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THE GOVERNMENT OF MONGOLIACOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
PERSPECTIVES FROM MONGOLIA:
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
17-11-20 1
2020.11.17
Mongolia’s Accession to the UN Convention on the Use of
Electronic Communications in
International Contracts
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CONTENT
• Background Information
• Current Legal Environment
• Motivations for Acceding UN Convention on ECC
• Government Digital Transformation
• Improving Legal Environment
• UN ECC Effects
17-11-20 2
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17-11-20 3
Background Information
Area: 1.5 mln.km2
Population: 3.2 mln. (2019), 2 people per 1 km2
Capital city – 1.1 mln.
60% - under 35 years old
Location: between Russia and China;
mountains, forest, steppe, desert.
Political system: Parliament (76 seats)
Administration: Capital city – Ulaanbaatar,
21 provinces, more 350 soums (districts), 1700+
bags(municipalities)
Literacy rate: 96.7%
Main economic sector: mining (17.6%), agriculture (14%),
manufacturing(10.6%), transportation and storage (5%), whole and
retail trade (16.4%),
ICT (2.4%) by 2019.
GDP per capita: 4295 USD (by 2019 WB Atlas)
Currency: tugrik, MNT (1 USD = 3850 MNT)
Membership: UN, WTO, WHO, ILO, ITU, UPU, APT, APPU, ESCAP,
UNCTAD, ...,
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Background Information
17-11-20 4
2018: 92/193
15
103
2014 2017
INFORMATION SECURITY INDEX
2017: 103/180
76
65
84 92
2012 2014 2016 2018
UN EGOV INDEX
2430
3965
2012 2014 2016 2018
CIVIC PARTICIPATION
INDEX
2018: 65/193
87
86 8693
103
ANTICORRUPTION INDEX
DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX
55 57
61 61
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Background Information
17-11-20 5
Source: Communications regulatory commission of Mongolia,
2020
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Background Information
17-11-20 6
Source: Communications regulatory commission of Mongolia,
2020
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Background Information
17-11-20 7
Source: Communications regulatory commission of Mongolia,
2020
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Current Legal Environment
• Constitution of Mongolia
• Civil Law
• Law on Information Transparency and Right to Information
• Law on State and Official Confidentiality
• Law on Organizational Confidentiality
• Law on personal privacy
• General law on state registration
• Law on Geodesy and Cartography
• Law on archives and record keeping
• Law on Electronic Signature
17-11-20 8
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Current Legal Environment
• Electronic transactions (Civil law 421 provision)• Applicable
for transactions except for registration, notary services
• Mandatory use of digital signature
• Lack of legal recognition of electronic documents• No legal
recognition of equal effect of paper and electronic documents
– such as email, computer file, phone message, database records
…
• Electronic signature (Elect. sign law, 2011)• No clear
distinction between 2 levels of electronic signature
• Prevalently focused on digital signature
• Practically, difficult to be incorporated in international
communications
• Japan-Mongolia Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA, 2015)
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Current Legal Regulation for Electronic Communications
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• Expansion of global socio-economic relations (economic,
social, official, individuals, corporations ...)
• Government policy for improving public services,
efficiencies and accountabilities
• Adoption of ECC by UN members
• Government digital transformation agenda– Right and granting
access to government data
– Data sharing between government agencies and businesses
– Organization of granting access to government data
– Harmonizing domestic regulations in accordance to
respective
international and regional norms and treaties
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Motivations for Acceding UN Convention on ECC
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17-11-20 11
Government Digital Transformation
Government Decree No.411IT PPP
Government Decree No.159Government Data sharing
Government Decree No.259Some measures for
government online services
Government Decree No.23Citizen centered
government service
Government Decree No.149Some measures for improving
government services
PM’s Decree No.50Establishing WG
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Government Digital Transformation
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Public Service Hall, Single-Window/Recent development/
Single Point Public Service Hall/with use Government data
sharing system “KHUR”/
Transformati
on
One-stop online portal/with use Government data sharing
system
“KHUR” and SSO-based web portal/
Mobile app/with use Government data sharing system “KHUR”
and
SSO-based app/
Transformation
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Government Digital Transformation
17-11-20 13
eMongolia portal eMongolia app
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17-11-20 14
Government Digital Transformation
Since launch:- more than half of the users prefer visiting the
public service hall- Online users prefer mobile app over the
portal
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Government Digital Transformation
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Improving Legal Environment
17-11-20 16
1. No clear legal regulations on Protection of Personal
Data and functions Data Processor (Holder of Data)
2. Processing of personal data without notice to the Data
Owner
3. Increase of sensitivity of personal data with
digitization of government activities
4. Outdated regulation of personal data to be protected
Law on Data Protection: Necessity and Gap
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Improving Legal Environment
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Law on Data Protection: Regulations to be adopted
Rights and obligations of Owner of data;
Consent of Owner of data ;
Processing of personal data within and between holder
ofinformation;
Protection of personal data;
Role and responsibilities Data protection office (Mongolian
NationalHuman right commission)
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Improving Legal Environment
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Law on Public Information: Necessity and Gap
➢ Limited access to own data held by government and public
agencies
➢ No legal regulation on organization of access to government
data
➢ Hierarchical, agency based practices for citizens and lack of
whole-of-government
approach (visiting every single agencies, delays, )
➢ No IT Governance among government agencies: IT accountability
and IT cost control
➢ Accountability of government IT data and assets
➢ Need for legal regulations on government information systems
and databases as
strategic assets for better governance
➢ Utilization of the core and supporting government information
systems for data
sharing and integrated online services
➢ Need for government open data
➢ Legal recognition of electronic documents
➢ Need for legal recognition of using government data by private
business companies
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Improving Legal Environment
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Public data (open, internal, limited data)
Holder of Information
Systems: Core, supporting, agency’s
Consent of Data owner, notification
Core and specialized data bases
Access channels for public data (portal, app) andsharing data
with private sectorOwner of data
Data protection: monitoring and supervising
Institutional responsibilities and roles
Law on Public Information: Regulations to be adopted
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UN ECC Effects
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• For business:➢ Trust & Confidence: Legal recognition of
electronic documents and messages➢ No limitation on place of
business➢ Facilitation at global trade and business➢ Reducing
direct and indirect transaction costs➢ Facilitation export of goods
and services➢ Integration of domestic business into regional and
global business
community
• For Government:➢ Innovation & Government reengineering➢
Increasing efficiency and productivity➢ Cost reduction &
Accountability➢ New public management➢ Better governance
• For Citizen:➢ Any time & Anywhere➢ Single window &
Multichannel & Multidevice➢ Cost saving & Satisfaction➢
Trust & Confidence
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17-11-20 2117-11-20 21
THE GOVERNMENT OF MONGOLIA
COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY
THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATION
www.cita.gov.mn
