Personality Theory

Bell Activity 5/8/2013

Wanted: Sales Manager

Established self-starter Willing to accept

responsibility Ability with creative staffing

solutions Highest quality services Team Player Interpersonal skills College degree required Experience preferred

1.) What type of personality traits are requested in the ad?

2.) Why might these traits be useful for a sales manager?

3.) In your own words define personality

4.) Work on Vocabulary for chapter 14

Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to-

-Describe the purposes of personality theories

-List major schools of Personality Theory

-Explain Freud’s concepts of personality

Purpose of Personality Theory

Provides a way of organizing the characteristics you know about yourself and others.

Personality theorists try to determine whether certain traits go together, why some people have certain traits and not others.

Explain how people conduct their lives, and then how to improve life.

Major Schools of Personality Theory

Psychoanalytic theory (Freud and followers) Behaviorism Social learning theories Cognitive theorists

Sigmund Freud & the Unconscious

First to suggest that the unconscious has a powerful influence over our personality.

“Freudian slips” are not “slips” at all-they conveyed something about our personality

Developed structural concept of the mind to explain how the mind functions: Id, ego, superego.

Sigmund Freud & the Unconscious

Id-contains the instinctual and biological urges. Wants immediate gratification regardless of consequences.

Ego- Mostly conscious, forms during 2nd and 3rd years, rational, tries to meet the demands of the id and superego in socially acceptable ways.

Superego- Moral part, high ideals, source of guilt.

-Id and Superego are in conflict all of the time.

-If the Id is not satisfied the person is angry etc, if the superego is not obeyed the person feels guilt.

Id, Ego and Superego Explained

Id, Ego and Superego You are on an overnight hike

with a group of friends when a rainstorm suddenly hits. Everyone’s food is destroyed in the downpour except one friend who wrapped her food in a plastic stuff sack. As night arrives, you are very hungry. You notice that your friend has wandered away from her backpack. Part of you wants to steal her food-you need it for energy but another part of you says the action is morally wrong. What will you do?

Assignment:

-Read the scenario to the right

-create a cartoon (comic strip style) showing the three-part dialogue between the id, ego and superego as they argue about how to resolve this issue.

-Remember, the id, ego and superego must represent the ideas of Freud’s theory

-You must have at-least 5 “boxes” in your comic strip.

Bell Activity 5/9/2013

Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to-

Apply Freud’s personality theory

List defensive mechanisms Describe behavior theories

1.) List two purposes of studying personality

2.) According to Freud, what is the moral, guilty part of our subconscious?

3.) What differences exist between first-born children and last-born children?

4.) What job do you think would best fit your personality? Explain?

Id, Ego and Superego

Cookie Monster

Explain the roles of the id, ego and superego in the clip

Defense Mechanisms

Read about Freud’s theories of defense mechanisms on page 380-383

Create a Diagram showing the different mechanisms. Be sure to explain each defense mechanism and include an example of each.

Defense Mechanisms

Freud believed the ego subconsciously protected itself against unpleasant circumstances

Include rationalization, repression, denial, projection, reaction formula, regression, displacement, sublimation

Defense Mechanisms

Rationalization: Making up acceptable uses for behaviors to justify our actions

Repression: “Pushing” painful thoughts or memories into our subconscious

Denial: Refusing to accept reality

Defense Mechanisms

Projection: Inner feelings are projected onto other people

Reaction formula: Replacing an unacceptable feeling with an opposite one

Regression: Going back to an earlier pattern of behavior

Defense Mechanisms

Displacement: When you can not take out on the source of your frustrations, you take it out on someone else

Sublimation: Redirecting an unacceptable desire and turning it into a socially acceptable desire

Defense Mechanisms: Assignment

Groups will be assigned one of the defense mechanisms and will need to create a short (2-3 minute) skit to illustrate the mechanism

All group members must be involved in the skit!

Bell Activity 5/10/2013

Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to

-Apply Freud’s defense mechanisms

-Describe the behaviorist, cognitive, humanistic and self theories of personalities.

-Describe differences between siblings

1.) A student has a fight with her boyfriend right before class. When she gets to class, she is upset and is rude and disrespectful to the teacher. Which of Freud’s defense mechanisms is being exhibited here?

2.) Which of Freud’s defensive mechanisms is described as “burying” painful experiences in the subconscious?

3.) What does the quote “to thine own self be true” mean to you?Test on Tuesday;

Vocabulary due on Monday

Before we get started… Get a piece of the colored paper

provided by Mr. P.

Pick your favorite teacher, staff member, administrator at PCHS

Write them a short note telling them how much you appreciate them and their impact on your life.

Fold it and put their name on the outside (so I know who to deliver it to!).

Obviously not a required assignment but your teachers will really appreciate it. TRUST ME!!

Freud Followers; Neo-Freudians…..Other Psychoanalysts

Carl Jung: Believed in collective unconscious which is inherited instincts, urges and memories.

-Also developed idea of archetypes which are common experiences of humanity regarding motherhood, fatherhood, war, nature, etc.

Freud Followers; Neo-Freudians…..Other Psychoanalysts

Alfred Adler: Driving force in people’s life is to overcome feelings of inferiority; inferiority complex (Napolean)

Erich Fromm: People have need to belong Karen Horney: Importance of anxiety in

development of personality Erik Erikson: Importance of socialization

(psychosocial) in personality development

Behavioral Theory

Believe focus should be on observable behavior (not unconscious)B. F. Skinner: Radical BehaviorismFocused on cause of a behavior/ less concerned with understanding behavior but on predicting it and controlling it.

Contingencies of Reinforcement-What conditions are maintaining (rewarding) the behavior?

Behavioral Theory (Continued)

Very popular approach because it is action oriented

Alfred Bandura: Social Learning Theories Personality is acquired by both

reinforcement (Skinner) & observational learning/imitation.

Most effective models are the ones that are most similar and admired by the observer.

Cognitive Theory

Based on analysis of our own mental activity George Kelly: Ignores the unconscious

motives/drives/emotions and instead focuses on our perception of ourselves and our environment.

We get our cues for how to act based on our anticipation or prediction about our world.

Kelly believes we are masters rather than victims of our destiny.

Humanist Psychology

Emphasizes personal growth and achievement of maximum potential

All humans strive for self actualization Lead by Maslow: studies were based on healthy

people with some emotional difficulty but are very productive and enjoy life.

Shared traits of self-actualized individuals:- Perceive reality accurately- Accept themselves- Problem centered vs. self-centered

Self Theory(Also part of Humanism, BTW)

Promoted by Carl Rogers People suffer from conflict between what

they value in themselves and what other people value in them.

“Self”=your image of who you are developed over years of watching how people react to you. “To thine own self be true”

Must be open to all feelings, thoughts and experiences to become fully functioning

SiblingsRead the article and answer the questions

According to studies, what are the personality differences of first-born, middle-born and last-born children?

Do you agree with the findings of the research? Explain.

How should parents deal with these different personalities.