Peter Okoth Annual Program Review 2011 Nairobi, Kenya 9 May 2011 A Globally Integrated Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS)

Peter Okoth

Annual Program Review 2011Nairobi, Kenya

9 May 2011

A Globally Integrated Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS)

• Grantee institutiono The International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

• Budget: US$ 18.1 m• Implementing Institution

o Tropical Soil Biology & Fertility (TSBF) Institute of (CIAT)• Partners

o Columbia University’s Earth Instituteo World Soil Information (ISRIC)o World Agro-forestry Centre (ICRAF)o 5 initial NARS in Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mali

& Nigeria)o 22 other African countries

Presentation Outline

• Background

• Foreseen Impact

• Project Activities

• AfSIS Data Systems

• Soil Surveys

• Fertility trials

• Capacity building, user outreach, policy & dissemination

Background

Numbers

• About 500 million hectares of sub-Saharan Africa’s agricultural land are moderately or severely degraded

• African farmers are able to apply only 10 percent of the nutrients that farmers in the rest of the world return to the soil

• Soils in southwestern Kenya, for example, lose an estimated 100 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare each year

Nutrient depleted soils reason for poor crops & low productivity

Large scale land degradation due to soil erosion: How to address?

Foreseen Impact

Foreseen Impact• Provide accurate & spatially explicit soil database for

42 African countries

• Contribute to the reversal of soil degradation in Africa

• Contribute to increased crop yields & improved livelihoods for approximately 1 to 2 million poor African households

• Prepare material and evidence to guide policy and action that enhances Africa’s soil & crop productivity

• Contribute to the development of African institutions capacity in soil mapping & fertility management

Project Progress & Outputs

Global efforts to raise funds & prepare the globalsoilmap.net

Collecting soil pedology legacy data for the African node (AfSIS)

Coordinated Dr. Alfred Hartemink-ISRIC

Objective 1

Achievements

• Key successes (objectives achieved)o Consortium agreement signed & nodes activeo Specifications prepared and agreed upono Soil legacy data for Africa collected (AfSIS)

Consortium Agreement Signed

Slide Credit: Alfred Hartemink

Nodes are Established and Active

North America

LatinAmerica/Caribbean

Eurasia

Africa

East Asia

Oceania

SouthAsia

North Africa/West and Central Asia

CUMERC

(South Asia node is still pending)

Objective 2

Cyber Infrastructure & soils databaseCoordinated by Ms. Sonya Ahmed of New York’s Colombia University-

Earth Institute

Achievements

• Electronic mobile data collection toolkits developed

• Online databases installed on project website

• Algorithms for digital soil mapping & crop response

• Repeatable scientific workflows for data processing and analysis

• Interactive map viewer

• Tool for submitting soil spectra to and predicting soil properties from spectral libraries

• Tools for providing location specific, agronomic decision support to research and extension providers

Digital elevation map of Africa available on-line

Objective 3

Soil survey covering 18.1 sq km of Sub-Saharan Africa using samples collected from 60 sentinel

sites in 27 sub-African countriesCoordinated by Dr. Tor Vagen of ICRAF

AfSIS Sentinel Sampling• ~17.5 million km2 of

continental SSA • ~0.6 million km2 of

Madagascar• Spatially stratified random

sampling approach consisting of 60 sites

• Each 100 km2 • 42 countries with 95% of

human population• ~9,600 new geo-referenced

soil profiles• 38,000 individual soil samples

One Sentinel Site10 km

10 km

Total of 160 sampling Points per site

4 soil samples per point

Example of a digital soil carbon condition map of Segou in Mali

Low resolution-wider coverage High resolution-less coverage

IR spectroscopy

of soils

Regional network of NIR spectral laboratories

(in the NARS)

NIR training, Arusha

MPA (NIR) spectrometer in Bamako

Field testing of new spectrometer

MPA (NIR) spectrometer in Arusha

Construction of IR lab in Lilongwe

Tor-G. Vågen, Lulseged T. Desta, Leigh Winowiecki, Jerome E. Tondoh and Keith D. Shepherd

Reference soil analyses (Nairobi)


Some highlights of AfSIS activities in Southern Africa

Built infrastructure and employed staff

Employed field and laboratory staff – provided training ...

Field Sample Collection (started Feb. 2010)

So far, Nine sites have been surveyed: • 2 in Malawi • 6 in Mozambique • 1 in Zambia

(2 will be completed soon)

Infiltration measurement

Trip to Inhassunge sentinel site in Mozambique

Training partners on data collection

Soil sample preparation in the lab at Chitedze Research Station in Lilongwe

Near-infrared spectroscope for soil sample scanning

So far, 2500 soil samples have been scanned

Sample Preparation and Processing

Database Management System and Analyses

Automated scientific workflow for data analysis

Automated reporting on soil properties Soil chemical and physical reference values


Documentation of AfSIS methods and guidelines for implementation


Objective 4

• Implementing soil fertility diagnostic trials

• Formulating decision support systems

• Formulating management recommendation

• Coordinated by Dr. Jeroen Huising of CIAT-TSBF

Goal: Reducing Yield Gap

Actual yield

Potential yield

Maize Cultivation in Nyanza

Continuous with no inputs-poor spacing

5 to 8 plants per hole

Better planting with no fertilizers

Maize planted same day on adjacent fields on 13th April 2009

With DAP & Beans Without DAP

Diagnostic TrialsPlot Treatment

number Treatment code Treatment

P1 T. 1 R1 000a Control P2 T. 1 R2 000b Control P3 T. 2 R1 111a NPK P4 T. 2 R2 111b NPK P5 T. 3 011 PK P6 T. 4 110 NP P7 T. 5 101 NK P8 T. 6 111X NPK+ CaMgS MicronutrientsP9 T. 7 111M NPK+ manure P10 T. 8 111L NPK + limeSource of nutrients and application ratesPlot Source Application rate (kg ha-1)N Urea 100 P TSP 30 K Potash 60Ca, Mg, S, Micronutrients Mavuno 10 (Ca); 5 (Mg); 5 (S); 3 (Zn; B)Lime Agricultural Lime 500 kgManure Composted low sand

content cattle manure 10,000 DM

Selected Sites

SidindiKiberashi

Mbinga

Nkhata Bay

Thuchila

Kontela

KolokoPampaida

Ibi

Nutrient omission: yield gain/loss

Effect of fertilizer and amendments

Error bars are bootstrap confidence limits

Nkhata Bay, Malawi - Maize

Thuchila, Malawi - Maize Koloko, Mali - Sorghum

Kontela, Mali - Sorghum

Sidindi, Kenya- Maize

Kiberashi, Tanzania - Maize

AfSIS Annual Planning Meeting 2010

Co-locating trials with Obj. 3 sampling sites

• Total of 32 fields per sentinel site

o Two (2) diagnostic trials per cluster randomly selected

o Field centered to Y-frameo Partial replication

1 km2

10 km10 km

Linking objectives 3 and 4synergies / opportunities


Linking sentinel site baselines and diagnostic trials

Co-locating trials at cluster level Relating maps to crop performance

Kiberashi Sentinel Site, Tanzania


Crop growth performance in eroded (TRUE) vs non-eroded (FALSE) areasControl NPK+Manure


Linking sentinel site baselines and diagnostic trials

Kiberashi Sentinel Site, Tanzania Gompertz function:

The Sahelian DrylandsArea: 1.2 million km2

Population: 38 millionMillet & sorghum belt: 23 million ha

Humid Forest ZoneArea: 5.8 million km2

Population: 168 millionCassava belt: 18 million haNERICA potential: 2 million ha

Moist Savanna and Woodland Zones

Area: 4.4 million km2

Population: 157 millionMaize belt: 32 million haCA potential: 7 million ha

S

N

EW

0 1000 2000

kilometers

Initial Impact zones targeted by

AfSIS

Nigeria

Kenya

Malawi

Tanzania

Mali

Objective 5

Serving end users, Packaging AfSIS Products, policy, & impact pathways

Coordinated by Dr. Peter Okoth CIAT-TSBF

Specific Activities

• Coordinating the national partners & stakeholders

• Capacity building (Human & infrastructure)

• Serving end users

• Communication

• Policy Advocacy

• Gender

Achievements

• Got agreement with Ministers in the five countries

• Prepared & signed MoAs

• Recruited the AfSIS National Coordinators & team

• Drafted TORs for the National Coordinators

• Drafted & signed LOAs, budgets & work-plans

• Created stakeholder committees

Nigeria

Kenya

Malawi

Tanzania

Mali

Mansoor

Esilaba

DoumbiaIwafuor

Makumba

Outputs

NARs teams & end users

Country Scientists Extension Partners1) Total

Nigeria 9 3 5 17

Kenya 10 6 6 22

Malawi 4 37 1 42

Tanzania 11 8 1 20

Mali 15 1 4 20

Totals 121

1) Partners include: fertilizer companies, seed companies, NGOs, financial institutions

On the job trainingCourse Country No: Female No: Male Total

NIR Spectroscopy Kenya 0 2 2

Malawi 2 7 9

Mali 0 3 3

Tanzania 5 4 9

Ivory Coast 0 1 1

USA 1 0 1

Ethiopia 0 2 2

Cameroon 1 0 1

China 0 1 1

Belgium 0 1 1

Total 9 18 27

Country No: Female No: Male Total

LDSF Malawi 0 2 2

Mali 0 1 1Rwanda 1 1 2

Legacy database Tanzania 3 6 9

Malawi 0 1 1

Mali 0 3 3

Nigeria 0 1 1

Kenya 2 3 5

Uganda 0 2 2

Total 6 20 Course

On the job training

Formal training in MSc & PhD

Course Country No: Female No: Male Total Status

PhD -Keith Kenya 0 1 1 On-going

AGRA Mali 0 1 1 On-going

PhD AfSIS Kenya 0 2 2 On-going

MSc AfSIS Kenya 0 2 2 Completed

MSc-Keith Kenya 2 0 2 On-going

Uganda 0 2 2 On-going

Total 2 8 10

Infrastructure

Country Spectrometers Internet Servers Buildings

Tanzania Refurbished

Malawi - AfSIS Laboratory built

Mali - Partly refurbished

Kenya - - - -

Nigeria - - - -

ICRAF Nairobi Refurbished

AfSIS Conceptual Construction

object location

geometricattributes

soilattributes

HARDWARE

SOFTWARE

KNOW

LEDGEW

HO?

HOW? W

HERE?

WHAT?

USERS

USERS

USERS

USERS

GIS system interface

User concerns & project objectives response interface

1,3,4

1,3,4

2,5

2,5object

Specific objectiveattention domains

User Needs SurveyLevel Target Sampling

Methodology1

International

• Soil researchers, • Students • Modelers (crop, erosion, climate, degradation) • Data managers (e.g. UNEP’s GRID), • Donors

Diversity purposive sampling(59 respondents)

National

• Soil researchers• Government departments (extension, planners, agribusiness, environment, fisheries)• Agro-dealers

Purposive sampling(120 respondents)

Local• Extension service providers (public & NGOs, CBOs)• Agro-dealers• Fertilizer blenders

Purposive sampling(150 respondents)

1Data collection tool-Structured questionnaire

International scientists exchange preferences

Extension service knowledge exchange preferences

0 1 2 3 5 6 9

Extension Service Preferences

DVD/CD players

Internet

Songs/Poems/Skits

Brochures

Mobile phones

Barazas

Billboards/Posters

Books

Newspapers/Magazines

Radio

Television

Farmer Field Days

On-farm demonstrations

Workshops/Seminars

ISFM

info

rmati

on c

hann

els

AfSIS to fill in by

providing training

& limited hardware

Data & Information Flows

Soil fertility diagnostic

& ISFM trials

Possible spatial

interventiondomains

Geo-referencedspatial soils data

& information

Cyberspace

Other communication

media

ManagementrecommendationsPolicy guidelines

& Briefs 7

FF

1, 3

4

4 & 5

F

2 & 5

Legacydata

analysis

4 & 5

data data

maps

maps

knowledge

maps

Impact Pathways

• Satisfy the user needs (how many reached with relevant & useful information?)

• Provide meaningful and usable recommendations to the users (how much information put to use?)

• Provide timely delivery of AfSIS products (when delivered and how delivered?)

Please kindly fill in our questionnaire in folder for us to pick by end of day

Policy

• Use outputs of objective 3 and 4 to develop soil use policy including fertilizer use and blending with micro-nutrients

• Carry out social and economic studies to avail evidence to support policy briefs development

• Policy on input, output markets (The Malawi example)

• Policy on extension services

Partnerships• Which kind of partnerships do we need to have

for maximum impact?

• How do we structure the partnerships?

• How do we sustain the partnerships?

• Who pays?

Objective 6

Project management, integration, communication, science & capacity building

Overall Leader: Dr. Nteranya SangingaProject Director: Dr. Pedro SanchezProject Leader: Dr. Markus Walsh

Looking Ahead!

Rmax

Fmax

RControl

Fmin

Inputs

GrainYields

Ex-Ante Analysis Concept

X1

X2X3

Rmax

Nutrients

Labour

Weeding

Pest & Diseases

Fmax

Fmin

Spacing

Important Study Parameters

Knowledge

Economic Analysis Models

• Communication pathways

• Adoption pathways

• Benefit cost analysis

• Economic surplus model

• Technical efficiencies

What we intend to do?

• Conduct field measurements

• Implement questionnaire & observations in the AfSIS farmers fields

• Feed the results into the nutrient manager

• Produce a bio-physical as well as a economic nutrient manager

• Deploy on the AfSIS website as well as on mobile phone interactive application

Thank You!

Erokamano!

Documents

Peter Okoth Annual Program Review 2011 Nairobi, Kenya 9 May 2011 A Globally Integrated Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS)