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What is Nutrition?
Refers to the animal receiving a proper & balanced food and water ration so that it can grow, maintain itsbody, reproduce, and supply or produce the things we expect from it
Water
In EVERY cell of the bodySupport the body’s biochemical
reactions Transport other nutrientsAid in body temperature
maintenanceHelp give the body its formCarry waste from the body
Importance of Water
Most important nutrient Loss impedes circulation, results in
dehydration, slows body functions Carries medications for disease control
Makes up about 55 to 65 percent of an animal’s body
Protein
Develop and repair body organs and tissues
Produce milk, wool, and eggs Develop the fetus Serve as building material for enzymes
and hormones Develop antibodies Transmit DNA
Importance of Proteins Broken into amino acids during digestion
Animals must consume essential amino acids Ruminants can create all amino acids
Amino acids contribute to animals’ health 25 amino acids are found in animals feeds
Of these, 10 or 11 are considered essential and the others are nonessential
Essential are those that can’t be produced by the animal’s body & must be supplied in ration (feed)
Function and growth determine animals’ amino acid needs
Importance of Carbohydrates Converted by animals into energy Made of sugars, starches, and crude
fiber Completely digested sugars and starches
are nitrogen-free extracts Crude fiber is mostly non-digestible bulk
or roughageLarge amounts of crude fiber better
handled by some animals (ruminants)
Importance of Fats
Contain 2.25 times as much energy as equivalent amount of carbohydrates and proteins
Essential in the diet, though at less than 3 percent
Vitamins Regulate digestion, absorption,
and metabolismDevelop normal vision, bone, and
external body coveringsRegulate body glandsForm new cellsFight disease and strengthens
immune systemDevelop and maintain nervous
system
Importance of Vitamins Classified on the basis of their solubility
Fat or Water Soluble Fat Soluble
Vitamins A, D, E, and K Water Soluble
Vitamin C and B-complex
Minerals Inorganic elements that are essential to
life’s processesMost agree 7 minerals are required in
the largest amounts—Macrominerals Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium,
Sulfur, Chlorine, & Magnesium8 are needed in lesser or trace
amounts—Microminerals Iron, Iodine, Copper, Cobalt, Manganese,
Zinc, Molybdenum, & Selenium