal Budget

Step 3: Calculate amount left over.

Estimate variable expenses that change monthly.

Include regularly occurring fixed expenses.

Step 2: Calculate expenses.

Step 1: Calculate the amount of expected income.

How to start a budget

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Minimum Wage

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Min Wage Tax home before CCP And EI

Average Work week 37

Number of weeks in a year 52

Less: Two weeks unpaid vacation 2

Total number of weeks worked 50

Total number of hours per year 1850

Min Wage NB $10.00

Annual Income $18,500.00

NB Tax Rate 24.10%

Less NB and Federal Income Tax $4,458.50

CCP 4.95% Max 2356.20

Less CCP $915.75

EI 1.88% Max Federal 891.12

Less EI $347.80

Total Take home $12,777.95

Your monthly take home pay would be: $1,064.83

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