Personality Development Complete

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PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT

Prepared

by:


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Personality DevelopmentWhat is it?

Personality

came to a Greek term

persona which means mask(a

mask is commonly known by

humans as a device used to

disguise themselves formanybody whenever and wherever

they go).

the sum of such characteristics

as they impress or tend to impress

others.it is an excellent or distinctive

trait of character, sociability etc.

Development

the act of developing or the

state or condition of beingdeveloped.

a progressive changes, which

occur as a result of maturation

and experience

Personality Development -refers to sequential changes in the

different aspects of personality, namely: physical, intellectual,

character, temperament or emotional, social and spiritual aspects ofman.


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Relations Between Personality

Development and Human Relations

In the real world, personality development and human

relations always go hand-in-hand. The development of

onespersonality can affect onessocial relations.

Human beings have complexities merely that knowing

intrapersonal development is not enough. Understanding

it at the same time could even give you headache. To

fully understand the complexities surrounding the natureof man, one needs a thorough and close study of how

human beings interact with the society they live in. thus,

the study of personality development comes in context

with society and its component.


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Myths About Personality

1.Personality is nothing but

physical appearance

This is one type of myth

where the opinion of one personis based on another ones

physical appearance.

2. Personality is nothing but

intellectual prowess

This is one type of myth

where the false opinion of one

person is limited to another

onesintellectual abilities.

3. Personality is nothing butpseudo science

This one type of myth wherethe unproven belief of oneperson is attributed to a lot of

pseudo science(PseudoScience is also known as Para-science which uses a method to

judge ones personality).

a.Phrenology- This type of pseudoscience explains that the shape

of ones skull reveals onespersonality.

b.Graphology - This is a type ofpseudo science that explainshow the lines criss-crossing

ones hands reflect onespersonality.


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c.Astrology- This is a type of pseudo science that explains how the

location and pattern of heavenly bodies shape ones personality.

d.Physiognomy - This is a type of pseudo science that explains how

the structure and expression on ones physique reveals his/herpersonality

e.Numerology- This type of pseudo science explains that the numberspertaining to onesbirth date have a bearing on onespersonality.

It is already a widely-known fact that personality is composed ofmany aspects. However, prevent as we may, there are still instancesthat we made wrong opinions towards otherspersonality, and theseopinions are what we call myths. Mythis unprov en or false belief.


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Psychodynamics of Personality

Psychodynamics of Personality

is composed of the Id, Ego,

and Superego which tackle the

individuals inner motivation and

why they are acting in such a

manner

a.Id- The most primitive among

the three forces. Also known as

the pleasure principle. It

always seeks for the satisfactionof onesdesires and urges in life

while disregarding the reality

needs of the individual.

b.Ego - Dominated by socialnorms and environmentalstandards. Also known as thereality principle. The individualgoverned by this principle is moreapt to good manners and rightconduct to go along with thedemands of the society.

c.Superego - The third psychicforce and known to be onesconscience. Also known as themoral principle. A person who is

dominated by this principle ismore rationalized by what is rightand what is wrong, and those ofparental prohibitions, sanctionsand moral concepts.


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ObjectivesofPersonalityEnhancement

The enhancement of our personality greatly depends on our ability to

make ourselves beautiful in the eyes of the people around us.

Needless to say, the seasonality of an individual is on his own doing.

Whatever the person is right now, is what he made for himself.

The following are some of the objectives of human on why they aretrying to enhance their personality:

1. Social AcceptanceIt is everyoneswish to be treated in accordancewith who they are at present. The reason that people try to modify theirpersonality is for them to gain more friends.

2. Social-Satisfaction It is ones desire to feel contented with oneself.People who are contented with themselves are more positive andfriendly in dealing with others.

3. Self-Confidence It is the ability of a person to deal with anybody ondifferent situations without hesitation. This is one positive attitude that a

person fosters when he is with somebody.


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Agents in Developing

Personality

1. Family - This basic unit ofsociety is also the basic foundationof personality development. This iswhere all the firsts of a particular

individual evolve. A child learnseverything that he/she needs tolearn before facing the harshness ofreality outside the safety of home.

2. School - This is formalized agentof personality development which

seeks obedience from its membersfor individuals to achieve their goalof developing humans that possessa socially-approved knowledge,skills, values, attitudes andgeneralorientations of the society.

3. ChurchThis is a differentformalized agent of personalityformation where the rulesstipulated are not made byhumans but by Divine Providencewithin which people are expectedto abide.

4. Peer GroupThis is a type ofagent in the formation ofpersonality where no specific rulesare laid for the so-calledenjoyment of its members.

5. Mass MediaThis is anotherinfluential agent in the formation ofones personality through the useof some devices such astelevision, radio etc. whatever thewidely accepted by knownpersonalities in the media, theperson influenced by this agentwill imitate.


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Aspects

of

Personality

CHAPTER 2


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Physical and Intellectual Aspect

Physical Aspect

(also known as biological orphysio log ica l aspect) iscomposed of all the externalattributes of an individual suchas hair, skin, eyes, nose, mouth,ears, height, and others that theparents can genetically transmitto their children.

Hereditywhich is known asthe transmission of geneticcharacteristics of parents tooffspring, greatly contributes toonesphysiological attribute.

Intellectual Aspect

(also known as cogni t ive or

psychologica l aspect)

describes ones ability to

express himself with his wide

range of ideas, values andalertness to everything that

surrounds him.

Heredity also allows for the

genetic transmission of the

parents intellect to their children.This aspect of heredity focuses

on the individuals mental

capacity or Intelligence Quotient

(IQ)


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Moral and Temperamental

Aspect

Moral Aspect

Focuses on the knowledge of

what is right and what is wrong. Anindividual does not inherit character

soon after he/she is born. Character

is developed as soon as an

individual acquires the ability to

grasp concepts or standards of

good manners and right conduct.

Temperamental Aspect

(also known as emotional

aspect) explains ones

sentiments or feelings towards

something or someone on a

given situation or instances.

Children do inherit some of their

parents emotions but does not

necessarily express the same

emotions the way their parentsdo.


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Social and Spiritual Aspect

Social Aspect

seen primarily on the extent of a certain individual to deal with

other people around them by observing the protocol of human

relations. Or the so-called social etiquette. That is greatly affected by

his enhanced physiological state, intellectual keenness, emotionalmaturity and faith. When properly developed, this aspect could result

to a more socially flexible person who is prepared to meet the various

situations in life.

Spiritual Aspect

This aspect is further developed in the environment through

religious affiliations and practices that molds an individual. It is about

the belief of people in worshipping a Divine Being. It holds that there

is a Divine Power that sees all undertakings here on earth.


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Theories

of

PersonalityDevelopment

CHAPTER 3


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Stages of Development Types

Quantitative Development

Comes from the Latin word

quantus which means how

large.This type of

development involvesquantity or numbers which to

refer to age(a series of

numbers that pertains to how

old a certain individual is from

the time they were conceivein the womb to the time of

senescence).

Is a stage of chronological

development of humans that

involves numbers.

Qualitative Development

Comes from the Latin word

qualis which means such a

kind. It pertains to ones maturity.This type of development

involves the level of maturity of

an individual in terms of

cognition, moral reasoning,

psychosocial, and psychosexualdevelopment.

It is the weight of maturity of a

person in all the aspects of

personality.


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Quantitative Stages of

Development

Physiological Stages of Development

1. Beginning of Life - Life begins as soon as male sex cell, spermatozoa,which are produced by the testes and a female sex cell, the ova, whichare produced by the ovaries unite.

2. Babyhood - it is the beginning or the early period of existence asindividual. This stage usually covers the first two years of ones life.

--Infancyis known as the time of true foundation of age. It is knownto be the most critical phase of developing personality because this is thetime when the child learns a lot, acquire skills, and develop emotions.

3. Childhood - this is the stage where a lot of people think that childhood is

the longest among all the stages of development. It is a time when achild is considered helpless and dependent on others.

--Ear ly Chi ldhoo d in this stage the child is 3-6 years old. The childhas somehow developed his/her personality and unconsciously acquiresmore through the help of those people with whom he/she shows someinterests.


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--Late Chi ldhood the childs age range from 7-13 years old. Thisstage of development shows the kids in earnest interests with their peers.

4. Adolescence - This stage starts at a time a person reaches the age of 14-17. This stage is considered as a transitional stage where a person

becomes physically, emotionally, and psychologically mature yetimmature still in a lot of ways. This is known to be a problem age whereadolescents are too eager to improve their personalities in the hope ofadvancing their status in the social group they belong and a time foridentity confusion.

5. Adulthood - This is the longest stage among all the stages. It is composed

of 3 stages:--Ear ly Adul thoo d this stage extends from the time a person enters

the age of 18-40. this is the stage where people settle down andreproduce. This often entails a lot of vocational and family pressures onthe individual resulting to a restriction on them to stay at work and with theirfamily members thus providing a lesser social activities.

--Middle Age this stage extends from the time a person reaches theage of 41-49. This is a very critical stage to self-evaluation whereby peoplerealize their achievement and boredom.

--Senescent this stage covers the time a person reaches the age ofsixty to death. This is where physiological and psychological changes lead topoor adjustments and unhappiness resulting to disengagement in social

gatherings.


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Qualitative Stages of

Development

Jean Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development1. Sensorimotor Stage - This stage starts from birth to 2ndyear of anindividuals life. This is the stage where an infants medium oflearning is through senses, such as what the baby sees, hears,feels, smells, and tastes. The muscle coordination of the

babies also develop.2. Preoperational Stage - This stage covers 2nd- 7thyear of ones lifespan.The children get increased intellectual abilities and motor coordination.They acquire the capacity to reason out and see the relationship of thethings around them.

3. Concrete Operational Stage - This stage covers 7-11 years. This is the time

where learning widens, children start to enter school and ambiguous ortenuous concepts during childhood become specific and concrete.

4. Formal Operational Stage - The individual is at this stage when he/shereaches the age ranging from eleven to the time before death. This iswhere people have reached the stage of intellectual development wherethey are fully capable to solve certain problems and can reason on thebasis of hypothesis or propositions.


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Lawrence Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Reasoning

1. Preconventional Morality- Moral development at this level is very low since children atthis phase are not yet fully developed when it comes to their intellectual abilities.Their limited intellectual abilities leads them to confusion in grasping abstractprinciples of right and wrong.

--Punishment Stage the child is bound by obedience and punishmentorientation where they judge actions as right or wrong in terms of thepunishment they will get if they dont obey.

--Reward Orientat ion the children obey rules to get rewards.

2. Conventional Morality-This level is also known as the morality of conventional rulesand conformity .

--The Good boy/Good g i r l Or ientat ion children conform to rules just to win theapproval of others and maintain harmonious relationship.

--The Autho r i ty Or ientation children conform to laws set by the authoritiesbecause they are socially accepted and followed to avoid social disapprovaland censure.

3. Postconventional Morality- The third level of moral development where an individual

establishes self-imposed principles.--Social Control Orientat ion the individual believes that there should be flexible

moral beliefs which one can modify to work harmoniously with other group memberswhose sense of morality is opposite his/hers.

--Ethical Prin ciple Orientat ion individuals try to internalize ideals in order toavoid self- condemnation rather than social censure by conforming to sociallyaccepted standards. Known as the stage of respect for others over personal

desires.


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Eric Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development

He once stated that Childhood is the scene of mans beginning as man,

the place where our particular virtues and vices slowly but clearly develop

and make themselves felt. With this he means that the manner by which

the child is brought up during his childhood years determines what he willbecome in the future.

As the child grows, his environment widens. The wide environment entails a lot of

virtues to keep him going. Whatever quality he have acquired at home will eventually

be revealed when he faces the world outside.

In the latter part of childhood, he begins to search for his identity. As explained by

Erickson Identity means a sense of being able to function as a separate person but

with a close relationship to others.

When early adulthood sets in, intimacy or isolation begins where man and

woman feel the need for a companion or someone to be with. This is the stage when

adults establish warm, intimate relationship with others, and make better personal

and social adjustment.

By the time an individual reaches middle age, which is known as the time of

achievement, he said that people would either enter generativity(tendency to

produce) or stagnation(tendency to stand still). People will either continue to work

and produce more achievement or stay where they are and accomplish nothing.

Whatever an individual learn during his middle age, she will bring until old age for

the lessons become the guiding virtue to whether a person will exude respect and

integrity or despair and regret in old age.


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Sigmund Freuds Psychosexual Stages of Development

1. Oral Phase - This is the first stage of psychosexual development. It describesthe childs development during the first 18 months of life. It is called oralphase as it describes that an infants pleasure centers in the mouth.

2. Anal Phase - The next stage is centered around the rectum, but can alsoinclude bladder function. This phase usually covers one year to three years ofage. In this stage, children learn to control the expulsion of waste causingtheir sexual desire to become focused in this area.

-- a child with Expuls ive Character does the malicious excretion either justbefore he is place on the toilet or jest after he is removed form the toilet.

-- a child who has a Retentive Character takes pleasure in holding in thefeces in spite of his parents training.

3. Phallic Phase - at 3-6 years of age, the sexual energy shifts from the analregion to the genital region. At this phase, the Oedipus or Electra complexdevelops. The Oedipus complex is the central psychoanalytical dynamic inthis period for men; the Electra complex for women.

4. Latency Phase - This period begins when the child reaches the age of 6 andends with puberty starts. The child begins to make connections to siblings,

other children, and adults. This phase is typified by a solidifying of the habitsthat the child developed in the earlier stages.

5. Genital Phaseonce puberty starts, the genital stage commences,allowing the child to develop opposite sex relationships with thelibidinal energy again focused on the genital area. According to Freud,if any of the stages are fixated on, there is not enough libidinal energyfor this stage to develop untroubled.


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Physical Aspect:

An Analysis

CHAPTER 4


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Visual Poise and Figure Control

Visual Poise -a person whoexudes confidence moves withso much ease and grace.

1. Standing - The graceful way ofstanding, most especially for ladies,is achieved through the basic footposition or the basic hesitationposition because it relaxes the legs.

2. Walking - Do not forget to maintainproper body alignment when youstart to walk and always step offwith your front or show foot.

3. Sitting -Always sit and rise withthe help of your thigh muscles.

Figure Control

Understanding you r body.

To bear with good posture, one

must first understand his bodyand how it is formed. If an

individual knows his body

mechanisms, the task of each

muscle and how his body

generally works, he will know

what will happen if any of the

body part does not perform

properly


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Types of Muscles and Types of Posture

Problems

Types of Muscles

1. Striated Muscles - these muscles arecalled as such because of its striped-liked feature. These voluntary musclesprimarily work for the skeletal system,that is why they are also known asskeletal muscles.

2. Smooth Muscles - These muscles areknown for its fairly smooth surfacedfeature. These involuntary musclesprimarily work for the internal organsof the body.

3. Cardiac Musclesthey are calledcardiac muscles because theirprimordial responsibility is onlyintended for the heart. This muscleshas the strongest quality of musclesbecause it contracts more slowly butits response lasts relatively longer.

Types of Posture Problems

1. Kyphosis - a posture problem

showing symptoms such as head

thrusting forward and shoulders

drooping or hunched forward.

2. Lordosisa posture problemshowing symptoms such as

stomach protruding and buttocks

protruding in back, like a back

porch

3. Scoliosis and Buttocks Protrudingaposture problem showing the most

symptoms among the three such as

head thrusting forward, shoulders

drooping or hunching forward, bust

line drooping, chest spear to be

caved-in etc.


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Ways to have a Better Diet

1. Eat slowly

2. Eat when you are hungry

3. Less food on your plate4. Drink a glass of water or more

5. Omit salt or use it scarcely

6. Dont use sugar in beverages

7. Never use butter, margarine,oil, cream, fats, mayonnaise, or

rich dressing unless prescribed

in your diet

8. Avoid concentrated rich food

9. Taste the forbidden food but

dont eat it

10. No second helping11. More activity, less sleep

12. Beware of saying I eat like a

bird

13. Day of deprivation14. Stop at your idea weight

15. Speak up Im on a diet

M k U d Th I id


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Make-Up and The Inside

Beauty

Make-Up

Everybody has his or herunique facial features that neednot be concealed by any facial

colorings. There are only a fewpeople who have the ability to stayattractive minus all the coloringsof the so-called make-up. Peopleuse make-up for several reasonslike:

1. It helps some people to hide theflaws they have in their facialfeatures.

2. Use it out of curiosity.

3. Enhance the beauty theyalready have.

The Inside Beauty

Make-up definitely modifies

ones facial beauty, specificallythe external physical beauty of a

person. The inside beauty of a

person is the only thing that

make-up cannot change

because no matter how beautiful

the application of make-up, it

can never compensate with

ones inner beauty.

f S f


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Layers of the Skin and Types of

Skin

Layers of the Skin - The skin isthe primary part of the human bodythat serves defense againstdiseases and injury.

1. Epidermis - it is the outer covering. The

characteristic of this layer is mark withwrinkles, ridges, and furrows, andobscured with openings called poresthrough which perspiration passes out ofthe body.

2. Dermis - this layer contains nerve cells,blood vessels, connective tissues,sebaceous glands, and some of the hairfollicles and fats.

3. Hypodermis - inner layer of the skin,otherwise known as subcutaneoustissue, which consist of fatty tissues,blood vessels, sweat glands, andsmooth muscles.

Types of Skin

1. Normal - This type of skin is

characterized by velvety, smooth

and clear texture, although perfect,

this skin must be kept thoroughly

clean so that no problem will everarises.

2. Oily - this skin type is often

abrasive in texture with a possibility

to produce large pores around the

nose that often result to blackheads

or blemishes.

3. Dry - This type of skin is often

coarse or papery to touch that

relatively becomes flushed or tender

and manifests wrinkles easily

around the eyes and mouth.


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Wardrobing

Psychology of Colors

1. Red - It expresses hostilities, fury, violence, hate, anger, and sin. But it

also represents love, beauty, happiness and cheerfulness.

2. Yellow - this expresses weakness, jealousy and envy. Also suggest

positivism, magnificence, intelligence, gold and prosperity.3. Blue - a calm, humble color illustrating divinity, reputation, and honesty. It

has diminishing qualities that suggest depression or loneliness, often referred

to as the blues.

4. Greenit is soothing to the eyes and nerves as it symbolized healthy

environment, youth, contentment, success and serenity.5. Purple - Presents regality, grief, sorrow, exhaustion, or somberness.

6. White- is the insignia of hope and love, denoting the beauty, happiness,

innocence and decency

7. Black - is bitter, sad, depressing and mysterious, expressing distress, grief

and insecurity.


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Color Harmony

1. Hue/Tone - This is the interchange with color

2. Primary colors - Represents the three fundamental hues.

3. Secondary colors - result when two primary colors are combined in equal

amounts.4. Intermediate colors - represents hues resulting from the combination of primarycolors and secondary colors.

5. Staple colors - tones of fundamental clothing

6. Neutral colors - tones of fundamental clothing

7. Warm colors- colors that advance and which make objects appear larger

8. Cool colors - colors that recede and make objects appear smaller

9. Cast - the inclination toward a color as the underlying color within a color

10. Under tone - the stronger, more dominant color within an intermediate color

11. Dark colors - hues with a lot of black than colors

12. Deep colors - full strong hues, no absence of color, and little or no black.


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Factors to Consider in Selecting Colors

*Skin tone

*Hair color

*Eye color

*Figure

*Personal choice

Laws of Having a Good Style

Memorize every angle of your

body. Never repeat clothing that does

not flatter your figure

Use clothing with lines & colors

that give a perfect impression

Make sure that your clothes fit

Basic Wardrobe Lines

1. Plain Lines - basic wardrobe line thatis commonly used for all type offigures and heights.

2. Princess Lines - gives illusion that acertain figure has a pleasing shapeand height.

3. Vertical Lines - gives illusion that anindividual has taller and slimmerfigure.

4. Horizontal Lines - gives an illusion thatan individual has shorter and fullerfigure

5. Vee Lines - curve line that gives anillusion that an individual has tallerand slimmer figure

6. Inverted Vee Line - curve line thatgives an illusion that an individual has

shorter and fuller figure.


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Hair Styling

Hair Myths

1. Everyday shampooing of

ones hair is bad.

2. Brushing your hair every

evening for 100 times is good.

3. Vigorous massaging of scalp

is good.

4. Providing the hair externally

with vitamins and minerals isgood.

5. Vigorous drying of your hair

with towel is good.

Solutions to Hair Problem

1. Dull and lifeless hair- to restore luster to

dull and lifeless hair, your need to have a

good health, do gentle brushing, use lots of

conditioners and hair protection and

thoroughly rinse hair after shampooing.

2. Split Ends - if you dont have time to go tothe parlor for a trim, try to mix equal parts of

mayonnaise and soy sauce. Rinse

thoroughly after half an hour.

3. Dandruff - This is a scale formed by dead

cells that are about to peel off. For you to

get rid of it, you have to gently brush the

areas with dandruff and rinse your hair

thoroughly.

4. Falling Hair - There is no need to be afraid

when you see hair falling because it is

normal. But, if your hair is falling into

groups from the same area, you have to

consult a dermatologist.


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Intellectual Aspect:

An Analysis

CHAPTER 5

T h i i G i i I ll l


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Techniques in Gaining Intellectual

Growth

Acquiring Positive Thinking

1. Act, walk, talk and think like theperson you wish to become.

2. Seize successful, positivethoughts in your wits.

3. Exude an air of well-being,confidence, and purpose.

4. Deal with everyone as the mostimportant person on earth.

5. Let others feel needed, important,and appreciated.

6. Think that everyone is best.

7. Dont brag about your bad health.

8. Look everywhere for best newideas.

9. Avoid pettiness.

10. Cultivate a spirit of giving.

Outlining a Better Vision1. Identify your vision.

2. Analyze your present life condition.

3. Substitute all the little options for the

one big vision.

4. Modify your personal growth to yourvision.

5. Expose yourself to successful people.

6. Frequently express your belief in your

vision.

7. Expect resistance to your vision.

8. Eliminate negative thinkers as close

friends.

9. Discover every possible opportunity to

fulfill your vision.

10. Surpass normal expectations.

11. Assist others who have a similarvision.


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Outlining a Better Goal

1. Crystallize your mindset.

2. Create a plan for acting your

goal and a deadline for its

achievement.

3. Cultivate a sincere desire for

the things your want in life.

4. Produce supreme confidence

in yourself and your own

abilities.

5. Build a dogged determination

to follow through on your plan.

Time Management

1. Learn to walk in blocks of

time.

2. Avoid daydreaming,

procrastination, and laziness.

3. Determine your priorities.

4. Maintain your priorities.

5. Act on your priorities.


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Stress, Frustrations, and Conflict

What is Stress?

A physical, mental, and emotional strain causing people to feel depressed

and frustrated.

Stress Factors

1. Physical Factor - involves strain on the biological or external attributes resulting to

hindrance in attaining ones goal.

2. Mental Factor - involves apprehension of a person in intellectual ability to complete

ones task.

3. Social Factorinvolves incapability of a person to harmoniously relate or interact

with other people.

What is Frustration?

Is the result of ones impediment or incapability to completed his desired

goals or ambitions that is caused by stressful events or conflicts.


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What is Conflict?

The instance where we have to choose between two or more

synchronized appearance of incompatible or mutually special goals or

desires.

Types of Conflict

1. Double-approach conflict - also known as approach-approach conflict. People arefaced with both choices that appear to them a mutually positive.

2. Double-avoidance conflict - also known as avoidance-avoidance conflict. People will

have to think harder or else they will come up with the worst effect because the choices

that appear at once are both incompatible or negative.3. Approach-Avoidance conflictalso known as negative-positive conflict. People will

have to choose between negative or positive valences of choice or get stuck with a

choice that results to a bad choice.

4. Multiple conflict - also known as double approach-avoidance conflict. The most difficult

among types of conflict. You will think it unbelievable but people usually come up upon

this type.


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Pointers to Overcome Stress,

Frustrations and Conflict

1. Cultivate a proper outlook.

2. Stop running from risks.

3. Succeed in your areas of

strength.

4. Prevent the rat race.

5. Dismount from the path of

overwork.

6. Produce strong conviction.

7. Give up your rights.

8. Reprogram your mind.

9. Turn your focus outward.

10. Unload stressful events to

someone.

11. Find a fun way to release

stress.


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Defense Mechanism

Defense Mechanism

unconscious attempts of an individual to guard himself against the risk of

breaking down of the ego and to alleviate the tension and anxiety resulting

from unsolved frustrations and conflicts.

Types of Defense Mechanism

1. Compensation - a type where the individual concentrates on a certainactivity with an increased vigor in an attempt to make up for some feeling ofreal or imagined inadequacy.

--Direct Compensat ion is where an individual conceives vigorousyearning to succeed in an area with which he experienced failure orinferiority.

--Indirect Compensat ion is where the individual tries to excel in adifferent field when there has been a failure in another.

2. Fantasy - known as daydreaming. An individual makes some imaginaryactivities that provide escape to some poor and frustrating reality which give

satisfaction as he obtains imagined achievement and success.


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3. Identification - this is where an individual relates or associates himselfclosely with the behavior of another individual or groups. It is also themechanism in which the individual boosts his confidence by designing

himself after another person.4. Projection - an individual characterizes his own unfavorable traits orimpulses to another.

5. Repression - an individual unconsciously eliminates an undesirablememory or excludes disturbing sexual and aggressive impulses formconsciousness.

6. Regression - an individuals action or behavior is like a trait of earlier stage.

7. Procrastination - an individual delays or puts off an unpleasant task.

8. Displaced Aggression - the individual switches a less intimidating object forthe original object or an impulse.

9. Rationalization - an individual uses logical reason whenever an action or

event hurts them.-- Sweet Lemon process where the individual says that what he has is just

what he wants.

-- Sou r-Grape process where the individual says something bad to objectsthae he cannot have but actually like.

--Escape Goat process where the individual tries to avoid the problems

which unendingly bug him.


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10. Denial - an individual refuses to recognize the presence of danger or

threatening condition.

11. Reaction Formation - the individual expresses overstated ideas and

emotions that are contradictory to the present disturbing unconscious

impulses and desires.

12. Sublimation - individual re-channels sexual and aggressive energy into

pursuit that society considers acceptable and even admirable.

T h i i G i i I t ll t l


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Techniques in Gaining Intellectual

Respect

Communication

the act of communicating;

exchange of ideas, conveyance

of information, etc.

Is a continuous two-way

process of transmitting

information from one person to

another with the use of

speaking, listening, reading, and

writing.

Classification of Communication

1. Intrapersonal communication

a person tries to communicatewith himself or herself and tries to

learn something about oneself.

2. Interpersonal communication

a person needs to have

significant others to learn andconverse with.


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People Involved in the

Communication Process

1. Sender - This person is alsoknown as the speaker, transmitter,

lecturer. This person is the person

that initiates the communication

process.

2. Receiver - this person is known as

the listener, audience, crowd, etc.This is the person that responds and

gives feedback to the person who

initiates the conversation.

Symbols in the Communication

Process

1. Verbal - Words and languagesprimarily presented this type of

symbol. It represents speaking per

se.

2. Non-Verbal- presented by all types

of expressions, gestures, sign

language, writing, drawing, andbody languages. It doesnt need

speaking to express ones emotions,

idea or opinion towards something.

Aspects in the Comm nication


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AspectsintheCommunication

Process

Speaking

Language is the Rubicon that

divides man from beast. It is the

key factor that separates man from

animal.1. Identify what you want to say.

2. Control fear.

3. Stop talking and Listen.

4. Think before you talk.

5. Believe in your message.

6. Repeat major points.

7. Find out what your listener wants.

Listening

To make an effort to hear, topay attention, as to warning or

advice. The hardest part one has toachieve is the art of listening.

1. Prepare to listen.

2. Focus on the speaker.

3. Screen-out distractions.

4. Concentrate on the message.

5. Listen to tapes while you

commute


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Components of Writing More

Effective Letters

1. Write a purpose statement.

2. Get to the point quickly.3. Explain abstract words.

4. Use gender neutral language.

5. Express emotion.

6. Keep it simple.

7. Be concise.

8. Use short sentences.

Writing

keeping a journal is like having a

heart to heart talk with yourself.

1. Keep a journal.

2. Use an outline.

3. Write personal notes.

4. Write more effectively.

Reading

helps you gain more information and it will surely help you in proper speaking

and writing.

1. Read.

2. Keep up with current events.

3. Read something inspirational

4. Use the internet.


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The Power of Motivation

Motivation

Is a continuous process that drives a person to act on something in orderto satisfy their needs.

Classification of Motives

1. Lower order need - Physiological need is the other name for this type of

order need. It is known as the lower order need since it represents the

primordial need of people which satisfies all the basic needs of human

such as food, shelter, etc.

2. Higher order need - Otherwise known as the Psychosocial need where

the need for satisfaction does not focus on the survival needs of human. It

is called as such since it focuses itself in gratifying the needs of human for

love and belongingness, accomplishments, etc.


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Hierarchy of Needs

1. Physiological needs

known as the basic biological need. This type of need focuses on the

survival needs of human.

2. Safety and Security needs

this type of need concerns itself with all the needs of human to

harmoniously cope with its society.

3. Love and Belongingness needs

also known as social need since it concerns itself with the need of humans

to be a part if a certain group with which they will feel belong and loved.

4. Self-esteem needs

this type of need can only be achieved if an individual has successfully

passed the lower order needs of human and has experienced to love and be

loved.

5. Self-actualization needs

this is the highest and longest to achieve since it focuses on ones need to

self-realize everything that he have gone through and achieved in life.


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Reinforcement that Motivates

Reinforcement

is a stimulus that strengthens or

weakens the behavior that produced

it. These actions for people to eithercontinue or eliminate the action.

1. Positive Reinforcement - the action

of a certain individual is rewarded

for them to maintain and continue it.

2. Negative Reinforcement - involvesaversive behavior in order to

eliminate or discard a wrong action

done by an individual.

Factors that Appeal for Motivation

1. Physical Factor- also known asbiological factor. People will do anythingto make themselves attractive andprettier.

2. Psychological Factor - a personhungers for personal growth.

3. Social Factor - prioritizes the need forachievement, fulfillment, recognition, andattention.

4. Moral Factor - this is where peoplework hard on something in answer totheir beliefs, interests and intentions.

5. Spiritual Factor- factor with which anindividual is guided by a supreme beingas he works hard to achieve what isexpected of him.


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Leadership Abilities

Leadership is the process by which a person

leads and directs somebody

towards the achievement of a

specific goal. Leader is the person

who leads and directs others.

Fol lower the person whom the

leaders are directing and leading.

Steps in Becoming a Leader

1. Know thyself.

2. Develop a model of leadership

you can strive to achieve.

3. Learn from everything.

4. Create a feedback-rich

environment.

5. Find a mentor.

Leadership Factors

1. Consideration- attitude of a leader

who shows concern for his

constituents.

2. Structure - ability of a leader insetting goals and identifying work

schedules and methods.

3. Production Emphasis - leaders

ability in accomplishing the specified

work correctly and on time.

4. Sensitivity - ability of a leader in

keeping all of his team happy and

working harmoniously.


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Leadership Styles

1. Dominating Leader - the person leading the team focuses his attention on

getting things done according to his plan by giving orders.

2. Negotiating Leader - the person that leads a specific group tries to negotiate

with this followers on the basis of a win-win situation.

3. Persuading Leader- a person leading the team must possess vision, goodcommunication, and powerful motivating skills since he has to produce a

feeling that can be convincing to everybody.

4. Modeling Leader - Modeling has an enormous impact on people. If people

greatly admire somebody with a positive character, and they know how and

why they act as such, they might eventually follow.5. Empowering Leader - the best and highest form of leadership style. The

leader builds relationship with this people, communicates his positive vision to

them, motivates them to believe they can achieve it, and equips them to

accomplish it.


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Characteristics of a Leader

1. Leaders enlist the support of

others+.

2. Leaders walk their talk.

3. Leaders put their people first.

4. Leaders leverage their

resources.

5. Leaders know their followers.

6. Leaders lead.

Steps in Decision-Making

1. Relax, think thing s o ver.

before deciding , weight things outfirst and be sure that you know theconsequences of your action.

2. Ack now ledge the obv ious.

sometimes the simplest and palpablechoice is the one least considered.

3. Evaluate the Consequences .

make sure that you have thought all

things through or youll end up miserableand frustrated.

Decision-Making is the process by which decisions are made, especially

important decisions affecting others and made by virtue of ones office or

position;

the power or ability to make decisions of consequences.


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Moral Aspect:An Analysis

CHAPTER 6


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Habit

Habits

the unconscious but ingrained actions of humans to thingsaround them in similar point in time. A tendency toward an action or

condition, which by repetition become involuntary.

Ways to Eradicate Negative Habits

1. Observe social impression about you.

2. Intensify personal observation of actions.

3. Amplify work loads.


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Attitudes

Attitude

Is the first quality that marks asuccessful man. If he has apositive attitude and is a positivethinker, who likes challengesand difficult situations, then hehas half his success achieved.

a state of mind, behavior, orconduct, it is indicating ones

feelings, opinions, or purposes.1. Intend to improve.

2. Visualize.

3. Be flexible.4. Be likable.

5. Commit to being truthful.

6. Empathize.

7. Dont take yourself too

seriously.8. Eliminate negative feelings.

9. Be receptive to new ideas.

10. Take responsibility.

11. Respect others points of

view.12. Recognize the impact ofstress.

13. Be real.

14. Check your attitude.

Behavior Interest and


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Behavior, Interest and

PrincipleWays to Improve Behavior

1. Laugh.

2. Use good manners.

3. Recognize manipulative

behavior.

4. Recognize condescending

manners.

5. Avoid words that hurt.

6. Change abrasive behavior.

7. Handle disagreements with

tact.

Interest

a feeling of attraction orcuriosity about something.

Principles

a set of moral standards orrules of conduct, especially,superior standards or rules.

Behavior

a manner of ones conduct,

deportment, any observableresponse of an organism tostimuli. It is the result of onesneed to catch the attention of thepeople around them and berecognized.


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Values

Values something regarded as desirable,worthy, or right, as a belief or ideal. Itis the epitome of what is consideredas standard and ideal form living.

The Filipino Values System

1. Bahala na (Fatalistic Outlook)a type

of Filipino values that upholds the beliefthat in every problem, which cannot besolved by human ability, there is DivineBeing who will interfere.

2. Utang na Loob (Sense of Gratitude)returning a favor that others haveextended to a certain individual.

3. Pakikisama (Desire for InterpersonalRelation)a person initiatively extendshis help or favor to others to keep lastingfriendship.

4. Hiya (Shyness Orientation)veryevident among people who are new in acertain environment where they cannotlet others see their real personality.

5. Amor Propio (Egotism)a person

presents a stature that does not reallydescribe his present status.

6. Bayanihan (Group Help)shows the

Filipinos willingness to extend help to

those people who are in need.

7. Maana Habit (Procrastination)a

Filipino values that tends to delay thecompletion of work required.

8. Ningas-Kugon (Putting off tomorrow

what you can do for today)Filipinos

postpone the things that they plan to do

for the next day.

9. Pampalubag-loob (Euphemism)explains the way an individual sys or

does unpleasant truths with

pleasantness.

10. Gaya-gaya (Imitating others)shown

when people imitates others ways which

they think may be good for them.


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Temperamental

Aspect:

An Analysis

CHAPTER 7

E ti


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Emotion

Emotion

came from a Latin term emoverse meaning to st i r up or to m ove.A

strong feeling of some kind that impels a person to do something. It is one

factor that motivates a person to move and it can be either desirable or

undesirable and is said to either make or break a person.Major Kinds of Emotion

1. Fear - arises when there is suddenness and unfamiliarity of situation

where the person involved has difficulty in making decision or action.

2. Anxiety - the person anticipates something that has not existed yet.

3. Worry - grows out of fear. A repetitive action that produce no adjustmentwhatsoever, since it involves no plan of activity.

4. Anger - arises when the needs of a certain individual is thwarted.

5. Love - arises when a certain individual exudes affection of passion for

something or someone.

Eff f E i


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Effects of Emotion

Psychological Effect

Emotion is one of the

responsibilities of the brain. If there

are strong emotions that are not

fully satisfied, something might

happen to ones psychosocialprocesses;

1. Positive Effect- emotions can help

an individual improve himself

and build lasting relationship.

2. Negative Effect- if the emotion istoo strong and cannot be

controlled by oneself, it may

result to negative attitude of an

individual.

Physiological Effect

Emotion also affect the biologicalfunctioning;

1. Galvanic Skin Responses

2. Blood changes in pressure,

volume, and composition.3. Respiration or breathing cycle.

4. Pupillary responses.

5. Salivary gland secretion isimpeded.

6. Muscle tension and tremor.7. Pilomotor responses or goosebumps.

8. Gastrointestinal motility.

9. Metabolic rate increase

10. Glandular activity increase.

Preventing Emotional


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Preventing Emotional

Outburst

1. Accept responsibility and achieve work without prejudice.

2. Respect and love others as you respect and love yourself.

3. Be sensitive to the needs and rights of other people.

4. Be flexible and use time, money, and effort in a constructive way.

5. Have a sense of humor and do not take everything seriously.

6. Follow directions and accept criticisms without being offended.

7. Admit that you are currently having an intense emotion.

8. Do not let others know that you experiencing a powerful emotion.

9. Incorporate your emotions with your intellect and determination

for you to learn and grow as a person.


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Social Aspect:

An Analysis

CHAPTER 8

Social Relation: What is


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Social Relation: What isit?

Social

Comes from the Latin word sociuswhich means ally(an ally that iscommonly known by humans as societyor associate undergoes a series ofinteraction to result in some form of

bonding). It is composed of peopleundergoing an interaction in relation totheir environment.

Relation

Comes from the Latin word relatuswhich means to br ing in to c onnect ionor relat ion. It is the connection orinteraction of group of individuals in aparticular environment.

Social Relation

the art of getting along well with otherpeople whenever they interact with eachother on a given situation in a particular

environment.

Building Harmonious Relationshipwith Others

1. Speak your mind freely.

2. Dont fight over something thatwas already shared.

3. Listen empathically to others.4. Dont dominate the discussion.

5. Dont let the discussion get awayfrom your.

6. Join in a friendly disagreement.

7. Strike while the iron is hot.8. Try to act what you are saying.

9. Be sensitive to the needs ofothers.

10. Most especially, try to developthe rarest and hardest art of

interaction-the art of LISTENING.


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Social vs Real Self

Everyone has a personality.

Therefore, everyone wears a

mask. In Greek,Personali ty

came from the term personameaning mask.A mask is

anything that you can wear for

disguise. A mask refers to ones

social self. It is the self that

others see and is projected by

people to hide their real self .

Friendship

The one that multiply our joy anddivide our grief. They are the oneswho build us up when we are aboutto quit on something that we are notcapable to achieve. Some ways topractice the art of friendship;

1. Reach out.

2. Let friendship a priority.

3. Let friends know that you care.

4. Limit criticisms.

5. Evaluate before adding.

6. Never gossip about a friend.

7. Practice loyalty.

8. Be a real friend.


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Spiritual Aspect:An Analysis

CHAPTER 9

Standards for Social


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Standards for SocialRelations

The Greatest Commandments1. Thou shall love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul,and with all thy mind.

a. Thou shall have no other gods before me.

b. Thou shall not make unto three any graven image, or any likeness of anythingthat is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.

c. Thou shall not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD willnot hold him guiltless that take his name in vain.

d. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.

2. Thou shall love thy neighbors as thyself.

a. Honor thy father and thy mother.

b. Thou shall not kill.

c. Thou shall not commit adultery.

d. Thou shall not steal.

e. Thou shall not bear false witness against thy neighbor.

f. Thou shall not covet thy neighbors house, thou shall not covet thy neighborswife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any

thing that is thy neighbors.

Love as Part of Social


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Love as Part of Social

Relations

Love

generally includes an emotion ofintense attraction to either another

person, a place, or thing; and may

also include aspect of caring for or

finding identification with those

objects including self-love.

Types of Love

1. Courtly love- type of love prescribing

certain conduct and emotion for ladies

and their lovers.2. Erotic love - the desire is characterized

by sexual urges.

3. Familial love - intertwined with concepts

of attachment and bonding.

4. Free love- sexual relations are presentaccording to choice and unrestricted bymarriage.

5. Platonic love- there is a closerelationship but the absence of sexualdesire.

6. Puppy love- the romantic affection thatis present is not mature or not true.

7. Religious love- love that reflects adevotion to ones deity or theology.

8. Romantic love- the affection ischaracterized by a mix of emotional andsexual desire.

9. True love- love without condition, motiveor attachment.

10. Unrequited love- the affection anddesire is not reciprocated or returned.

M lti l H i


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Multiply your Happiness

Happiness

Is a prolonged or lasting emotional or affective state that feels good or

pleasing.

The following will help you have a positive vibes;

1. Appreciate people.

2. Allocate time with people.

3. Impart knowledge and ideas.

4. Share friendship.

5. Share kindness.

6. Share experience.

7. Share enthusiasm.


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MannersAnd

Etiquette

CHAPTER 10

M d Eti tt


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Manners and Etiquette

Etiquette

is a French word meaning

ticket. A conventional rule of

behavior.

Manners

Is based on kindness to and

consideration for others, which

results from the heart of

courteous behavior. It is an

indicator if a certain individual is

civilized or not.

Good manners and right conduct should be

observe in the following places/situation:

1. in the FAMILY.

2. In PUBLIC places.3. In DATING.

4. During MEAL (table manners)

5. During INTRODUCTIONS.

6. Answering telephone CALLS.


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Evaluating

Personality

CHAPTER 11

Types of Evaluation


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yp

Techniques

1. Observation

the most basic and common form

of evaluating personality where the

only tool a person uses is his

senses to obtain information.

Two Types

a. Participatory Observation- the person

evaluates the personality of another

person participates in all his activities.b. Non-Participatory Observation - the

person who evaluates the personality of

another person tries to observe him/her

from a distance.

2. Interview

Distinct type of evaluating

personality wherein the person who

is going to measure ones

personality uses cross-examination

to obtain information.

Two types

a. Structured interview- the interviewer

follows a certain format and questions to

make sure that all the needed details arecovered.

b. Unstructured interview- interviewer

does not follow a certain format and can

ask the person under examination

anything under the sun.


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3. Test

the most distinct type of assessing personality since it has a standard setof questions printed, evaluated, and proven reliable and valid by experts ona given field.

1. Objective Test- known as paper and pencil test which follows a definitescoring key.

--Intel l igenc e Test measures ones intellectual abilities.

--Personal i ty Test measures ones personality traits.

2. Subjective Test- test that does not have a definite answer, and scoring

depends on the expertise of a certain individual.--Teacher-made test subjective test done primarily by teachers in relation

to their subject.

--Project ive test composed by experts where the primordial objective isfor the individual to cast or to give an idea about their personality through their

responses in a more or less unstructured test.


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Factors in Job Hunting

1. Interest

2. Location

3. Schedule

Components of Resume

1. Personal Information

2. Educational Background

3. Work Experience

4. Seminars, Conference,

Workshops

5. References

Preparing for an Interview

1. Phys ical Attr ib utes- how

applicant carries himself.

2. Intel lectual At tr ibu teshow

you answer the questions of theinterviewer.

The ABCs of Interviewing

1. A fo r Att i tud e- positive

attitude towards work.

2. B stands for Behavior- air of

confidence.

3. C for Compatibi l i ty - the job

fits you.


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Theworld is so empty if one thinks only of mountains, rivers,and cities, but to know someone here and there who thinks

and feels with us and who, though distant, is close to us in

spirit, makes the earth a garden.

-Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe

Thank you!.,; )

Documents

Personality Development Complete