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Perspectives from the System Level, Provider leadership, Quality
and Value Owners Ilan Rubinfeld, MD, MBA, FACS, FCCP, FCCM
Chief Medical Officer-‐ Associate Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit
Executive War College, New Orleans, 2017
Plan for the Conversation
! Overview from the the perspective on laboratory medicine from the system, hospital, quality and medical leadership
! Creating your LAB 2.0 infrastructure and pipeline: people, process, governance, software, projects, project, project, data, data, data
! Tools in action: Projects from the tools and learning perspective
What laboratorians think of themselves
3
People are always so angry when they call
How do we get past all of the pushback?
Why do they keep doing all of these useless
test?
That test became irrelevant 10 years
ago…
Why don’t I get invited to the decision table?
Does anyone understand how valuable we are?
I want to be a profit center again
How clinicians (often) see laboratorians…
4
Difficult to contact the lab..
Don’t understand technology..
Difficult to collaborate…
Resistance to change …
Why don’t you come to the room and tell the paIent why you aren’t running this lab?
Did they cancel my lab again?
Insufficient???? I’ll show you insufficient!
Not paIent focused
How the Clinicians see themselves… !
5
As a doc, I face the paIent and their families in this
consumer oriented nightmare we call modern healthcare
Your liPle microscope is cute, but I operate with
a robot
I take the Hit each and every Ime the Lab, Pharmacy, or
Radiology don’t do what I tell them…
You guys are a liability, when we get into bundled care I don’t even want you in the
room
Each day is like the Lord of the Rings, or Star wars… I am on an holy quest to save my
paIent
Lab is not going to tell me how to pracIce
medicine
Pain: across the system and where lab rests in the ”pain milieu” Value is a nebulous concept Unpredictable competitive markets Unstable assumptions impede forecasting and planning
Revenue ceiling is easier to find then limits on expenses Everyone wants to be a loss leader We never have enough data that transitions to insight and knowledge The payors, pharma, device industry all invests heavily in analytics, and we are behind in this analytics arms race to insight
Lab is just one of the many expenses In a “lab” pursuit of excellence, the clinical and operational needs may be secondary. No offense please, but lab doesn't exactly make for great eye candy on a marketing or philanthropy campaign
The great semantic game leading to Pain in any Value Future
! In every other industry and economic discussion Value is an euphemism for “cheap”
! Only in healthcare is it rolled into an expectation of increasing quality.
! The frame of reference has been co-‐opted by the payors − Decrease cost sound like a universally good thing − But we must learn via Google translate: they mean our
Revenue!
Revenue
Gain: What do we hope lab and lab informatics can do for us? ! Keep the spend down, as you always have ! Be lean, model lean, and teach everyone else how to be lean ! Partner with other “expenses” and clinical drivers of utilization to
decrease utilization across the board ! Develop and drive a “value engine”: enabled, empower, inspired
by lab and lab informatics to work these utilization projects across the expense spectrum: ambulatory to inpatient, population to acute − Population is now a nebulous term: all of primary care? Just members of
an at risk contract? ACO? HMO?
SWOT Analysis: HFHS as a system and Lab/Lab Informatics
Strength
• HFHS • Lab/Lab InformaIcs
Weakness
• HFHS • Lab/Lab InformaIcs
Opportunity
• HFHS • Lab/Lab InformaIcs
Threats
• HFHS • Lab/Lab InformaIcs
SWOT: Strength
Health System • Excellent Care and Outcomes • Quality and Reliability Focus • Collaborative Improvement Culture • Strong Core Values • Mission Driven • Succeeding with Growth Initiatives • Improved Financial position
Lab and Lab Informatics
• Excellent quality • Excellent performance metrics • Financial strength and vitality • Lean mastery • Growth via reference lab activities • Growth via new projects (precision medicine)
• Increasing collaborative presence
SWOT: Weaknesses Health System
• Uncertainty and Unpredictability • Single Payor dominance • Increased competition for less commercial patients, and the suburbs are really pretty
Lab and Lab Informatics • Inward focus • Non-‐prominence in governance, provider and operational leadership
• Nerd-‐geek-‐in-‐the-‐lab • Making successes within the department clear successes across the enterprise
SWOT: Opportunities
Health System
• Growth • Referral • M and A
• ACA isn't dead yet • Continue to run faster then the competition
• New Technologies • Acute care, emergent complex care
• Collaboration: Pharmacy? Primary care • New Testing, Growth, Referral (high margin testing?)
• DATA! DATA! DATA! • You know certain things first • Retail
Lab and Lab Informatics
SWOT: Threats Health System • Risks related to urban coverage in a potential post-‐ACA world, less covered lives, less things covered
• Single dominant payor, gets/seizes even more market power
• Urban conditions make referral business difficult to maintain
• Expenses continue to rise despite aggressive management (market manipulative scarcity like the pharmaceutical markets)
• Can Providers alignment for to thrive in times of change (We know we must be bigger then HFMG alone)
Lab and Lab Informatics • Can lab face the market manipulative scarcity like pharmacy? How will that distort everything? Automation? Lean?
• Clinicians wont change and will not partner • Retail: pharmacy?
Pay for Performance Programs at HFHS Dollars at Risk > $50M
• CMS Pay for Performance $13.6M • Value Based Purchasing (Core Measures, Patient Satisfaction,
Outcomes, Spend per beneficiary)
• Readmissions
• Hospital Acquired Conditions (CLABSI, CAUTI, complications)
• BCBS -‐ Hospital Bonus $ 12.0M
• BCBS Doctor Group Bonus $4.2M
• MiPCT $4.3M for Primary Care
• Health Information Technology 2011 to 2013 = $58M
• 30 Certification Programs (P2P) and Select Networks
• Lab and Lab Informatics involvement: • HAI (CAUTI, CLABSI, SSI, MRSA, CDIFF) • Patient Safety Indicators:
• PSI 9: Post Op Hemorrhage • PSI 10: Post Op Acute Kidney Injury • PSI 13: Post Op Sepsis
• Population Metrics related to • HgbA1C, Glucose Control, Cholesterol, etc.
Lab testing -‐-‐> Hospital quality metrics • Median Ime from ED arrival to ED departure • Diagnosis of
• Central line associate bloodstream infecIon • Catheter associated urinary tract infecIon • Methicillin resistant Staph aureus bacteremia • Clostridium difficile infecIon
• Blood cultures performed within 24 hours prior to or 24 hours a]er hospital arrival; in ED prior to first anIbioIc received
• Screening for cervical and colorectal cancers • Comprehensive diabetes mgmt (HbA1c)
15
Help Us Build Value
! In a parade of expenses be the prize winning float ! Cannibalize yourself: partner on the “value” project ! Leverage your Lean ! Leverage your analytics and informatics ! Learn how and then be “THE” partner!, remember: Radiology,
Pharmacy, Cardiac Testing are all breathing down your neck ! Find ways to create growth, bring in patients and business: new
medical records, high margin testing ! Challenge the traditional ROI
Lab 2.0 Infrastructure: People, Process, Technology
FickenscherK, BakermanM. Physician Exec. 2011 Jan-‐Feb;37(1):73. Trastek VF, et al. Mayo ClinProceed. 2014;89(3):374-‐381
People
Process Technology
Change Management
Process Improvement
Strategic Planning
P6: LUTF: The System Lab Utilization Task Force: The activated clinical leadership • Stage of Development:
Launched, Here to stay, a proven team that gets the job done, a trusted and sought after partner, needs more resources and clinical actors to mature further and take on more projects of bigger scope
• Targeted Metrics: • Projects completed • ROI in multiple formats • Publications, podium presentations, system and
operational metrics
• Amount of Impact: • Priceless
• Top Line Goals through 2019: • Develop the pipeline to provider reporting,
scorecards and OPPE • Refine ROI calculations based on believable
finance metrics • Focus on the market-‐basket improvements
• Lets look at tools in detail
• What are the ingredients in our utilization recipe for success?
• The “Perpetual Stew” of LUTF
Agree to a Collaboration Framework
Process
CommunicaIon
Roles and RelaIonships
Authority and Leadership
Goals and Mission
Knowledge $ Relevance
Identify the Common Goal
Multidisciplinary and collaborative framework for laboratory testing
Medically-‐relevant
Cost-‐ effective Scalable
and Integrated
Evidence-‐based
Self-‐learning and Open
Acquire Legitimacy: Stake your claim in the governance model
PROVIDER LED-‐ Focusses on exisIng tesIng menu and find opportuniIes to standardize and raIonalize lab tesIng
MulIdisciplinary
Provider Council
Medical Laboratory Formulary CommiPee
Clinical EvaluaIon and Technical Assessment
CommiPee
Laboratory UIlizaIon
Taskforce
PATHOLOGY LED-‐ Focusses on send out tesIng and provision of services within Pathology
ExecuIve leadership 13 members from across hospitals and business units
Form a ‘Steering Committee’
• Pathology CETAC/MLF
• Project mgmt.
• System Performance Improvement
• Project mgmt.
• Pathology & Lab Medicine
• Pathology Management
• Providers • Governance • AnalyIcs • IT/EMR
Associate
CMO Clinical
Pathologist
Medical Technologist
Project Manager
Gather the ‘Team’
Providers
PaIent
Laboratory
Laboratory’s idea of stakeholders
Medical Leadership
EMR IT AnalyIcs Teams
Finance Experts
External Vendors
Extended scope of stakeholders
Define the Process and Pipeline: Project Ideation and Intake
Project Intake
Providers: Residents, Mid-‐levels, Faculty
Nursing and Other Allied Care providers
Laboratory
Guidelines, Evidence Base, Choosing Wisely
PaIent and Employee Feedback
Define the Process and Pipeline: Project Review
Project
Review
Finance
OperaIons
Evidence
Pilot Data
Usability: build implicaIons
Define the Process and Pipeline: Transition to pilot or fail fast
Intake
Providers
Laboratory
Guidelines
Pilot? Formal Project
Reject/DOA
ANALYTICS • Incidence • DistribuIon • Affected party • $?
EMR • Reasons? • Workaround ? • Timeline?
Define the Process and Pipeline: governance and high level cover
Successful Pilot
Governance
DemonstraIon of proof-‐of-‐concept and underlying
data
Approval as standard of pracIce
Define the Process and Pipeline: Spread and Hardwire
Approved by Governance
AdopIon
ImplementaIon: EMR
EducaIon Roll out
Tracking of clinical and financial outcomes
5. Define the Process
Hardwiring &
Conclusion AdopIon Governance Pilot
Steering
Group IdeaIon
LAB Providers EMR AnalyIc Finance
Define the Process and Pipeline: Project Ideation and Intake
P6LUTF. EMR Build, Tricks, Games, and Pitfalls
Formulary and Beyond: Utilization options for the EMR ! If it can’t be ordered it won’t be done, the formulary is very
powerful ! Creative naming can help avoid inappropriate ordering ! Immediate Alerts (Best Practice Advisory), Choosing wisely, can
help cancel an order, or perhaps gather information on appropriate utilization.
! Build type can influence use: all blood products are ordered only from an order set to help guide and
! Look for any and all utilization opportunities within the EMR
Pitfalls and Watch-‐outs
! Many ordering modes and methods: − Can modify a system order and still find it on a preference list − Ordering from an ED workflow looks very different from − Despite the promise of order sets and the control they give over the
ordering process, utilization must be watched and monitored, the a-‐la-‐carte order is often quicker by providers…
− only force this when you really need to at the system level.
! Flanking maneuvers intentional and unintentional − Upgrades, refresh − Backdoor orders
P6LUTF. Reporting and Analytics
• Need many tools in the tool chest • Different report focus and perspective • Labs, types, quantities, associated conditions • Encounter and Episode reporting
P6: Keys to success, maintenance and expanding collaboration
Labo
ratory Providers
CommunicaIon Pathways
Aligned goals and understanding
Data-‐driven problem solving
Governance and process
Success in Collaboration
• Face-‐to-‐face interaction • Positive interdependence • Individual accountability • Shared responsibility and purpose • Norms, structure, processes • Willingness to fail • Process beats power
• Shared system Values: One-‐Henry
Watch out for these or you will hit a wall! • Not having a clear authority and joint-‐
ownership with Clinical Leaders • Not triaging projects with actual data • Not having a clear and defined process
But the real prize is the Project of Project: building an enterprise utilization infrastructure for enduring value creation
For each project we will briefly review its main goal and approach, and then discuss the tools for spread and enduring change developed therein.
P1: Multiple Troponin Syndrome: Decreasing the “third negative troponin” occurrence
Delays TAT in ER Labs and delays pa2ent discharge
in the ED?
Is this appropriate u2liza2on?
Increases troponin orders in the ER labs
Order of a 3rd
troponin a@er 2
nega2ves 0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
HFH MCT WBF WYN
Third orders
Abnormal
CriIcal
P1: Multiple Troponin Syndrome: Decreasing the “third negative troponin” occurrence • Stage of Development: Launched, Changes established, Handed off to clinical operational team (slight fumble)
• Targeted Metrics: • Business unit rate of third negative troponin
• Cost and Time in Observation • Amount of Impact:
• Working on more robust ROI process • Total troponins down, but have not captured LOS in recovery.
• Top Line Goals through 2019: • Get the measure to stick on the ED system council dashboard
• Tools and Methods Acquired: • Multi-‐business unit support • EMR build and System Analytics methods • SME process for targeted projects • Handoff to clinical operational ownership
P2: Eliminating ‘Daily’ Labs:
P2: Eliminating ‘Daily’ Labs: • Stage of Development: Launched, Changes established, maturing metrics for next round Daily Lab 2.0
• Targeted Metrics: • Technical fix: no use of “daily” frequency in
order entry in EMR • Labs per discharge, labs per D/C after 24 hrs.
• Amount of Impact: • Depending on BU 5-‐10% reduction of total labs
per D/C
• Top Line Goals through 2019: • Formalize the utilization metric and put in
clinical dashboards • Develop more robust view of encounter and
episode lab utilization for provider dashboards with some adjustment
• Working on repeated labs like: CBC q6 in GI bleeds
• Tools and Methods Acquired: • Multi-‐business unit support • Accessed all levels of governance across the
organization • EMR build and System Analytics methods • SME process for targeted projects • Increasing sophistication of lab utilization
metrics in collaboration with System Analytics • Evolution:
• Labs per discharge • Labs per hospital day (adjust for LOS) • Labs after 24 hours (adjust for maintenance
which is actual target) • Developing provider dashboards with severity
adjustment to look at the “lab bucket” • Labs per anemia burden?
P3: Blood Utilization: “7 is the new 10”, and “waste not, want not”
P3: Blood Utilization:“7 is the new 10”, and “waste not, want not” • Stage of Development: Launched, and operaIonal, improvements on blood wastage and transfusion avoidance is immense. Developing second round of improvements while conInuing to improve from the mulI pronged first round.
• Targeted Metrics: • Total transfusion • Transfusion with no prior documented Hgb < 7 • Transfusion adjusted by anemia burden
• Amount of Impact: • On track for 100s of units of PRBCs a year.
• Top Line Goals through 2019: • Targeted intervenIons with willing partners: CT Surgery,
Orthopedics, Anesthesia • Targeted admission types like GI bleed and L and D • Develop an anemia burden for adjustment • Develop the growth story: we have increased transfers
from the Jehovah's Witness community • Mobilize uIlizaIon metrics especially Hgb 7 metrics to
dashboards for teams and individual providers • Look at overall expenses in the transfused populaIon.
• Tools and Methods Acquired: • MulI-‐business unit support • Partnered with exisIng uIlizaIon efforts • Partnered with choosing wisely campaign and choosing wisely alerts from Stanson
• Accessed all levels of governance across the organizaIon
• EMR build and System AnalyIcs methods • SME process for targeted projects • Increasing sophisIcaIon of lab uIlizaIon metrics in collaboraIon with System AnalyIcs
• Daily Harm reports: who got blood yesterday! • EvoluIon:
• Blood as a whole • Blood with no HGB < 7 • Team and Disease focused intervenIons • Dashboards and adjusted data • Anemia burden
P4: Vitamin D Labs • Stage of Development: Launched organically, strong year 1 performance, maturing the metrics, based on mature metrics will refine intervention
• Targeted Metrics: • Began with order less (labs total) • Developing benchmarked versions
• Amount of Impact: • Decrease total order type • Decrease expensive order type (less 1,25 OH)
• Top Line Goals through 2019: • Formalize the utilization metric and put in
population health clinical dashboards • Develop more robust view of encounter and
episode lab utilization for provider dashboards with some adjustment
• Working on repeated labs like: CBC q6 in GI bleeds
• Tools and Methods Acquired: • Multi-‐business unit support, increased awareness and
interaction with primary care and population health • EMR build and System Analytics methods
• Ordering and Lab improvement • Formulary • Naming • Alerts and advisories
• SME process for targeted projects: population health • Increasing sophistication of lab utilization metrics in
collaboration with Population and System Analytics • Evolution:
• Total labs based on MEDC project • National benchmarks: per visit, 1 vs 1,25 OH, and
benchmarking by CBC or Metabolic profile
P4: Vitamin D Labs Vitamin D -‐> Vitamin D (screening to be used only in symptomatic patients, no longer broadly indicated)
Vitamin D 1,25 DiHydroxy -‐> Vitamin D 1,25 DiHydroxy (Rarely indicated, Limited use, endocrinology and sarcoid use only)
Synchronize with other groups! (HFMG Ambulatory 2016 initiative)
685 683
805
582 617
585
463 491
402
322
192 150
P5: Choosing Wisely: Care and feeding of the BPAs in Epic (alerts, popups and other workflow annoyances)
• Stage of Development: Implemented and in place, pipeline developed for ongoing launch of next alerts. Continuing to develop monitoring and interventions for alerts. Continuing to monitor alert and develop analytic approach. Our committee owns all lab related alerts for the system (no other group has stepped forward for a slice)
• Targeted Metrics: • Began with order less (labs total) • Developing benchmarked versions
• Amount of Impact: • Decrease total order type • Decrease expensive order type (less 1,25 OH)
• Top Line Goals through 2019: • Formalize the utilization metric and put in population health
clinical dashboards • Develop more robust view of encounter and episode lab
utilization for provider dashboards with some adjustment • Working on repeated labs like: CBC q6 in GI bleeds
• Tools and Methods Acquired: • Multi-‐business unit support, increased awareness and
interaction with primary care and population health • EMR build and System Analytics methods
• Ordering and Lab improvement • Formulary • Naming • Alerts and advisories
• SME process for targeted projects: population health • Increasing sophistication of lab utilization metrics in
collaboration with Population and System Analytics • Evolution:
• Total labs based on MEDC project • National benchmarks: per visit, 1 vs 1,25 OH, and
benchmarking by CBC or Metabolic profile
Conclusions
• 'Value' and 'Value based' reimbursement models will influence the design and delivery of healthcare
• Any lab (or non-‐lab) service that improves quality and reduces costs is valuable
• Laboratories are strategically situated in value delivery. • Centrality in the care episode • Connection to all specialties • Data handling capabilities
Conclusions • The challenges that the laboratories face are:
• Self imposed isolation and sole focus on the analytic step • Limited understanding of how our customers utilize our services
• These challenges can be overcome by: • Collaborating with providers through a structured process and framework
• Making the clinical care processes more efficient by provision of correct and timely laboratory services, and measuring its financial and quality impact